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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/869011.rdf" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Data resulting from testing dilution experiments conducted in the development of four assays to quantify copeod naupliar biomass in Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Cite this dataset as: Goetze, E., Lenz, P., Selph, K. E. (2022) Data resulting from testing dilution experiments conducted in the development of four assays to quantify copeod naupliar biomass in Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2022-02-01 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.869011.1 [access date]</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>Quantitative PCR: Dilution test Dataset Description:  Methods and Sampling: &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Methodology:&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Complete methodology is detailed in Jungbluth et al. (accepted 2022, Limnology and Oceanography Methods). Briefly, qPCR assays were developed for four copepod species: &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Parvocalanus crassirostris&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Bestiolina similis, Oithona simplex, &amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;and&amp;lt;em&amp;gt; Oithona attenuata. &amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;The assays were optimized and applied to mixed field samples to estimate biomass of nauplii of each species, over 5 orders of magnitude in length-based biomass and DNA copy number measured with qPCR.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sampling and Analytical Procedures:&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Zooplankton samples were either collected from the field with a Niskin bottle or 150 µm mesh plankton net with filtering cod end, or cultured in the laboratory, then preserved in 95% molecular ethyl alcohol and stored in the freezer until processing. Field samples were collected from southern Kāne‘ohe Bay on the island of Oahu, Hawai‘i. DNA was extracted from individual copepods of all focal and non-focal species from the area and used to assess whether our qPCR assays were working as expected. Dilutions of the various focal and non-focal species were tested to look at the range of focal species DNA that was detectible with the assays. Finally, the DNA copy number measurements were compared with length-based and laboratory-measured carbon biomass of each species to assess the accuracy of using qPCR to estimate copepod naupliar biomass from mixed field samples.&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/award/473046.rdf" xlink:title="OCE-1255697" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1255697 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1255697</gmx:Anchor>
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The most abundant metazoans in the open sea are often the earliest developmental stages of copepods, their nauplii. Nauplii remain under-studied due to the limitations of conventional techniques and an historical emphasis on studying the larger mesozooplankton. However, there is increasing recognition that nauplii play important roles in food web dynamics, and considerable evidence that nauplii may be important trophic intermediaries between microbial and classical food webs due to their high abundance, high weight-specific ingestion rates, and ability to feed on relatively small particles. This team of investigators is developing a novel molecular approach to studying diverse populations of nauplii in mixed field samples based on quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). They propose to complete development and validation of this qPCR-based technique for enumeration of nauplii, and evaluate its utility in the field. The specific objectives of this research are to identify and reduce technical and biological sources of error in the methodology, determine the accuracy of the method across a range of environmental conditions, and complete one paired field experiment that compares the grazing impact of naupliar and protozoan micro-grazers in a model subtropical coastal ecosystem.&lt;/p&gt;
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Jungbluth, M.J., Goetze, E., and Lenz, P.H. 2013. Measuring copepod naupliar abundance in a subtropical bay using quantitative PCR. Marine Biology, 160: 3125-3141. doi: &lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-013-2300-y&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;10.1007/s00227-013-2300-y&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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Complete methodology is detailed in Jungbluth et al. (accepted 2022, Limnology and Oceanography Methods). Briefly, qPCR assays were developed for four copepod species: &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Parvocalanus crassirostris&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Bestiolina similis, Oithona simplex, &amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;and&amp;lt;em&amp;gt; Oithona attenuata. &amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;The assays were optimized and applied to mixed field samples to estimate biomass of nauplii of each species, over 5 orders of magnitude in length-based biomass and DNA copy number measured with qPCR.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sampling and Analytical Procedures:&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Zooplankton samples were either collected from the field with a Niskin bottle or 150 µm mesh plankton net with filtering cod end, or cultured in the laboratory, then preserved in 95% molecular ethyl alcohol and stored in the freezer until processing. Field samples were collected from southern Kāne‘ohe Bay on the island of Oahu, Hawai‘i. DNA was extracted from individual copepods of all focal and non-focal species from the area and used to assess whether our qPCR assays were working as expected. Dilutions of the various focal and non-focal species were tested to look at the range of focal species DNA that was detectible with the assays. Finally, the DNA copy number measurements were compared with length-based and laboratory-measured carbon biomass of each species to assess the accuracy of using qPCR to estimate copepod naupliar biomass from mixed field samples.&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;R&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; (R core team, 2017), packages &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;stats&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; (base R) and &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;car&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; (Fox and Weisberg 2019)&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;BCO-DMO Processing:&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
- renamed fields to comply with BCO-DMO naming conventions.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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				    <gco:CharacterString>02543</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/instrument/649.rdf" xlink:title="Automated DNA Sequencer" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Applied Biosystems 3730XL</gmx:Anchor>
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                <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/instrument/546339.rdf" xlink:title="Elemental Analyzer" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Exeter Analytical CE 440</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gco:CharacterString>PI Supplied Instrument Name: Exeter Analytical CE 440 PI Supplied Instrument Description:Exeter Analytical CE 440 was used for CHN analysis of copepods. Instrument Name: Elemental Analyzer Instrument Short Name:   Instrument Description: Instruments that quantify carbon, nitrogen and sometimes other elements by combusting the sample at very high temperature and assaying the resulting gaseous oxides. Usually used for samples including organic material. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB01/</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/instrument/484.rdf" xlink:title="Fluorometer" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Qubit Fluorometer (Invitrogen)</gmx:Anchor>
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                <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/instrument/708.rdf" xlink:title="Microscope - Optical" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Olympus dissection microscope (model SZX16)</gmx:Anchor>
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