http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/869304
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2022-02-03
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Concentrations of He, Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe collected in copper tube samples in the SUSTAIN wind-wave tank in the summer of 2018
2022-02-03
publication
2022-02-03
revision
Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)
2022-06-08
publication
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.869304.1
Rachel H. R. Stanley
Wellesley College
principalInvestigator
Brian Haus
University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Stanley, R., Haus, B. (2022) Concentrations of He, Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe collected in copper tube samples in the SUSTAIN wind-wave tank in the summer of 2018. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2022-02-03 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.869304.1 [access date]
Methods and Sampling: Location: SUSTAIN wind-wave Tank, University of Miami
See Supplemental files "Experimental Conditions in SUSTAIN wind wave tank" which contain the same experiment numbers as this DiscreteNobleGasData dataset.
Methodology:
The noble gas concentrations (He, Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe) were measured at the Isotope Geochemistry facility at WHOI according to the method of Stanley et al. 2009 but with isotope dilution method for Kr and Xe, as in Jenkins et al. 2019. The copper tube samples were collected at the SUSTAIN tank at the start or end of each experiment and then shipped to WHOI for analysis. Full description of the sample collection and analysis is in Stanley et al., “Gas Fluxes and Steady-State Saturation Anomalies at Very High Wind Speeds" Submitted to JGR-Oceans in Dec. 2021 (Stanley et al., 2022). Temperature was measured by an optode and salinity was interpolated from discrete samples collected by salinity and measured at the University of Miami.
Sampling and analytical procedures:
A full description of the sample collection and analysis is in Stanley et al., “Gas Fluxes and Steady State Saturation Anomalies at Very High Wind Speeds “ Submitted to JGR-Oceans in Dec. 2021. Here is the relevant paragraph about discrete noble gas measurements from that paper:
At the end of every experiment, and at the beginning of approximately half the experiments (the experiments conducted with U_10 = 20, 30, 40 and 50 m s-1 and the invasion/evasion experiments), samples for discrete noble gas analysis were collected in copper tubes (Jenkins et al., 2019; Loose et al., 2016). The samples were drawn from the tank through pre-soaked tygon tubing into 1 m of 5/8” diameter copper tubing, bubbles were removed by rapping, and at least 1 L of water was allowed to flow through the tube. Flow was temporarily stopped by clips and then the ends of the copper tube were cold-welded (Young and Lupton, 1983), producing two gas-tight samples of ~45 g each per time-point, though typically only one sample was analyzed. Samples were shipped to the Isotope Geochemistry Facility at WHOI where the gases were first extracted from the sealed copper tube into 30 mL aluminosilicate glass ampoules using an evacuated noble gas extraction line (Jenkins et al., 2019) and then analyzed for He, Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe on a quadrupole mass spectrometer by first being separated cryogenically and then using ion beam manometry spectrometry for He, Ne and Ar, and isotope dilution for Kr and Xe (given the smaller abundances of Kr and Xe, isotope dilution is required for better precision and accuracy) (Jenkins et al., 2019; Stanley et al., 2009a). Precison of the system, based on measurements of duplicate samples, is 0.1% for He, Ne, Ar, Kr and 0.2% for Xe.
Temperature was interpolated from in situ measurements of temperature made by an Anderra optode located next to the in situ pump that brought water to the copper tubes. Salinity measurements were made at the beginning and end of most experiments and then interpolated to the time of noble gas data collection to obtain an appropriate salinity. The salinity in the SUSTAIN tank changed slowly for the most part since typically it was a closed system and thus evaporation was the only cause for change. However, at certain points within the experiment, new water was added to the tank and at those times, salinity samples were also taken. Thus the salinity data is usually smoothly changing but with some jumps.
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1634467 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1634467
completed
Rachel H. R. Stanley
Wellesley College
(781) 283-3122
Department of Chemistry 106 Central St
Wellesley
Massachusetts
02481
United States
rachel.stanley@wellesley.edu
pointOfContact
Brian Haus
University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science
3054214932
4600 Rickenbacker Causeway
Key Biscayne
FL
331491031
US
bhaus@rsmas.miami.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
DateCollected
HeConc
NeConc
ArConc
KrConc
XeConc
Temp
Salinity
ExptNumber
ISO_DateTime_UTC
Andaerra Optode
Hiden PIC quadrupole
theme
None, User defined
No BCO-DMO term
dissolved noble gas concentration
ISO_DateTime_UTC
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
Aanderaa Oxygen Optodes
Mass Spectrometer
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
Collaborative Research: RUI: Investigating Gas Exchange Processes using Noble Gases in a Controlled Environment
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/776111
Collaborative Research: RUI: Investigating Gas Exchange Processes using Noble Gases in a Controlled Environment
<p>NSF Abstract:</p>
<p>An exact description of gas exchange between the atmosphere and the ocean is not fully developed, yet it is a critical process for understanding climate change and ecosystem dynamics. This is particularly problematic when evaluating the important role of bubbles in air-sea gas exchange, especially in remote ocean locations where high winds and waves make direct measurements extremely difficult. This project seeks to provide needed fundamental, high wind/wave gas-exchange measurements by using a large, state-of-the-art, wind-wave tank. Here the PIs can apply their novel measurements of noble gases (neon, argon, krypton, and xenon) to calculate overall gas fluxes under precisely controlled conditions. This tank setting allows a systematic approach to define the physical and chemical parameters (temperature, salinity, pH, wind speed, turbulence, bubble size distribution, etc.) required to construct more accurate models without the great uncertainties inherent in making similar measurements from a ship in storm conditions. A significant outcome of this study, beyond improved understanding of air-sea gas exchange, could be greatly improved estimates of the critical ecological balance between photosynthesis and respiration. Current methods use carbon dioxide and oxygen dissolved in seawater as an indication of biological activity, but cannot distinguish between biological processes and atmospheric exchange, and estimates are especially inaccurate under high wind and wave conditions with strong bubble injection. This study will improve our ability to separate biological and physical processes in evaluation of dissolved gasses in seawater.</p>
<p>Also, this project will provide 15 female undergraduate students at Wellesley College with an exciting, on-site research experience using a state-of-the-art tank facility at the University of Miami, and results will be incorporated into general and advanced chemistry classes. The production of student-created, short format videos, and other public outreach activities will also be supported to disseminate information on the importance of marine gas exchange.</p>
<p>The study of gas exchange processes between the ocean and the atmosphere has been hindered by the lack of data required to define quantitative relationships that account for bubble processes under a variety of wind, wave, and temperature conditions. Current gas exchange models tend to be highly unreliable in their parameterization of bubble processes. In large part, this is due to the difficulty of making traditional measurements at sea in remote locations within well-defined conditions, especially with high winds and waves. By using the large SUSTAIN wind-wave tank (23 m x 6 m x 2 m), the researchers in this project plan to greatly advance our understanding of the effect of wind, wave, and temperature variability on gas transfer. The use of a recently developed, field-portable equilibrator mass spectrometer that allows nearly continuous measurements of noble gas ratios (Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe) will result in these SUSTAIN tank experiments providing precisely characterized gas flux data under varying wind speeds from 10 to 40 m/s. In addition, an underwater shadowgraph system will image bubbles, allowing the researchers to quantify bubble size distributions, a key factor missing from bubble models. Current models use a greatly simplified, two size-class representation of bubbles; an approach that this research will re-evaluate in hopes of creating better parameterizations of the role of bubble size on gas flux, and consequently improved air-sea gas exchange models for oceanic and climatic applications.</p>
Gas Exchange at SUSTAIN
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
2018-07-10
2018-07-15
SUSTAIN wind-wave tank at University of Miami
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Concentrations of He, Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe collected in copper tube samples in the SUSTAIN wind-wave tank in the summer of 2018
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/869333.rdf
Name: DateCollected
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Date and time (UTC) sample was collected in format %d/%m/%Y %H:%M (e.g. 7/10/2018 15:45)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/869334.rdf
Name: HeConc
Units: micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)
Description: <p>Concentration of Helium in the water sample</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/869335.rdf
Name: NeConc
Units: micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)
Description: <p>Concentration of Neon in the water sample</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/869336.rdf
Name: ArConc
Units: micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)
Description: <p>Concentration of Argon in the water sample</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/869337.rdf
Name: KrConc
Units: micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)
Description: <p>Concentration of Krypton in the water sample</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/869338.rdf
Name: XeConc
Units: micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)
Description: <p>Concentration of Xenon in the water sample</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/869339.rdf
Name: Temp
Units: micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)
Description: <p>Water temperature</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/869340.rdf
Name: Salinity
Units: Practical Salinity Units (PSU)
Description: <p>Water salinity (interpolated from discrete samples)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/869341.rdf
Name: ExptNumber
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Experiment number, can be cross referenced with tank condition data (See Supplemental Files section) to learn about wind and wave conditions during that experiment</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/869342.rdf
Name: ISO_DateTime_UTC
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Date and time (UTC) sample was collected in ISO 8601 format %Y-%m-%dT%H:%MZ (e.g. 2018-07-10T14:14Z)</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
4670
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/bitstream/1912/28980/1/dataset-869304_discretenoblegasdata__v1.tsv
download
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.869304.1
download
onLine
dataset
Location: SUSTAIN wind-wave Tank, University of Miami
See Supplemental files "Experimental Conditions in SUSTAIN wind wave tank" which contain the same experiment numbers as this DiscreteNobleGasData dataset.
Methodology:
The noble gas concentrations (He, Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe) were measured at the Isotope Geochemistry facility at WHOI according to the method of Stanley et al. 2009 but with isotope dilution method for Kr and Xe, as in Jenkins et al. 2019. The copper tube samples were collected at the SUSTAIN tank at the start or end of each experiment and then shipped to WHOI for analysis. Full description of the sample collection and analysis is in Stanley et al., “Gas Fluxes and Steady-State Saturation Anomalies at Very High Wind Speeds" Submitted to JGR-Oceans in Dec. 2021 (Stanley et al., 2022). Temperature was measured by an optode and salinity was interpolated from discrete samples collected by salinity and measured at the University of Miami.
Sampling and analytical procedures:
A full description of the sample collection and analysis is in Stanley et al., “Gas Fluxes and Steady State Saturation Anomalies at Very High Wind Speeds “ Submitted to JGR-Oceans in Dec. 2021. Here is the relevant paragraph about discrete noble gas measurements from that paper:
At the end of every experiment, and at the beginning of approximately half the experiments (the experiments conducted with U_10 = 20, 30, 40 and 50 m s-1 and the invasion/evasion experiments), samples for discrete noble gas analysis were collected in copper tubes (Jenkins et al., 2019; Loose et al., 2016). The samples were drawn from the tank through pre-soaked tygon tubing into 1 m of 5/8” diameter copper tubing, bubbles were removed by rapping, and at least 1 L of water was allowed to flow through the tube. Flow was temporarily stopped by clips and then the ends of the copper tube were cold-welded (Young and Lupton, 1983), producing two gas-tight samples of ~45 g each per time-point, though typically only one sample was analyzed. Samples were shipped to the Isotope Geochemistry Facility at WHOI where the gases were first extracted from the sealed copper tube into 30 mL aluminosilicate glass ampoules using an evacuated noble gas extraction line (Jenkins et al., 2019) and then analyzed for He, Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe on a quadrupole mass spectrometer by first being separated cryogenically and then using ion beam manometry spectrometry for He, Ne and Ar, and isotope dilution for Kr and Xe (given the smaller abundances of Kr and Xe, isotope dilution is required for better precision and accuracy) (Jenkins et al., 2019; Stanley et al., 2009a). Precison of the system, based on measurements of duplicate samples, is 0.1% for He, Ne, Ar, Kr and 0.2% for Xe.
Temperature was interpolated from in situ measurements of temperature made by an Anderra optode located next to the in situ pump that brought water to the copper tubes. Salinity measurements were made at the beginning and end of most experiments and then interpolated to the time of noble gas data collection to obtain an appropriate salinity. The salinity in the SUSTAIN tank changed slowly for the most part since typically it was a closed system and thus evaporation was the only cause for change. However, at certain points within the experiment, new water was added to the tank and at those times, salinity samples were also taken. Thus the salinity data is usually smoothly changing but with some jumps.
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p>William Jenkins at the IGF converted the raw mass spectrometry data to concentrations of gases in the samples by comparing standards and samples.&nbsp;<br />
<br />
BCO-DMO Data Manager Processing Notes:<br />
* File DiscreteNobleGasData.txt imported into the BCO-DMO data system.<br />
* Parameters (column names) renamed to comply with BCO-DMO naming conventions. See https://www.bco-dmo.org/page/bco-dmo-data-processing-conventions<br />
* DateTime (UTC) column added in ISO 8601 format yyyy-mm-ddTHH:MMZ.<br />
* Experimental conditions table attached as a supplemental file to this dataset.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
Andaerra Optode
Andaerra Optode
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Andaerra Optode PI Supplied Instrument Description:Andaerra Optode for temperature Instrument Name: Aanderaa Oxygen Optodes Instrument Short Name:AOO Instrument Description: Aanderaa Oxygen Optodes are instrument for monitoring oxygen in the environment. For instrument information see the Aanderaa Oxygen Optodes Product Brochure. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/351/
Hiden PIC quadrupole
Hiden PIC quadrupole
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Hiden PIC quadrupole PI Supplied Instrument Description:A mass spectrometric system using a Hiden PIC quadrupole (P/N PCI 1000 1.2HAL/3F 1301-9 PIC type 570309), equipped with an electron impact ion source, triple quadrupole mass filter, and a pulse counting secondary electron multiplier (SEM) for measurement of a suite of noble gases. This system was referred to informally as "MSThree" during the study. Instrument Name: Mass Spectrometer Instrument Short Name:Mass Spec Instrument Description: General term for instruments used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions; generally used to find the composition of a sample by generating a mass spectrum representing the masses of sample components. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB16/