http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/871691
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2022-03-18
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Photochemical production rates of acrylate in seawater following exposure to sunlight from a variety of marine environments between 2011-2018.
2022-03-22
publication
2022-03-22
revision
Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)
2022-04-13
publication
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.871691.1
David J. Kieber
State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Kieber, D. J. (2022) Photochemical production rates of acrylate in seawater following exposure to sunlight from a variety of marine environments between 2011-2018. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2022-03-22 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.871691.1 [access date]
Photochemical production rates of acrylate in seawater Dataset Description: Methods and Sampling: <p><strong>Sample collection</strong>: Sea-surface water samples were collected in Niskin bottles during cruises in the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, and the Gulf of Mexico. For a map of the sample, locations see Xue and Kieber 2021 (Figure S1). In the coral reef and Pacific Ocean samples offshore from the island of Mo’orea (French Polynesia), samples from the surface were hand-collected using a polypropylene bucket and then poured into an opaque polypropylene bottle. All water samples were gravity filtered through a 0.2 µm POLYCAP 75 AS Nylon filter into Qorpak glass bottles. Filtered samples were stored in dark at 4 degrees C until use, except for the Mo’orea samples which were used the same day in sunlight exposure experiments. The polypropylene bucket and bottles were rinsed several times using high-purity laboratory water (Milli-Q) and seawater prior to use. All glass bottles were rinsed using Milli-Q and baked at 550 degrees C for 6 hours.</p>
<p><strong>Photochemical experiments</strong>: 0.2 µm-filtered samples were gently pulled into eight Teflon-sealed quartz tubes (Kieber et al. 1997) with no headspaces. Four quartz tubes wrapped with aluminum foil served as dark controls. The dark controls and four remaining quartz tubes were exposed to sunlight for 8 to 30 hours in a circulating water bath. At the end of an exposure experiment, a 15 milliliter (mL) aliquot of each sample was collected and stored frozen or at room temperature after acidification until the analysis for acrylate concentrations. Nitrate and nitrite actinometer solutions were irradiated along with the quartz tubes to determine photon exposure between 311 and 333 nm and between 330 and 380 nm, respectively (Jankowski et al. 1999; Kieber et al. 2007).</p>
<p><strong>Acrylate quantification</strong>: A precolumn derivatization HPLC method was used to quantify acrylate (Tyssebotn et al. 2017; Xue and Kieber, 2021). Briefly, 300 µL of thiosalicylic acid reagent (20 mM) was added to a 3 mL seawater sample in a Qorpak borosilicate vial with the pH adjusted to 4.0. Samples were incubated in a 90 <sup>o</sup>C water bath for 6 hours. After the reacted sample was filtered through a 0.2 µm Nylon filter, 1 mL of the sample was injected into a Shimadzu reverse-phase HPLC with UV detection at 257 nm. The limit of detection for this method was 0.2 nM for an injection volume of 1 mL.</p>
<p>All samples were irradiated on the rooftop of the Jahn Laboratory in Syracuse, NY, except for the Pacific Ocean and Mo'orea coral reef samples (these two samples were irradiated in a water bath at the Gump Research Station). Seawater samples were filtered through a 0.2 m Nylon filter and stored in a pre-baked glass bottle with no headspace.&nbsp; All samples were irradiated on the rooftop of the Jahn Laboratory in Syracuse, NY, except for the Pacific Ocean and Mo'orea coral reef samples (these two samples were irradiated in a water bath at the Gump Research Station. <em>a</em>330 is the absorption coefficient at 330 nm of each 0.2 µm-filtered seawater sample. Photon-based production rates were calculated by dividing the acrylate production by the photon exposure between 330 and 380 nm determined by nitrite actinometry. To determine the photochemical production of acrylate in seawater, four samples were exposed to sunlight for 8 - 30 hours; four samples were wrapped in aluminum foil to serve as dark controls. The sunlight photon exposures for each sunlight-exposure experiment between 311 and 333 nm and between 330 and 380 nm were determined using nitrate and nitrite actinometry. The concentration of acrylate produced in an experiment was calculated as the acrylate concentration in each light sample at the end of irradiation minus the average concentration in the dark controls. The hourly rate of acrylate production is determined by dividing the amount of acrylate produced by the time of sunlight exposure in sunlight exposure time in hours. The photon-based rate of acrylate production is equal to 1000 times the amount of acrylate produced divided by the nitrite photon exposure.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1756907 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1756907
completed
David J. Kieber
State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry
315-470-6951
Chemistry Department One Forestry Drive
Syracuse
NY
13210
USA
djkieber@esf.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
Sampling_Date_Start
Sampling_Date_End
Cruise_ID_Vessel_name
Sampling_Site
Latitude
Longitude
Salinity
Date_Sample_Exposed_Sunlight_Start
Date_Sample_Exposed_Sunlight_End
a330
Sunlight_Exposure_Time
Light_Exposed_Sample_Replicate_1
Light_Exposed_Sample_Replicate_2
Light_Exposed_Sample_Replicate_3
Light_Exposed_Sample_Replicate_4
Dark_Control_Replicate_1
Dark_Control_Replicate_2
Dark_Control_Replicate_3
Dark_Control_Replicate_4
Average_Dark_Control
Acrylate_Produced_Rep1
Acrylate_Produced_Rep2
Acrylate_Produced_Rep3
Acrylate_Produced_Rep4
Average_1
Std_Dev_1
Acrylate_Production_Rate_Hourly_Rep1
Acrylate_Production_Rate_Hourly_Rep2
Acrylate_Production_Rate_Hourly_Rep3
Acrylate_Production_Rate_Hourly_Rep4
Average_2
Std_Dev_2
photon_exposures_311_333_nm
photon_exposures_330_380_nm
Acrylate_Production_Rate_Photon_Based_Rep1
Acrylate_Production_Rate_Photon_Based_Rep2
Acrylate_Production_Rate_Photon_Based_Rep3
Acrylate_Production_Rate_Photon_Based_Rep4
Average_3
Std_Dev_3
Shimadzu Prominence
Niskin bottles
theme
None, User defined
date
Cruise identfier
site
latitude
longitude
bottle salinity
No BCO-DMO term
time of day
mean
standard deviation
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
High-Performance Liquid Chromatograph
Niskin bottle
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
United States Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study
http://www.us-solas.org/
United States Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study
The Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) program is designed to enable researchers from different disciplines to interact and investigate the multitude of processes and interactions between the coupled ocean and atmosphere.
Oceanographers and atmospheric scientists are working together to improve understanding of the fate, transport, and feedbacks of climate relevant compounds, and also weather and hazards that are affected by processes at the surface ocean.
Oceanographers and atmospheric scientists are working together to improve understanding of the fate, transport, and feedbacks of climate relevant compounds.
Physical, chemical, and biological research near the ocean-atmosphere interface must be performed in synergy to extend our current knowledge to adequately understand and forecast changes on short and long time frames and over local and global spatial scales.
The findings obtained from SOLAS are used to improve knowledge at process scale that will lead to better quantification of fluxes of climate relevant compounds such as CO2, sulfur and nitrogen compounds, hydrocarbons and halocarbons, as well as dust, energy and momentum. This activity facilitates a fundamental understanding to assist the societal needs for climate change, environmental health, weather prediction, and national security.
The US SOLAS program is a component of the International SOLAS program where collaborations are forged with investigators around the world to examine SOLAS issues ubiquitous to the world's oceans and atmosphere.
» International SOLAS Web site
Science Implementation Strategy Reports
US-SOLAS (4 MB PDF file)
Other SOLAS reports are available for download from the US SOLAS Web site
U.S. SOLAS
largerWorkCitation
program
Photolysis and Photoproduction of Acrylate in Seawater and their Impact on the Marine Organosulfur Cycle
https://mooreareefresearch.wordpress.com/
Photolysis and Photoproduction of Acrylate in Seawater and their Impact on the Marine Organosulfur Cycle
<p>NSF Award Abstract:</p>
<p>This project would investigate the marine chemistry of the compound acrylate. Acrylate is a mostly overlooked by-product of a very well-studied process through which a compound known as DMSP (dimethylsulfoniopropionate), a compound produced by phytoplankton, is converted to the gas dimethylsulfide (known as DMS). This process is an important part of understanding the marine cycling of sulfur, and DMS plays a role in cloud formation and climate. Thus, these aspects of the conversion of DMSP to DMS have received considerable attention. On the other hand, very little is known about acrylate concentrations, fluxes, or impacts in the oceans, even though it is produced during the conversion of DMSP to DMS. Acrylate concentrations and fluxes should at times be substantial, especially in shallow-water coral reefs or during blooms of DMSP-rich phytoplankton that are common throughout the world's oceans and often harmful or toxic. It is likely that acrylate is a reactive form of marine organic matter that significantly impacts the carbon cycle and ecology of the upper ocean. This project will foster research and educational opportunities for undergraduates and one graduate student through several avenues including field work with international collaborators, attendance at national and local meetings, mentoring, preparing for and delivering college-level lectures, and presentations made to the general public at forums such as Syracuse's Milton J. Rubenstein Museum of Science. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, media communications, web-based data bases, and presentations at scientific meetings, public forums and in the classroom.</p>
<p>A three-year project is proposed to study the effect of sunlight on the formation and loss of acrylate in seawater, to model these processes in the water column, and to determine if photoproduction and photolysis are important pathways in the marine acrylate cycle in a shallow-water coral reef. Four objectives are planned to carry out this research: (1) synthesize radiocarbon-labeled DMSP as a source of radiocarbon-labeled acrylate for photolysis and uptake studies; (2) conduct laboratory experiments using a solar simulator to study the photolysis and photoproduction of acrylate in water and seawater under varying conditions (e.g., pH, temperature, oxygen concentration); (3) determine temperature and wavelength-dependent quantum yields for acrylate photolysis and acrylate photoproduction in seawater using a monochromatic irradiation system; and (4) conduct a field study at the Richard Gump Research Station to determine rates of photolysis, photoproduction and microbial consumption of acrylate in a shallow-water coral reef.</p>
Impact Acrylate in Seawater
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
-153.04
-67.48
-17.5
55.85
2011-09-11
2018-04-25
Gump Research Station on the island of Mo’orea in French Polynesia (17.50 °S, 149.833 °W), State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry (43.034° N, 76.137° W)
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Photochemical production rates of acrylate in seawater following exposure to sunlight from a variety of marine environments between 2011-2018.
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/873021.rdf
Name: Sampling_Date_Start
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Date of sampling</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/873022.rdf
Name: Sampling_Date_End
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Date of sampling end</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/873023.rdf
Name: Cruise_ID_Vessel_name
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Name of research vessel (cruise ID)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/873024.rdf
Name: Sampling_Site
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Sampling region (GOM denotes the Gulf of Mexico)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/873025.rdf
Name: Latitude
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>sample collection location, North (South is negative)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/873026.rdf
Name: Longitude
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>sample collection location, East (West is negative)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/873027.rdf
Name: Salinity
Units: parts per thousand (ppt)
Description: <p>salinity of sample</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/873028.rdf
Name: Date_Sample_Exposed_Sunlight_Start
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Date that sample was exposed to sunlight</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/873029.rdf
Name: Date_Sample_Exposed_Sunlight_End
Units: unitless
Description: <p>End Date that sample was exposed to sunlight</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/873030.rdf
Name: a330
Units: m-1
Description: <p>the absorption coefficient at 330 nm of each 0.2 µm-filtered seawater sample</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/873031.rdf
Name: Sunlight_Exposure_Time
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Duration of sunlight exposure (between 8 and 30 hours)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/873032.rdf
Name: Light_Exposed_Sample_Replicate_1
Units: Nanomolar (nM)
Description: <p>Acrylate Concentration in Light-exposed samples</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/873033.rdf
Name: Light_Exposed_Sample_Replicate_2
Units: Nanomolar (nM)
Description: <p>Acrylate Concentration in Light-exposed samples</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/873034.rdf
Name: Light_Exposed_Sample_Replicate_3
Units: Nanomolar (nM)
Description: <p>Acrylate Concentration in Light-exposed samples</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/873035.rdf
Name: Light_Exposed_Sample_Replicate_4
Units: Nanomolar (nM)
Description: <p>Acrylate Concentration in Light-exposed samples</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/873036.rdf
Name: Dark_Control_Replicate_1
Units: Nanomolar (nM)
Description: <p>Acrylate Concentration in Dark Controls</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/873037.rdf
Name: Dark_Control_Replicate_2
Units: Nanomolar (nM)
Description: <p>Acrylate Concentration in Dark Controls</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/873038.rdf
Name: Dark_Control_Replicate_3
Units: Nanomolar (nM)
Description: <p>Acrylate Concentration in Dark Controls</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/873039.rdf
Name: Dark_Control_Replicate_4
Units: Nanomolar (nM)
Description: <p>Acrylate Concentration in Dark Controls</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/873040.rdf
Name: Average_Dark_Control
Units: Nanomolar (nM)
Description: <p>average concentration of dark control samples</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/873041.rdf
Name: Acrylate_Produced_Rep1
Units: Nanomolar (nM)
Description: <p>the concentration of acrylate produced in an experiment, calculated as the acrylate concentration of "Light_Exposed_Sample_Replicate_1" at the end of an irradiation minus the average concentration in the dark controls ("Average_Dark_Control")</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/873042.rdf
Name: Acrylate_Produced_Rep2
Units: Nanomolar (nM)
Description: <p>the concentration of acrylate produced in an experiment, calculated as the acrylate concentration of "Light_Exposed_Sample_Replicate_2" at the end of an irradiation minus the average concentration in the dark controls ("Average_Dark_Control")</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/873043.rdf
Name: Acrylate_Produced_Rep3
Units: Nanomolar (nM)
Description: <p>the concentration of acrylate produced in an experiment, calculated as the acrylate concentration of "Light_Exposed_Sample_Replicate_3" at the end of an irradiation minus the average concentration in the dark controls ("Average_Dark_Control")</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/873044.rdf
Name: Acrylate_Produced_Rep4
Units: Nanomolar (nM)
Description: <p>the concentration of acrylate produced in an experiment, calculated as the acrylate concentration of "Light_Exposed_Sample_Replicate_4" at the end of an irradiation minus the average concentration in the dark controls ("Average_Dark_Control")</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/873045.rdf
Name: Average_1
Units: Nanomolar (nM)
Description: <p>Average of replicate samples</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/873046.rdf
Name: Std_Dev_1
Units: Nanomolar (nM)
Description: <p>Standard deviation (n=4)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/873047.rdf
Name: Acrylate_Production_Rate_Hourly_Rep1
Units: Nanomolar per hour (nM h-1)
Description: <p>The hourly rate of acrylate production determined by dividing the amount of acrylate produced ("Acrylate_Produced_Rep1") by the time of sunlight exposure ("Sunlight_Exposure_Time")</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/873048.rdf
Name: Acrylate_Production_Rate_Hourly_Rep2
Units: Nanomolar per hour (nM h-1)
Description: <p>The hourly rate of acrylate production determined by dividing the amount of acrylate produced ("Acrylate_Produced_Rep2") by the time of sunlight exposure ("Sunlight_Exposure_Time")</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/873049.rdf
Name: Acrylate_Production_Rate_Hourly_Rep3
Units: Nanomolar per hour (nM h-1)
Description: <p>The hourly rate of acrylate production determined by dividing the amount of acrylate produced ("Acrylate_Produced_Rep3") by the time of sunlight exposure ("Sunlight_Exposure_Time")</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/873050.rdf
Name: Acrylate_Production_Rate_Hourly_Rep4
Units: Nanomolar per hour (nM h-1)
Description: <p>The hourly rate of acrylate production determined by dividing the amount of acrylate produced ("Acrylate_Produced_Rep4") by the time of sunlight exposure ("Sunlight_Exposure_Time")</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/873051.rdf
Name: Average_2
Units: Nanomolar per hour (nM h-1)
Description: <p>Average of replicate samples</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/873052.rdf
Name: Std_Dev_2
Units: Nanomolar per hour (nM h-1)
Description: <p>Standard deviation (n=4)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/873053.rdf
Name: photon_exposures_311_333_nm
Units: Micromole quanta per square centimeter (µmol quanta cm-2)
Description: <p>The sunlight photon exposures for each sunlight-exposure experiment between 311 and 333 nm were determined using nitrate</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/873054.rdf
Name: photon_exposures_330_380_nm
Units: Micromole quanta per square centimeter (µmol quanta cm-2)
Description: <p>The sunlight photon exposures for each sunlight-exposure experiment between 330 and 380 nm were determined using nitrite actinometry</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/873055.rdf
Name: Acrylate_Production_Rate_Photon_Based_Rep1
Units: Picomolar per micromole quanta per square centimeter (pM (µmol quanta cm-2)-1)
Description: <p>The photon-based rate of acrylate production is equal to 1000 times the amount of acrylate produced ("Acrylate_Produced_Rep1") divided by the nitrite photon exposure (330-380 nm)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/873056.rdf
Name: Acrylate_Production_Rate_Photon_Based_Rep2
Units: Picomolar per micromole quanta per square centimeter (pM (µmol quanta cm-2)-1)
Description: <p>The photon-based rate of acrylate production is equal to 1000 times the amount of acrylate produced "(Acrylate_Produced_Rep2") divided by the nitrite photon exposure (330-380 nm)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/873057.rdf
Name: Acrylate_Production_Rate_Photon_Based_Rep3
Units: Picomolar per micromole quanta per square centimeter (pM (µmol quanta cm-2)-1)
Description: <p>The photon-based rate of acrylate production is equal to 1000 times the amount of acrylate produced ("Acrylate_Produced_Rep3") divided by the nitrite photon exposure (330-380 nm)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/873058.rdf
Name: Acrylate_Production_Rate_Photon_Based_Rep4
Units: Picomolar per micromole quanta per square centimeter (pM (µmol quanta cm-2)-1)
Description: <p>The photon-based rate of acrylate production is equal to 1000 times the amount of acrylate produced (Acrylate_Produced_Rep4") divided by the nitrite photon exposure (330-380 nm)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/873059.rdf
Name: Average_3
Units: Picomolar per micromole quanta per square centimeter (pM (µmol quanta cm-2)-1)
Description: <p>Average of replicate samples</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/873060.rdf
Name: Std_Dev_3
Units: Picomolar per micromole quanta per square centimeter (pM (µmol quanta cm-2)-1)
Description: <p>Standard deviation (n=4)</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
3247
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/bitstream/1912/28458/1/dataset-871691_photochemical-production-rates-acrylate-seawater__v1.tsv
download
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.871691.1
download
onLine
dataset
<p><strong>Sample collection</strong>: Sea-surface water samples were collected in Niskin bottles during cruises in the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, and the Gulf of Mexico. For a map of the sample, locations see Xue and Kieber 2021 (Figure S1). In the coral reef and Pacific Ocean samples offshore from the island of Mo’orea (French Polynesia), samples from the surface were hand-collected using a polypropylene bucket and then poured into an opaque polypropylene bottle. All water samples were gravity filtered through a 0.2 µm POLYCAP 75 AS Nylon filter into Qorpak glass bottles. Filtered samples were stored in dark at 4 degrees C until use, except for the Mo’orea samples which were used the same day in sunlight exposure experiments. The polypropylene bucket and bottles were rinsed several times using high-purity laboratory water (Milli-Q) and seawater prior to use. All glass bottles were rinsed using Milli-Q and baked at 550 degrees C for 6 hours.</p>
<p><strong>Photochemical experiments</strong>: 0.2 µm-filtered samples were gently pulled into eight Teflon-sealed quartz tubes (Kieber et al. 1997) with no headspaces. Four quartz tubes wrapped with aluminum foil served as dark controls. The dark controls and four remaining quartz tubes were exposed to sunlight for 8 to 30 hours in a circulating water bath. At the end of an exposure experiment, a 15 milliliter (mL) aliquot of each sample was collected and stored frozen or at room temperature after acidification until the analysis for acrylate concentrations. Nitrate and nitrite actinometer solutions were irradiated along with the quartz tubes to determine photon exposure between 311 and 333 nm and between 330 and 380 nm, respectively (Jankowski et al. 1999; Kieber et al. 2007).</p>
<p><strong>Acrylate quantification</strong>: A precolumn derivatization HPLC method was used to quantify acrylate (Tyssebotn et al. 2017; Xue and Kieber, 2021). Briefly, 300 µL of thiosalicylic acid reagent (20 mM) was added to a 3 mL seawater sample in a Qorpak borosilicate vial with the pH adjusted to 4.0. Samples were incubated in a 90 <sup>o</sup>C water bath for 6 hours. After the reacted sample was filtered through a 0.2 µm Nylon filter, 1 mL of the sample was injected into a Shimadzu reverse-phase HPLC with UV detection at 257 nm. The limit of detection for this method was 0.2 nM for an injection volume of 1 mL.</p>
<p>All samples were irradiated on the rooftop of the Jahn Laboratory in Syracuse, NY, except for the Pacific Ocean and Mo'orea coral reef samples (these two samples were irradiated in a water bath at the Gump Research Station). Seawater samples were filtered through a 0.2 m Nylon filter and stored in a pre-baked glass bottle with no headspace.&nbsp; All samples were irradiated on the rooftop of the Jahn Laboratory in Syracuse, NY, except for the Pacific Ocean and Mo'orea coral reef samples (these two samples were irradiated in a water bath at the Gump Research Station. <em>a</em>330 is the absorption coefficient at 330 nm of each 0.2 µm-filtered seawater sample. Photon-based production rates were calculated by dividing the acrylate production by the photon exposure between 330 and 380 nm determined by nitrite actinometry. To determine the photochemical production of acrylate in seawater, four samples were exposed to sunlight for 8 - 30 hours; four samples were wrapped in aluminum foil to serve as dark controls. The sunlight photon exposures for each sunlight-exposure experiment between 311 and 333 nm and between 330 and 380 nm were determined using nitrate and nitrite actinometry. The concentration of acrylate produced in an experiment was calculated as the acrylate concentration in each light sample at the end of irradiation minus the average concentration in the dark controls. The hourly rate of acrylate production is determined by dividing the amount of acrylate produced by the time of sunlight exposure in sunlight exposure time in hours. The photon-based rate of acrylate production is equal to 1000 times the amount of acrylate produced divided by the nitrite photon exposure.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p><strong>BCO-DMO processing description:</strong><br />
- Converted dates to YYYY-MM-DD format<br />
- Adjusted field/parameter names to comply with BCO-DMO naming conventions<br />
- Converted longitude values to East to comply with BCO-DMO standards<br />
- Added a conventional header with dataset name, PI names, version date<br />
&nbsp;</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
Shimadzu Prominence
Shimadzu Prominence
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Shimadzu Prominence PI Supplied Instrument Description:Shimadzu Prominence high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system with a model SPD-20A/V UV-Vis absorbance detector set at 257 nm. Instrument Name: High-Performance Liquid Chromatograph Instrument Short Name:HPLC Instrument Description: A High-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) is a type of liquid chromatography used to separate compounds that are dissolved in solution. HPLC instruments consist of a reservoir of the mobile phase, a pump, an injector, a separation column, and a detector. Compounds are separated by high pressure pumping of the sample mixture onto a column packed with microspheres coated with the stationary phase. The different components in the mixture pass through the column at different rates due to differences in their partitioning behavior between the mobile liquid phase and the stationary phase. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB11/
Niskin bottles
Niskin bottles
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Niskin bottles PI Supplied Instrument Description: Sea-surface water samples were collected in Niskin bottles during cruises in the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, and the Gulf of Mexico Instrument Name: Niskin bottle Instrument Short Name:Niskin bottle Instrument Description: A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24, or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0412/