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            <gco:CharacterString>Cite this dataset as: Veglia, A. J., Beavers, K., Mydlarz, L., Correa, A. M. (2022) Viral consortia in Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease- affected, disease-exposed, and disease-unexposed coral colonies from a transmission experiment conducted on samples collected from Rupert’s Rock in St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands in 2019. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2022-06-29 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.875283.1 [access date]</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>Viral Consortia in Stony Corals Dataset Description:  Methods and Sampling: &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;This dataset represents collections of &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Montastraea cavernosa&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;,&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Porites astreoides&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;, and &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Pseudodiploria strigosa&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; colonies, no larger than 25 centimeters (cm) × 25 centimeters (cm), from Rupert’s Rock (18°19′39.6ʺN 64°55′33.5ʺW) in St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands.&amp;amp;nbsp; The corals were collected by divers on SCUBA with hammers and chisels (March 2019) and preserved for analysis in April 2019.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Methodology:&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Samples were preprocessed by Novogene Co., Ltd. (Davis, CA, USA) for mRNA enrichment using polyA tail capture; the mRNA libraries underwent 150-bp, paired-end sequencing on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 instrument using the NEBNext Ultra II RNA library prep kit.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sampling and analytical procedures:&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Samples were flash frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80 degrees C until further processing. Total RNA was extracted using the RNAqueous-4PCR total RNA isolation kit (Invitrogen, Life Technologies AM1914). Tissues were lysed using a refrigerated Qiagen TissueLyser II microcentrifuge at 30 oscillations per second for 30 seconds. The elution stage consisted of two consecutive 30-milliliter (mL) elutions. Contaminating DNA and chromatin were removed from the total RNA using the Ambion DNase I (RNase-free) kit (Invitrogen, Life Technologies AM2222).&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;A combination of reads from stony coral tissue loss disease affected, stony coral tissue loss disease exposed and control (unexposed) holobiont metatranscriptomes (&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Montastraea cavernosa&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Porites astreoides&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Pseudodiploria strigosa&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;) were generated from the following samples: Mcav_c3, Mcav_c6, Mcav_c7, Mcav_d2, Mcav_d3, Mcav_d4, Mcav_d6, Mcav_d8, Past_c6, Past_d4, Past_d6 and Pstrig_d5 and given the NCBI accession number: OM030231.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;A combination of reads from stony coral tissue loss disease affected, stony coral tissue loss disease exposed and control (unexposed) holobiont metatranscriptomes (&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Montastraea caverno&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;sa, &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Porites astreoides&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Pseudodiploria strigosa&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;) were generated from the following samples: Mcav_c3, Mcav_c6, Mcav_c7, Mcav_d2, Mcav_d3, Mcav_d4, Mcav_d6, Mcav_d8, Past_c6, Past_d4 and Pstrig_d5 and given the NCBI accession number: OM030232.&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Sequence data is available in NCBI Genbank under BioProject accession PRJNA788911 and including NCBI SRA run SRR17230316 - SRR17230326.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/award/811138.rdf" xlink:title="OCE-1928609" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1928609 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1928609</gmx:Anchor>
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Coral reef ecosystems provide substantial economic resources to the societies of the United States Virgin Islands (USVI) and other US locations in the forms of tourism, fishing and coastal protection. However, reefs are among the most threatened marine environments, and coral disease is having a devastating impact on these valued systems. In early 2019, a multi-species rapid tissue loss disease matching the description of stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) was found severely affecting a reef off the southwest coast of St. Thomas in the US Virgin Islands (USVI). SCTLD has been devastating coral reef communities in southeast Florida for the last four years, and was very recently reported from disparate areas around the Caribbean, including Mexico, Jamaica, and St. Martin. Rapid surveys by the investigators at the University of the Virgin Islands believe that a 50 km2 area southwest of St. Thomas is the initial incidence area of the disease, but will likely spread across the USVI, British Virgin Islands, and Puerto Rico. This study performs experiments to understand how this disease affects coral species immune traits and compares the microbiology and physiology of disease samples in the USVI to samples from Florida. It also examines how changing the species composition of a coral community affects the spread and impact of the disease. The overall aim is to produce a model to predict the impact of multi-species disease spread on reefs based on coral species assemblages. The project contributes to the research training of at least 2 undergraduates, 2 M.S. students, and 3 Ph.D. students, who benefit from cross-investigator mentoring. The research team includes representatives to the Coral Disease Advisory Committees for the USVI and Florida, which ensures rapid communication of findings to management bodies in both regions.&lt;/p&gt;
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                <gco:CharacterString>&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;This dataset represents collections of &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Montastraea cavernosa&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;,&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Porites astreoides&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;, and &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Pseudodiploria strigosa&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; colonies, no larger than 25 centimeters (cm) × 25 centimeters (cm), from Rupert’s Rock (18°19′39.6ʺN 64°55′33.5ʺW) in St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands.&amp;amp;nbsp; The corals were collected by divers on SCUBA with hammers and chisels (March 2019) and preserved for analysis in April 2019.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Methodology:&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Samples were preprocessed by Novogene Co., Ltd. (Davis, CA, USA) for mRNA enrichment using polyA tail capture; the mRNA libraries underwent 150-bp, paired-end sequencing on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 instrument using the NEBNext Ultra II RNA library prep kit.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sampling and analytical procedures:&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Samples were flash frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80 degrees C until further processing. Total RNA was extracted using the RNAqueous-4PCR total RNA isolation kit (Invitrogen, Life Technologies AM1914). Tissues were lysed using a refrigerated Qiagen TissueLyser II microcentrifuge at 30 oscillations per second for 30 seconds. The elution stage consisted of two consecutive 30-milliliter (mL) elutions. Contaminating DNA and chromatin were removed from the total RNA using the Ambion DNase I (RNase-free) kit (Invitrogen, Life Technologies AM2222).&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;A combination of reads from stony coral tissue loss disease affected, stony coral tissue loss disease exposed and control (unexposed) holobiont metatranscriptomes (&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Montastraea cavernosa&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Porites astreoides&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Pseudodiploria strigosa&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;) were generated from the following samples: Mcav_c3, Mcav_c6, Mcav_c7, Mcav_d2, Mcav_d3, Mcav_d4, Mcav_d6, Mcav_d8, Past_c6, Past_d4, Past_d6 and Pstrig_d5 and given the NCBI accession number: OM030231.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;A combination of reads from stony coral tissue loss disease affected, stony coral tissue loss disease exposed and control (unexposed) holobiont metatranscriptomes (&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Montastraea caverno&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;sa, &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Porites astreoides&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Pseudodiploria strigosa&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;) were generated from the following samples: Mcav_c3, Mcav_c6, Mcav_c7, Mcav_d2, Mcav_d3, Mcav_d4, Mcav_d6, Mcav_d8, Past_c6, Past_d4 and Pstrig_d5 and given the NCBI accession number: OM030232.&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Sequence data is available in NCBI Genbank under BioProject accession PRJNA788911 and including NCBI SRA run SRR17230316 - SRR17230326.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Data Processing:&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
All bioinformatic tools were run using default parameters unless otherwise specified. BBSplit (BBMap v38.90) was used to map quality-filtered (fastp v0.20.1) reads to coral or Symbiodiniaceae transcriptomes and generate three read files: (i) coral, (ii) Symbiodiniaceae, and (iii) noncoral/non-Symbiodiniaceae. Noncoral/non-Symbiodiniaceae reads were combined and normalized using BBnorm.sh within BBMap. Normalized reads were assembled using the program TransPi. Multiple assemblies were generated using rnaSPADES v3.14.0 (kmer: 75,85,91,107 nucleotides), Trans-ABySS v2.0.1 (kmer: 25,35,55,75,85 nucleotides), SOAPdenovo-Trans v1.03 (kmer: 25,35,55,75,85 nucleotides), Trinity v2.9.1 (kmer: 35 nucleotides), and Velvet v1.2.12/Oases v0.2.09 (kmer: 65,71,81,87,91,97,101 nucleotides). The multiple assemblies were concatenated into a single file, and the EvidentialGene tr2aacds pipeline v2019.05.14 was used to collapse duplicates and remove misassembled contigs from the assembly file. VirSorter2 was used to detect RNA viruses from the nonredundant metatranscriptome-assembly file (minimum length, 300 nucleotides). Viral genomes similar to known members of the Alphaflexiviridae were identified by aligning translated open reading frames (ORFs) to the proteic version of the Reference Virus Database with DIAMOND BLASTx v2.0.11.149 in “ultra-sensitive” mode. Cenote-Taker 2 was used to annotate identified viral genomes with similarity to the Alphaflexiviridae and calculate the genome coverage using the normalized reads. The alphaflexivirus read count per sample library was estimated by mapping nonnormalized reads to the nonredundant assembly using bowtie2 with the align_and_estimate_abundance.pl script.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;BCO-DMO Processing:&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
- Converted dates to format (YYYY-MM-DD)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
- Adjusted field/parameter names to comply with BCO-DMO naming conventions&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
- Missing data identifier ‘NA’ replaced with 'nd' (BCO-DMO's default missing data identifier)&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
- Added a conventional header with dataset name, PI names, version date&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
- Latitude and longitude columns were split from the location columns&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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				    <gco:CharacterString>info@bco-dmo.org</gco:CharacterString>
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              <gmd:URL>http://www.bco-dmo.org</gmd:URL>
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        <gco:CharacterString>Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm</gco:CharacterString>
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              <gmd:code>
                <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/instrument/565.rdf" xlink:title="Manual Biota Sampler" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Hammer and Chisel</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gco:CharacterString>PI Supplied Instrument Name: Hammer and Chisel Instrument Name: Manual Biota Sampler Instrument Short Name:Manual Biota Sampler   Instrument Description: &quot;Manual Biota Sampler&quot; indicates that a sample was collected in situ by a person, possibly using a hand-held collection device such as a jar, a net, or their hands. This term could also refer to a simple tool like a hammer, saw, or other hand-held tool. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/90/</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/instrument/881786.rdf" xlink:title="Qiagen TissueLyser II" xlink:actuate="onRequest"></gmx:Anchor>
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            <gco:CharacterString>PI Supplied Instrument Name:  Instrument Name: Qiagen TissueLyser II Instrument Short Name:   Instrument Description: The Qiagen TissueLyser II is a tissue processor designed to disrupt biological samples through high-speed shaking in plastic tubes with stainless steel, tungsten carbide, or glass beads. It is used for high-throughput disruption of human, animal, and plant tissues, bacteria, and yeast to access biological information for genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics applications. It automates the purification of DNA, RNA, and protein from 1 to 96 samples. Disruption and homogenization are achieved through the beating and grinding effect of beads on the sample material as they are shaken together in the grinding vessels. Using the appropriate adapter set, up to 48 or 192 samples can be processed at the same time. Alternatively, a grinding jar set can be used to process large samples. A range of beads, bead dispensers, and collection microtubes and caps are also available. It can be programmed to provide variable speeds from 3 to 30 Hz (180-1800 oscillations per minute) and run times from 10 seconds to 99 minutes.</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>PI Supplied Instrument Name:  Instrument Name: Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus Instrument Short Name:SCUBA   Instrument Description: The self-contained underwater breathing apparatus or scuba diving system is the result of technological developments and innovations that began almost 300 years ago. Scuba diving is the most extensively used system for breathing underwater by recreational divers throughout the world and in various forms is also widely used to perform underwater work for military, scientific, and commercial purposes.

Reference: https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/technology/technical/technical.html</gco:CharacterString>
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