http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/875391 eng; USA utf8 dataset Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact 2022-06-08 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Erodibility of sediments collected from the Northern Gulf of Mexico following laboratory resuspension at the Dauphin Island Sea Lab in 2020 2025-08-25 publication 2025-08-25 revision Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA) 2025-08-27 publication https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.875391.1 Kelly Dorgan Dauphin Island Sea Lab principalInvestigator Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. publisher Cite this dataset as: Dorgan, K., Clemo, W. C. (2025) Erodibility of sediments collected from the Northern Gulf of Mexico following laboratory resuspension at the Dauphin Island Sea Lab in 2020. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2025-08-25 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.875391.1 [access date] Sediment resuspension erosion Dataset Description: Methods and Sampling: &lt;p&gt;Sediment cores were collected from 10 meters (m) depth in the northern Gulf of Mexico offshore of Dauphin Island, Alabama, in cohesive muddy sediment on January 26, 2020 (30° 13.333' N, 88° 8.348' W). Cores were collected from a Dauphin Island Sea Lab vessel, the R/V Alabama Discovery. Polycarbonate sediment cores (9.6 centimeter (cm) inner diameter x 60 cm height) were collected using an MC-400 multicorer (Ocean Instruments, Fall City, WA).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;We resuspended the surface 5 cm of natural muddy sediment cores in the lab and compared temporal changes in sediment compaction to changes in surface and subsurface cohesion over 30 days post resuspension. Sediment-water interface (SWI) height and acoustic sound speed through sediment, which depends on bulk density, provided continuous and nondestructive metrics of compaction, and sediment porosity and grain size were measured destructively to characterize sediment physical structure. We determined surface cohesion by measuring both eroded mass and turbidity resulting from increasing shear stress. Subsurface cohesion was determined from the force required for sediments to fail in tension. We compared surface and subsurface exopolymeric substance (EPS) concentrations to surface and subsurface cohesion measurements. We differentiated between water-soluble (colloidal) and sediment-bound EPS as we expected bound EPS to contribute more to sediment-organic matrix development and thus cohesion because they are directly bound to sediment grains rather than dissolved in porewater.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;These data include the erosion measurements from this experiment. A summary of data collected on cores processed over time points 0 days (no resuspension), then 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, and 30 days post resuspension is given in dataset 1. Repeated non-destructive measurements of sediment-water interface height and sound speed on cores processed on day 30 are provided in separate datasets.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;To examine changes in sediment surface cohesion, we measured total eroded mass and turbidity using a custom-built Gust erosion chamber (Fig. 2 B, Gust &amp;amp; Muller 1997, Thomsen &amp;amp; Gust 2000, U-GEMS Manual, Green Eyes, LLC, 2015). Cores were capped with the erosion chamber cap in which a rotating disc generated increasing levels of shear stress (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.45, 0.6 Pa). Each stress level was maintained for 20 minutes before increasing to the next level. At each stress level, water and eroded material were removed by a pump at the center of the disc 10 centimeters (cm) above the sediment surface. This effluent passed through a C-Star transmissometer (Sea-Bird Scientific, Bellevue, WA, USA) recording light attenuation coefficient (m-1) at 650 nanometers (nm) to determine turbidity over time and was then captured for later filtration. An initial 0.01 Pa interval was used as a flushing step and not filtered, but seawater used to replace the effluent was filtered to determine background suspended sediment concentration.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Total eroded mass at each stress level was obtained by filtering the effluent through 47-millimeter (mm) Whatman GF/F filters (1.5 micrometer (μm) pore size). Filters were dried at 65 degrees Celsius (°C) for 24 hours, then weighed. We calculated suspended sediment concentration, Cs (kilograms per cubic meter (kg m-3)), for each core at each stress level from the dry mass (kg) of filtered sediment divided by the volume (m-3) of water filtered. Cs was converted to eroded mass per area (E; kg m-2):&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;(3) E=(C_s V_c)/A_c&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;where Vc is chamber volume (7.24 x10-4 m3), and Ac is sediment surface area within the core (7.24 x 10-3 m2). To generate specific shear stresses, we set cap rotation and pumping rate using calibration equations from the University of Maryland Center of Environmental Science Gust Erosion Microcosm System (U-GEMS) Manual (Green Eyes, LLC, 2015):&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;(4) u_15^*=0.0318n^0.763&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;(5) Q=-28.31u_15^(*2)+170.2u_15^*-23.85&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;where u*15 is shear velocity at 15 °C (cm s-1), n is rotations per minute, and Q is pumping rate (mL min-1). Shear velocity at 15 °C was converted to shear velocity at the average water temperature measured during the erosion tests (20 °C) as:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;(6) u_15^*=u_20^* [1+0.006(20-15)]&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;where u*20 is shear velocity at 20 °C (cm s-1) (U-GEMS Manual, Green Eyes, LLC, 2015). Shear stress (τb; Pa) was calculated from shear velocity (u*20; m s-1) and seawater density (ρw; kg m-3) as:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;(7) τ_b=〖ρ_w u_20^*〗^2&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;(U-GEMS Manual, Green Eyes, LLC, 2015).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;We determined turbidity, as suspended sediment concentration (kg m-3), from light attenuation coefficient, measured continuously throughout each stress level. We calibrated the transmissometer with muddy seawater of 4 suspended sediment concentrations (0.0038, 0.018, 0.030, and 0.050 kg m-3) made from sediment from the coring site. We then filtered each muddy water sample following the steps above to determine suspended sediment concentration and determined the relationship of light attenuation and suspended sediment concentration:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;(8) C_s=0.17c+0.0015&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;where Cs is suspended sediment concentration (kg m-3) and c is light attenuation coefficient (m-1).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Instruments: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; These data were collected using a custom-built Gust chamber. For more detail, see Clemo et al., 2022.&lt;/p&gt; Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1844910 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1844910 completed Kelly Dorgan Dauphin Island Sea Lab 251-861-2141 x7553 101 Bienville Blvd Dauphin Island AL 36528-4603 USA kdorgan@disl.org pointOfContact asNeeded Dataset Version: 1 Unknown core latitude longitude water_depth_m date time_day timepoint replicate shearstress_Pa erodedmass cumerodedmass timeturbidity_maxedout timeturbidity_maxedout_fraction MaxSuspSedConc a custom-built Gust chamber MC-400 multicorer theme None, User defined core id latitude longitude depth_w date time_elapsed time_point replicate No BCO-DMO term mass turbidity featureType BCO-DMO Standard Parameters Gust chamber Ocean Instruments MC-400 Multi corer instrument BCO-DMO Standard Instruments otherRestrictions otherRestrictions Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use. CAREER: Mechanisms of bioturbation and ecosystem engineering by benthic infauna https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/811716 CAREER: Mechanisms of bioturbation and ecosystem engineering by benthic infauna <p><em>NSF Award Abstract:</em><br /> Marine sediments are important habitats for abundant and diverse communities of organisms that are important as food sources for higher trophic levels, including commercially important species. Through burrowing, constructing tubes, and feeding on sediments, these animals modify their physical and chemical environments to such an extent that they are considered ecosystem engineers. Bioturbation, the mixing of sediments by animals, is important in regenerating nutrients and transporting pollutants and carbon bound to mineral grains. Despite its importance, our ability to predict bioturbation rates and patterns from the community structure is poor, largely due to a lack of understanding of the mechanisms by which animals mix sediments. This project builds on earlier work showing that animals extend burrows through muddy sediments by fracture to test the hypothesis that the mechanical properties of sediments that affect burrowing mechanics also affect sediment mixing. More broadly, this project examines the relative contributions of (i) the functional roles of the organisms in the community, (ii) the mechanical properties of sediments, and (iii) factors that might increase or decrease animal activity such as temperature and food availability to bioturbation rates. Burrowing animals modify the physical properties of sediments, and this project quantifies these changes and tests the hypothesis that these changes are ecologically important and affect community succession following a disturbance. In addition to this scientific broader impact, this project involves development of instrumentation to measure sediment properties and includes a substantial education plan to introduce graduate, undergraduate, and middle school students to the important role that technology plays in marine science.</p> <p>Through burrowing and feeding activities, benthic infauna mix sediments and modify their physical environments. Bioturbation gates the burial of organic matter, enhances nutrient regeneration, and smears the paleontological and stratigraphic record. However, current understanding of the mechanisms by which infaunal activities mix sediments is insufficient to predict the impacts of changes in infaunal community structure on important sediment ecosystem functions driven by bioturbation. This project tests specific hypotheses relating infaunal communities, bioturbation, and geotechnical properties with the ultimate goal of understanding the dynamic changes and potential feedbacks between infauna and their physical environments. This project integrates field and lab experiments to assess the relative importance of infaunal community structure and activities to bioturbation rates. Additionally, this project builds on recent work showing that muddy sediments are elastic gels through which worms extend burrows by fracture to propose that geotechnical properties of sediments mediate bioturbation by governing the release of particles from the sediment matrix during burrow extension. Finite element modeling determines how the release of particles by fracture during burrowing depends on the fracture toughness (cohesion) and stiffness (compaction) of sediments and complements laboratory experiments characterizing the impact of geotechnical properties on burrowing behaviors. The proposed research also aims to determine whether impacts of infauna on geotechnical properties are ecologically important. Changes in infaunal communities and geotechnical properties following an experimental physical disturbance address the hypothesis that ecosystem engineering of bulk sediment properties facilitates succession.</p> <p>This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.</p> Bioturbation and Ecosystem Engineering largerWorkCitation project eng; USA oceans -88.13913 -88.13913 30.22222 30.22222 2020-01-29 2020-02-27 Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin Island, AL 0 BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Erodibility of sediments collected from the Northern Gulf of Mexico following laboratory resuspension at the Dauphin Island Sea Lab in 2020 Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/983378.rdf Name: core Units: unitless Description: <p>core ID named as &quot;D_samplingday(max30)_replicate(A-E)&quot;</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/983379.rdf Name: latitude Units: decimal degrees Description: <p>Latitude of sample collection</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/983380.rdf Name: longitude Units: decimal degrees Description: <p>Longitude of sample collection</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/983381.rdf Name: water_depth_m Units: meters (m) Description: <p>Water depth in meters</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/983382.rdf Name: date Units: unitless Description: <p>Date of sample collection</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/983383.rdf Name: time_day Units: days Description: <p>time in days since sediment disturbance was performed</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/983384.rdf Name: timepoint Units: unitless Description: <p>time point of experiment (max 30)</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/983385.rdf Name: replicate Units: unitless Description: <p>replicate identifier</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/983386.rdf Name: shearstress_Pa Units: Pascal (Pa) Description: <p>bottom shear stress in Gust chamber</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/983387.rdf Name: erodedmass Units: kilograms per square meter (kg m-2) Description: <p>eroded mass for shear level</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/983388.rdf Name: cumerodedmass Units: kilograms per square meter (kg m-2) Description: <p>cumulative eroded mass for core</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/983389.rdf Name: timeturbidity_maxedout Units: minutes Description: <p>amount of time the reading from the turbidity sensor was maxed out</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/983390.rdf Name: timeturbidity_maxedout_fraction Units: unitless Description: <p>fraction of time the turbidity sensor was maxed out</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/983391.rdf Name: MaxSuspSedConc Units: kilograms per cubic meter (kg m-3) Description: <p>maximum suspended sediment concentration (turbidity sensor reading if not maxed out)</p> GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact 9854 https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/4b870612-ad11-4d16-85b4-a1778188b6a6/content download https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.875391.1 download onLine dataset &lt;p&gt;Sediment cores were collected from 10 meters (m) depth in the northern Gulf of Mexico offshore of Dauphin Island, Alabama, in cohesive muddy sediment on January 26, 2020 (30° 13.333' N, 88° 8.348' W). Cores were collected from a Dauphin Island Sea Lab vessel, the R/V Alabama Discovery. Polycarbonate sediment cores (9.6 centimeter (cm) inner diameter x 60 cm height) were collected using an MC-400 multicorer (Ocean Instruments, Fall City, WA).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;We resuspended the surface 5 cm of natural muddy sediment cores in the lab and compared temporal changes in sediment compaction to changes in surface and subsurface cohesion over 30 days post resuspension. Sediment-water interface (SWI) height and acoustic sound speed through sediment, which depends on bulk density, provided continuous and nondestructive metrics of compaction, and sediment porosity and grain size were measured destructively to characterize sediment physical structure. We determined surface cohesion by measuring both eroded mass and turbidity resulting from increasing shear stress. Subsurface cohesion was determined from the force required for sediments to fail in tension. We compared surface and subsurface exopolymeric substance (EPS) concentrations to surface and subsurface cohesion measurements. We differentiated between water-soluble (colloidal) and sediment-bound EPS as we expected bound EPS to contribute more to sediment-organic matrix development and thus cohesion because they are directly bound to sediment grains rather than dissolved in porewater.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;These data include the erosion measurements from this experiment. A summary of data collected on cores processed over time points 0 days (no resuspension), then 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, and 30 days post resuspension is given in dataset 1. Repeated non-destructive measurements of sediment-water interface height and sound speed on cores processed on day 30 are provided in separate datasets.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;To examine changes in sediment surface cohesion, we measured total eroded mass and turbidity using a custom-built Gust erosion chamber (Fig. 2 B, Gust &amp;amp; Muller 1997, Thomsen &amp;amp; Gust 2000, U-GEMS Manual, Green Eyes, LLC, 2015). Cores were capped with the erosion chamber cap in which a rotating disc generated increasing levels of shear stress (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.45, 0.6 Pa). Each stress level was maintained for 20 minutes before increasing to the next level. At each stress level, water and eroded material were removed by a pump at the center of the disc 10 centimeters (cm) above the sediment surface. This effluent passed through a C-Star transmissometer (Sea-Bird Scientific, Bellevue, WA, USA) recording light attenuation coefficient (m-1) at 650 nanometers (nm) to determine turbidity over time and was then captured for later filtration. An initial 0.01 Pa interval was used as a flushing step and not filtered, but seawater used to replace the effluent was filtered to determine background suspended sediment concentration.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Total eroded mass at each stress level was obtained by filtering the effluent through 47-millimeter (mm) Whatman GF/F filters (1.5 micrometer (μm) pore size). Filters were dried at 65 degrees Celsius (°C) for 24 hours, then weighed. We calculated suspended sediment concentration, Cs (kilograms per cubic meter (kg m-3)), for each core at each stress level from the dry mass (kg) of filtered sediment divided by the volume (m-3) of water filtered. Cs was converted to eroded mass per area (E; kg m-2):&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;(3) E=(C_s V_c)/A_c&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;where Vc is chamber volume (7.24 x10-4 m3), and Ac is sediment surface area within the core (7.24 x 10-3 m2). To generate specific shear stresses, we set cap rotation and pumping rate using calibration equations from the University of Maryland Center of Environmental Science Gust Erosion Microcosm System (U-GEMS) Manual (Green Eyes, LLC, 2015):&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;(4) u_15^*=0.0318n^0.763&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;(5) Q=-28.31u_15^(*2)+170.2u_15^*-23.85&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;where u*15 is shear velocity at 15 °C (cm s-1), n is rotations per minute, and Q is pumping rate (mL min-1). Shear velocity at 15 °C was converted to shear velocity at the average water temperature measured during the erosion tests (20 °C) as:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;(6) u_15^*=u_20^* [1+0.006(20-15)]&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;where u*20 is shear velocity at 20 °C (cm s-1) (U-GEMS Manual, Green Eyes, LLC, 2015). Shear stress (τb; Pa) was calculated from shear velocity (u*20; m s-1) and seawater density (ρw; kg m-3) as:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;(7) τ_b=〖ρ_w u_20^*〗^2&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;(U-GEMS Manual, Green Eyes, LLC, 2015).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;We determined turbidity, as suspended sediment concentration (kg m-3), from light attenuation coefficient, measured continuously throughout each stress level. We calibrated the transmissometer with muddy seawater of 4 suspended sediment concentrations (0.0038, 0.018, 0.030, and 0.050 kg m-3) made from sediment from the coring site. We then filtered each muddy water sample following the steps above to determine suspended sediment concentration and determined the relationship of light attenuation and suspended sediment concentration:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;(8) C_s=0.17c+0.0015&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;where Cs is suspended sediment concentration (kg m-3) and c is light attenuation coefficient (m-1).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Instruments: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; These data were collected using a custom-built Gust chamber. For more detail, see Clemo et al., 2022.&lt;/p&gt; Specified by the Principal Investigator(s) - Imported original file &quot;ClemoResuspensionExperiment2020Erosion.csv&quot; into the BCO-DMO system. - Renamed fields to comply with BCO-DMO naming conventions. - Converted date column to YYYY-MM-DD format. - Rounded numeric columns to 4 decimal places. - Saved the final file as &quot;875391_v1_sediment_resuspension_erosion.csv&quot;. Specified by BCO-DMO Data Managers asNeeded 7.x-1.1 Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact a custom-built Gust chamber a custom-built Gust chamber PI Supplied Instrument Name: a custom-built Gust chamber PI Supplied Instrument Description:These data were collected using a custom-built Gust chamber. For more detail, see Clemo et al., 2022. A DC-motor-controlled rotating disc 10 cm above the core sediment-water interface generates increasing levels of shear stress for 20-minute intervals. Water and suspended material are pumped out of the center of the disc with an adjustable peristaltic pump and passed through a transmissometer to record turbidity. Instrument Name: Gust chamber Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: A Gust chamber is a specialized testing facility used to apply controlled shear stress to sediment samples, often to study erosion and sediment transport in various environments. It helps researchers understand how different conditions affect soil erosion and sediment stability. MC-400 multicorer MC-400 multicorer PI Supplied Instrument Name: MC-400 multicorer PI Supplied Instrument Description:Polycarbonate sediment cores (9.6 centimeter (cm) inner diameter x 60 cm height) were collected using an MC-400 multicorer (Ocean Instruments, Fall City, WA). Instrument Name: Ocean Instruments MC-400 Multi corer Instrument Short Name:MC-400 Multi Corer Instrument Description: The Ocean Instruments MC-400 {Hedrick/Marrs} multi-corer is a sediment multi-corer with a series of cores attached to one deployment frame. This model carries four sample tubes. It is designed to retrieve sediment and water samples in lakes and shelf waters. The sample tubes are sealed with a silicone rubber upper door gasket and a neoprene or carpet lower door seal. Each of the four sample tubes can be removed from the coring unit for immediate processing in the laboratory without exposing their contents to the surface environment. It is designed to recover undisturbed surface sediments and is therefore well-suited to study benthic processes. The multi-corer is disposed on a research vessel and is lowered into the water body by a cable. When the multi-corer touches the sediment the units ballast weight pushes the assembled cores into the substrate. Each of the tubes contains a unique sediment core. The multi-corer uses a unique hydrostatic damping system that slows the penetration rate down to approximately 1 cm/s. Provisions have been made to carry up to two 4-liter water bottles that actuate as the frame legs touch bottom. The overall sample tube length is 58 cm, with a maximum penetration of 34.5 cm. The tube diameter is 10 cm.