http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/878750
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2022-08-17
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Dissolved black carbon (DBC) concentrations and related data from water samples collected between 2011 and 2019 in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans and from rivers in North America, South America, Africa, and Russia
2022-08-17
publication
2022-08-17
revision
Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)
2022-08-19
publication
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.878750.1
Sasha Wagner
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
principalInvestigator
Jay Brandes
Skidaway Institute of Oceanography
principalInvestigator
Aron Stubbins
Northeastern University
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Wagner, S., Brandes, J., Stubbins, A. (2022) Dissolved black carbon (DBC) concentrations and related data from water samples collected between 2011 and 2019 in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans and from rivers in North America, South America, Africa, and Russia. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2022-08-17 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.878750.1 [access date]
Stable Isotopes of DBC in River and Ocean Samples Dataset Description: Methods and Sampling: <p><strong>Sample collection:</strong> Pacific Ocean samples were collected from Station ALOHA (22.45°N, 158.00°W) during the Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) 301 cruise aboard the R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa. Samples from surface and mesopelagic depths (5, 110, 765, and 1000 m) were obtained from two casts on April 17, 2018 and the deep water sample (3500 m) was collected on April 18, 2018. Atlantic Ocean samples were collected from Hydrostation S (31.67°N, 64.17°W) during the Bermuda Atlantic Time Series (BATS) 358 cruise aboard the R/V Atlantic Explorer. Water samples were collected along a depth profile (1, 70, 2000, and 3000 m) on April 8, 2019. All seawater samples were collected using Niskin bottles mounted to the CTD rosette. For each sample, ~10 L was passed, by gravity, through a precleaned in-line capsule filter (Whatman Polycap; 0.2 μm) into acid-cleaned Nalgene fluorinated HDPE carboys and pre-combusted glass vials and acidified to pH 2 using HCl prior to solid phase extraction and DOC analysis. River samples were collected from the main stem of the Amazon, Congo, Northern Dvina, Kolyma, and Mississippi Rivers, upstream of the river mouth where marine inputs were not observed (salinity = 0). One surface water sample was collected from the Amazon River near Óbidos (Brazil; April 20, 2018; 1.92°S, 55.53°W). The Congo River was sampled from a site upstream of the cities of Kinshasa–Brazzaville on the main stem (DR Congo; 4.18°S, 15.21°E). Five samples were collected from the Congo River between August 2011 and April 2012 to account for potential hydrologically driven variations in DBC isotopic composition in a low latitude, subtropical river. Four samples were collected from the Northern Dvina River in Arkhangelsk (64.55°N, 40.51°E) between October 2013 and May 2016 to capture isotopic variations in a high latitude river with extremely variable hydrology. One sample was collected from the Kolyma River, upstream of the city of Cherskiy (August 30, 2015; 68.75°N, 161.29°E). One sample was collected from the Belle Chase Ferry Landing on the Mississippi River, just south of New Orleans, LA (USA; February 23, 2016; 29.82°N, 90.00°W). All river samples were collected in situ using an oil-free pump equipped with a pre-cleaned, in-line capsule filter (Whatman Polycap, 0.2 μm) directly into acid-cleaned Nalgene bottles and pre-combusted glass vials. Samples were acidified to pH 2 using HCl prior to solid phase extraction and DOC analysis.</p>
<p><strong>Dissolved organic carbon analysis and solid phase extraction:</strong> Filtered and acidified samples were analyzed for DOC, measured as non-purgable organic carbon using a Shimadzu TOC-L CPH analyzer equipped with an ASI-L autosampler. Sample DOC was quantified using a calibration curve made with a potassium hydrogen phthalate stock solution. Measurement accuracy and reproducibility was assessed by analyzing deep seawater and low carbon water reference materials obtained from the Consensus Reference Material (CRM) project (https://hansell-lab.rsmas.miami.edu/consensus-reference-material/index.html). Analyses of CRM were within 5% of reported values. DOC was isolated from samples via solid phase extraction (SPE; Varian Bond Elut PPL cartridges, 1 g, 6 mL; Dittmar et al., 2008) prior to DBC analysis. Briefly, SPE cartridges were conditioned with methanol, ultrapure water, and acidified water. Filtered and acidified samples were passed through the SPE cartridges by gravity. Isolated DOC was then eluted from the SPE cartridges with methanol and stored at −20 °C until DBC analysis.</p>
<p><strong>Dissolved black carbon quantification:</strong> Sample DBC was quantified using the BPCA method, which chemically degrades condensed aromatic compounds into benzenehexacarboxylic acid (B6CA) and benzenepentacarboxylic acid (B5CA) molecular markers. BPCAs were oxidized and quantified following previously described methods (Wagner et al., 2017; Barton and Wagner, 2022). Briefly, aliquots of SPE-DOC (~0.5 mg-C equivalents) were transferred to 2 mL glass ampules and dried under a stream of argon until complete evaporation of methanol. Concentrated HNO3 (0.5 mL) was added to each ampule, then ampules were flame-sealed and heated to 160 °C for 6 h. After oxidation, ampules were opened and HNO3 was dried at 60 °C under a stream of argon. The BPCA-containing residue was re-dissolved in dilute H3PO4 for subsequent analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Quantification of BPCAs was performed using a Dionex Ultimate 3000 HPLC system equipped with an autosampler, pump, and diode array detector. B6CA and B5CA were separated on an Agilent Poroshell 120 phenyl-hexyl column (4.6 × 150 mm, 2.7 μm) using an aqueous gradient of H3PO4 (0.6 M; pH 1) and sodium phosphate (20 mM; pH 6) buffers. BPCAs were quantified using calibration curves for commercially available B6CA and B5CA using a 5mM BPCA-C stock solution. River samples were oxidized and analyzed in duplicate. Ocean samples were oxidized and analyzed in triplicate. The average coefficients of variation for replicate measurements of B6CA and B5CA were &lt;5%. Sample DBC concentrations were calculated using the established power relationship between DBC (μM-C) and the sum of B6CA and B5CA (nM-BPCA) (Stubbins et al., 2015).</p>
<p><strong>Stable carbon isotopic analyses:</strong> Riverine and oceanic SPE-DOC methanol extracts were transferred to smooth-walled tin capsules (~0.25 mg-C per capsule) and methanol evaporated to dryness in an oven set to 60 °C. Sample-containing tin capsules were folded and combusted using a Thermo Scientific Flash EA Isolink CNSOH interfaced with a Thermo Scientific Delta V Plus IRMS. The δ13C composition of each sample was calibrated against an internal lab organic matter reference material (chitin from shrimp shells), which was previously calibrated against NIST glutamic acid (RM 8573) and sucrose (RM 8542) primary isotope reference standards. The 13C content is expressed in δ13C per mil (‰) notation relative to Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (VPDB). River samples were measured in duplicate and ocean samples were measured in triplicate. The standard deviation of replicate EA-IRMS measurements was &lt;0.1‰. Compound-specific stable carbon isotopic values for individual BPCAs were measured using a Dionex Ultimate 3000 HPLC connected to a Delta V IRMS via an LC Isolink interface following methods detailed previously (Wagner et al., 2017). Online oxidation quantitatively converts baseline-separated BPCAs to CO2. BPCA-derived CO2 is then extracted from the mobile phase and dried prior to detection by IRMS. The δ13C values for B5CA and B6CA standards were measured by EA-IRMS following the same procedure described above to calculate and correct for offsets in HPLCIRMS δ13C measurements (Wagner et al., 2017). River samples were analyzed in duplicate and ocean samples were analyzed in triplicate. Standard deviations applied to corrected sample δ13C values were propagated to account for errors associated with replicate EA-IRMS standard BPCA measurements, HPLC-IRMS standard BPCA measurements, and HPLC-IRMS sample BPCA measurements. The 13C content is expressed in δ13C per mil (‰) notation relative to Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (VPDB). The error associated with corrected δ13C values was typically &lt;0.5‰.</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1756812 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1756812
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1756733 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1756733
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-2017577 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=2017577
completed
Sasha Wagner
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
518-276-3075
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (JRSC 1W19) 110 8th Street
Troy
NY
12180
USA
wagnes3@rpi.edu
pointOfContact
Jay Brandes
Skidaway Institute of Oceanography
912-598 2361
10 Ocean Science Circle
Savannah
GA
31411
USA
Jay.Brandes@skio.uga.edu
pointOfContact
Aron Stubbins
Northeastern University
617-373-5872
102 Hurtig Building 360 Huntington Ave
Boston
MA
02115
USA
a.stubbins@northeastern.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
Site
Sampling_Date
Latitude
Longitude
Depth
Discharge
SPE_DOC_Recovery
d13C_B6CA
St_Dev_d13C_B6CA
d13C_B5CA
St_Dev_d13C_B5CA
d13C_SPE_DOC
St_Dev_d13C_SPE_DOC
DOC
DBC
DBC_to_DOC
B6CA
B5CA
B6CA_to_B5CA
Salinity
Temperature
O2
Thermo Scientific Flash EA Isolink
Dionex Ultimate 3000 HPLC
Thermo Scientific Delta V Plus IRMS
Niskin bottles mounted to the CTD rosette
oil-free pump equipped with a pre-cleaned, in-line capsule filter
Shimadzu TOC-L CPH
theme
None, User defined
site
date
latitude
longitude
depth
volume
dissolved organic Carbon
No BCO-DMO term
ratio
salinity
water temperature at measurement depth
dissolved Oxygen
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
Elemental Analyzer
High-Performance Liquid Chromatograph
Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometer
Niskin bottle
Pump
Shimadzu TOC-L Analyzer
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
KOK1801
AE1905
service
Deployment Activity
Station ALOHA (22.45°N, 158.00°W)
Hydrostation S (31.67°N, 64.17°W)
place
Locations
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
Collaborative Research: Constraining the source of oceanic dissolved black carbon using compound-specific stable carbon isotopes
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/745656
Collaborative Research: Constraining the source of oceanic dissolved black carbon using compound-specific stable carbon isotopes
<p><em>NSF Award Abstract:</em><br />
The char and soot remaining after fire is broadly referred to as black carbon. When char interacts with water, some of it dissolves and is carried away by rivers to the ocean. This soluble component of char is termed "dissolved black carbon" (DBC). Recent research has revealed DBC to be a major component of the carbon cycle. Most notably, DBC is now known to make up 10% of all dissolved organic carbon that rivers carry to the sea. Once in the ocean, DBC remains there for thousands of years, storing carbon that would otherwise be in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. As carbon dioxide contributes to the greenhouse effect, with higher carbon dioxide in the atmosphere leading to warmer global temperatures, it is important to understand where DBC in the ocean came from and how long it will stay locked away in the deep ocean. In this funded work, we set out to determine the source of the DBC in the ocean. Based upon our previous work that shows rivers export massive amounts of DBC to the coast, it has been suggested that rivers are the main source of DBC to the open ocean. However, in looking more closely at the DBC in rivers and the oceans, we found them to differ in one critical way: they have different isotopic signatures. This precludes them from having the same source, indicating that the DBC in the oceans is not from rivers. Our preliminary work only looked at a small river in Georgia, USA, and in the coastal waters offshore. In this funded project, we will take a global look at the isotopic signatures of DBC collected from large rivers such as the Amazon, Mississippi, and Yukon, and from the middle of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. If we find there is no overlap in the isotopes of the DBC from these major global rivers and ocean waters, we can conclude that rivers are not the main source of oceanic DBC and will need to search for new explanations of how molecules produced by fire end up in the deep ocean.</p>
<p>The project will enhance the career and continue the training of a first-time investigator and train undergraduate students in real world research through the Northeastern University Cooperative Program. In addition, our findings be adapted to produce learning materials for high school students in collaboration with the Science Journal for Kids.</p>
<p>Previous efforts to track DBC sources in natural waters have come with major limitations, preventing definitive connections to be made between oceanic DBC and its pyrogenic source. Photodegradation, a significant removal process for DBC in surface waters, drastically alters the molecular composition of DBC and erases any potential link between DBC chemical composition and its source. Bulk stable carbon isotopic measurements cannot unambiguously identify sources of DOC subcomponents, such as DBC. As such, this project aims to constrain the oceanic source of DBC by measuring compound-specific stable carbon isotopes of molecular markers (benzenepolycarboxylic acids, or BPCAs), derived exclusively from DBC. Our preliminary data show BPCA-specific isotopic values to have a sufficiently wide dynamic range between riverine and oceanic samples to test our hypotheses. In the current proposal, we aim to 1) isotopically characterize the largest quantified flux of DBC to the ocean (global rivers), 2) assess in situ oceanic variation in DBC stable carbon isotopic signatures, and 3) investigate the potential BPCA-specific fractionation effects of DBC photodegradation. In establishing a robust tracer for DBC source, we will be able to accurately constrain sources of oceanic DBC and further investigate the biogeochemical cycling of DBC across the terrestrial-marine continuum. The results of our research will also assist in answering larger research questions, specifically those regarding the fate of terrigenous DOM in the ocean, which have plagued biogeochemists for decades.</p>
<p>This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.</p>
DBC Stable Isotopes
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
Station ALOHA (22.45°N, 158.00°W); Hydrostation S (31.67°N, 64.17°W)
-158
161.29
-4.18
68.75
2011-08-19
2019-04-08
Global rivers (Amazon, Congo, Mississippi, St. Lawrence, Yukon), Atlantic Ocean (BATS), Pacific Ocean (HOT)
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Dissolved black carbon (DBC) concentrations and related data from water samples collected between 2011 and 2019 in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans and from rivers in North America, South America, Africa, and Russia
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/878810.rdf
Name: Site
Units: unitless
Description: <p>General site name</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/878811.rdf
Name: Sampling_Date
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Date sample was collected in fomrat YYYY-MM-DD</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/878812.rdf
Name: Latitude
Units: degrees North
Description: <p>Latitude</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/878813.rdf
Name: Longitude
Units: degrees East
Description: <p>Longitude</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/878814.rdf
Name: Depth
Units: metesr (m)
Description: <p>Depth of sampling (oceanic samples only)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/878815.rdf
Name: Discharge
Units: meters cubed per second
Description: <p>Discharge during time of sampling (river samples only)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/878816.rdf
Name: SPE_DOC_Recovery
Units: percent
Description: <p>Proportion of dissolved organic carbon recovered by solid phase extraction</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/878817.rdf
Name: d13C_B6CA
Units: per mille
Description: <p>Stable carbon isotopic composition of benzenehexacarboxylic acid</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/878818.rdf
Name: St_Dev_d13C_B6CA
Units: per mille
Description: <p>Standard deviation of stable carbon isotopic values of benzenehexacarboxylic acid</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/878819.rdf
Name: d13C_B5CA
Units: per mille
Description: <p>Stable carbon isotopic composition of benzenepentacarboxylic acid</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/878820.rdf
Name: St_Dev_d13C_B5CA
Units: per mille
Description: <p>Standard deviation of stable carbon isotopic values of benzenepentacarboxylic acid</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/878821.rdf
Name: d13C_SPE_DOC
Units: per mille
Description: <p>Stable carbon isotopic composition of dissolved organic carbon recovered by solid phase extraction</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/878822.rdf
Name: St_Dev_d13C_SPE_DOC
Units: per mille
Description: <p>Standard deviation of stable carbon isotopic values of dissolved organic carbon recovered by solid phase extraction</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/878823.rdf
Name: DOC
Units: micromolar C
Description: <p>Dissolved organic carbon concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/878824.rdf
Name: DBC
Units: micromolar C
Description: <p>Dissolved black carbon concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/878825.rdf
Name: DBC_to_DOC
Units: percent
Description: <p>Proportion of dissolved organic carbon to dissolved black carbon</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/878826.rdf
Name: B6CA
Units: nanomolar
Description: <p>Concentration of benzenehexacarboxylic acid in the sample</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/878827.rdf
Name: B5CA
Units: nanomolar
Description: <p>Concentration of benzenepentacarboxylic acid in the sample</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/878828.rdf
Name: B6CA_to_B5CA
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Ratio of benzenehexacarboxylic acid to benzenepentacarboxylic acid</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/878829.rdf
Name: Salinity
Units: parts per thousand (ppt)
Description: <p>Salinity</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/878830.rdf
Name: Temperature
Units: degrees Celsius
Description: <p>Water temperature</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/878831.rdf
Name: O2
Units: micromolar O2 per kilogram
Description: <p>Dissolved oxygen concentration</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2743
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/bitstream/1912/29230/1/dataset-878750_stable-isotopes-dbc-river-and-ocean-samples__v1.tsv
download
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.878750.1
download
onLine
dataset
<p><strong>Sample collection:</strong> Pacific Ocean samples were collected from Station ALOHA (22.45°N, 158.00°W) during the Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) 301 cruise aboard the R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa. Samples from surface and mesopelagic depths (5, 110, 765, and 1000 m) were obtained from two casts on April 17, 2018 and the deep water sample (3500 m) was collected on April 18, 2018. Atlantic Ocean samples were collected from Hydrostation S (31.67°N, 64.17°W) during the Bermuda Atlantic Time Series (BATS) 358 cruise aboard the R/V Atlantic Explorer. Water samples were collected along a depth profile (1, 70, 2000, and 3000 m) on April 8, 2019. All seawater samples were collected using Niskin bottles mounted to the CTD rosette. For each sample, ~10 L was passed, by gravity, through a precleaned in-line capsule filter (Whatman Polycap; 0.2 μm) into acid-cleaned Nalgene fluorinated HDPE carboys and pre-combusted glass vials and acidified to pH 2 using HCl prior to solid phase extraction and DOC analysis. River samples were collected from the main stem of the Amazon, Congo, Northern Dvina, Kolyma, and Mississippi Rivers, upstream of the river mouth where marine inputs were not observed (salinity = 0). One surface water sample was collected from the Amazon River near Óbidos (Brazil; April 20, 2018; 1.92°S, 55.53°W). The Congo River was sampled from a site upstream of the cities of Kinshasa–Brazzaville on the main stem (DR Congo; 4.18°S, 15.21°E). Five samples were collected from the Congo River between August 2011 and April 2012 to account for potential hydrologically driven variations in DBC isotopic composition in a low latitude, subtropical river. Four samples were collected from the Northern Dvina River in Arkhangelsk (64.55°N, 40.51°E) between October 2013 and May 2016 to capture isotopic variations in a high latitude river with extremely variable hydrology. One sample was collected from the Kolyma River, upstream of the city of Cherskiy (August 30, 2015; 68.75°N, 161.29°E). One sample was collected from the Belle Chase Ferry Landing on the Mississippi River, just south of New Orleans, LA (USA; February 23, 2016; 29.82°N, 90.00°W). All river samples were collected in situ using an oil-free pump equipped with a pre-cleaned, in-line capsule filter (Whatman Polycap, 0.2 μm) directly into acid-cleaned Nalgene bottles and pre-combusted glass vials. Samples were acidified to pH 2 using HCl prior to solid phase extraction and DOC analysis.</p>
<p><strong>Dissolved organic carbon analysis and solid phase extraction:</strong> Filtered and acidified samples were analyzed for DOC, measured as non-purgable organic carbon using a Shimadzu TOC-L CPH analyzer equipped with an ASI-L autosampler. Sample DOC was quantified using a calibration curve made with a potassium hydrogen phthalate stock solution. Measurement accuracy and reproducibility was assessed by analyzing deep seawater and low carbon water reference materials obtained from the Consensus Reference Material (CRM) project (https://hansell-lab.rsmas.miami.edu/consensus-reference-material/index.html). Analyses of CRM were within 5% of reported values. DOC was isolated from samples via solid phase extraction (SPE; Varian Bond Elut PPL cartridges, 1 g, 6 mL; Dittmar et al., 2008) prior to DBC analysis. Briefly, SPE cartridges were conditioned with methanol, ultrapure water, and acidified water. Filtered and acidified samples were passed through the SPE cartridges by gravity. Isolated DOC was then eluted from the SPE cartridges with methanol and stored at −20 °C until DBC analysis.</p>
<p><strong>Dissolved black carbon quantification:</strong> Sample DBC was quantified using the BPCA method, which chemically degrades condensed aromatic compounds into benzenehexacarboxylic acid (B6CA) and benzenepentacarboxylic acid (B5CA) molecular markers. BPCAs were oxidized and quantified following previously described methods (Wagner et al., 2017; Barton and Wagner, 2022). Briefly, aliquots of SPE-DOC (~0.5 mg-C equivalents) were transferred to 2 mL glass ampules and dried under a stream of argon until complete evaporation of methanol. Concentrated HNO3 (0.5 mL) was added to each ampule, then ampules were flame-sealed and heated to 160 °C for 6 h. After oxidation, ampules were opened and HNO3 was dried at 60 °C under a stream of argon. The BPCA-containing residue was re-dissolved in dilute H3PO4 for subsequent analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Quantification of BPCAs was performed using a Dionex Ultimate 3000 HPLC system equipped with an autosampler, pump, and diode array detector. B6CA and B5CA were separated on an Agilent Poroshell 120 phenyl-hexyl column (4.6 × 150 mm, 2.7 μm) using an aqueous gradient of H3PO4 (0.6 M; pH 1) and sodium phosphate (20 mM; pH 6) buffers. BPCAs were quantified using calibration curves for commercially available B6CA and B5CA using a 5mM BPCA-C stock solution. River samples were oxidized and analyzed in duplicate. Ocean samples were oxidized and analyzed in triplicate. The average coefficients of variation for replicate measurements of B6CA and B5CA were &lt;5%. Sample DBC concentrations were calculated using the established power relationship between DBC (μM-C) and the sum of B6CA and B5CA (nM-BPCA) (Stubbins et al., 2015).</p>
<p><strong>Stable carbon isotopic analyses:</strong> Riverine and oceanic SPE-DOC methanol extracts were transferred to smooth-walled tin capsules (~0.25 mg-C per capsule) and methanol evaporated to dryness in an oven set to 60 °C. Sample-containing tin capsules were folded and combusted using a Thermo Scientific Flash EA Isolink CNSOH interfaced with a Thermo Scientific Delta V Plus IRMS. The δ13C composition of each sample was calibrated against an internal lab organic matter reference material (chitin from shrimp shells), which was previously calibrated against NIST glutamic acid (RM 8573) and sucrose (RM 8542) primary isotope reference standards. The 13C content is expressed in δ13C per mil (‰) notation relative to Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (VPDB). River samples were measured in duplicate and ocean samples were measured in triplicate. The standard deviation of replicate EA-IRMS measurements was &lt;0.1‰. Compound-specific stable carbon isotopic values for individual BPCAs were measured using a Dionex Ultimate 3000 HPLC connected to a Delta V IRMS via an LC Isolink interface following methods detailed previously (Wagner et al., 2017). Online oxidation quantitatively converts baseline-separated BPCAs to CO2. BPCA-derived CO2 is then extracted from the mobile phase and dried prior to detection by IRMS. The δ13C values for B5CA and B6CA standards were measured by EA-IRMS following the same procedure described above to calculate and correct for offsets in HPLCIRMS δ13C measurements (Wagner et al., 2017). River samples were analyzed in duplicate and ocean samples were analyzed in triplicate. Standard deviations applied to corrected sample δ13C values were propagated to account for errors associated with replicate EA-IRMS standard BPCA measurements, HPLC-IRMS standard BPCA measurements, and HPLC-IRMS sample BPCA measurements. The 13C content is expressed in δ13C per mil (‰) notation relative to Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (VPDB). The error associated with corrected δ13C values was typically &lt;0.5‰.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p><strong>Data Processing:</strong><br />
All data obtained from instrumentation was processed using Microsoft Excel (version 2016 or 2019) following the methodologies described earlier.</p>
<p><strong>BCO-DMO Processing:</strong><br />
- renamed fields to comply with BCO-DMO naming conventions;<br />
- converted dates to YYYY-MM-DD format;<br />
- replaced "N.D." with "nd" (no data);<br />
- removed directionals from Latitude and Longitude columns; converted S and West to negative values.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
Thermo Scientific Flash EA Isolink
Thermo Scientific Flash EA Isolink
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Thermo Scientific Flash EA Isolink PI Supplied Instrument Description:Thermo Scientific Flash EA Isolink CNSOH interfaced with a Thermo Scientific Delta V Plus IRMS – To measure stable carbon isotopic values of SPE-DOC for all samples. Instrument Name: Elemental Analyzer Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: Instruments that quantify carbon, nitrogen and sometimes other elements by combusting the sample at very high temperature and assaying the resulting gaseous oxides. Usually used for samples including organic material. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB01/
Dionex Ultimate 3000 HPLC
Dionex Ultimate 3000 HPLC
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Dionex Ultimate 3000 HPLC PI Supplied Instrument Description:Dionex Ultimate 3000 HPLC connected to a Delta V IRMS via an LC Isolink interface – To measure BPCA-specific stable carbon isotopic values of DBC for all samples. Instrument Name: High-Performance Liquid Chromatograph Instrument Short Name:HPLC Instrument Description: A High-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) is a type of liquid chromatography used to separate compounds that are dissolved in solution. HPLC instruments consist of a reservoir of the mobile phase, a pump, an injector, a separation column, and a detector. Compounds are separated by high pressure pumping of the sample mixture onto a column packed with microspheres coated with the stationary phase. The different components in the mixture pass through the column at different rates due to differences in their partitioning behavior between the mobile liquid phase and the stationary phase. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB11/
Thermo Scientific Delta V Plus IRMS
Thermo Scientific Delta V Plus IRMS
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Thermo Scientific Delta V Plus IRMS PI Supplied Instrument Description:Thermo Scientific Flash EA Isolink CNSOH interfaced with a Thermo Scientific Delta V Plus IRMS – To measure stable carbon isotopic values of SPE-DOC for all samples. Instrument Name: Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometer Instrument Short Name:IR Mass Spec; IRMS Instrument Description: The Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometer is a particular type of mass spectrometer used to measure the relative abundance of isotopes in a given sample (e.g. VG Prism II Isotope Ratio Mass-Spectrometer). Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB16/
Niskin bottles mounted to the CTD rosette
Niskin bottles mounted to the CTD rosette
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Niskin bottles mounted to the CTD rosette Instrument Name: Niskin bottle Instrument Short Name:Niskin bottle Instrument Description: A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24, or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0412/
oil-free pump equipped with a pre-cleaned, in-line capsule filter
oil-free pump equipped with a pre-cleaned, in-line capsule filter
PI Supplied Instrument Name: oil-free pump equipped with a pre-cleaned, in-line capsule filter Instrument Name: Pump Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: A pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes slurries, by mechanical action. Pumps can be classified into three major groups according to the method they use to move the fluid: direct lift, displacement, and gravity pumps
Shimadzu TOC-L CPH
Shimadzu TOC-L CPH
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Shimadzu TOC-L CPH PI Supplied Instrument Description:Shimadzu TOC-L CPH analyzer equipped with an ASI-L autosampler – To measure sample DOC concentrations and SPE-DOC recoveries for all samples. Instrument Name: Shimadzu TOC-L Analyzer Instrument Short Name:Shimadzu TOC-L Instrument Description: A Shimadzu TOC-L Analyzer measures DOC by high temperature combustion method.
Developed by Shimadzu, the 680 degree C combustion catalytic oxidation method is now used worldwide. One of its most important features is the capacity to efficiently oxidize hard-to-decompose organic compounds, including insoluble and macromolecular organic compounds. The 680 degree C combustion catalytic oxidation method has been adopted for the TOC-L series.
http://www.shimadzu.com/an/toc/lab/toc-l2.html Community Standard Description: http://onto.nerc.ac.uk/CAST/124.html
Cruise: KOK1801
KOK1801
R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa
vessel
KOK1801
David M. Karl
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
Cruise: AE1905
AE1905
R/V Atlantic Explorer
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Atlantic Explorer
vessel
AE1905
Michael W. Lomas
Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences
R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa
vessel
R/V Atlantic Explorer
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Atlantic Explorer
vessel