http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/880691
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2022-09-20
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Individual oyster results from an oyster reciprocal transplant experiment conducted at two sites in an estuary in NE Florida between August 2019 and May 2020
2022-10-14
publication
2022-10-14
revision
BCO-DMO Linked Data URI
2022-10-14
creation
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/880691
David L. Kimbro
Northeastern University
principalInvestigator
J. Wilson White
Oregon State University
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Kimbro, D. L., White, J. (2022) Individual oyster results from an oyster reciprocal transplant experiment conducted at two sites in an estuary in NE Florida between August 2019 and May 2020. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2022-10-14 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/880691 [access date]
Methods and Sampling: <p>A reciprocal transplant experiment was conducted at two sites in an estuary in NE Florida, USA that encompassed different environmental (salinity, aerial exposure) and biotic (predators) stressors.&nbsp; Juvenile oysters were reciprocally transplanted within and between the two locations. At each location, the home and away oyster ‘demes’ were randomly assigned between a predator exclosure and a control treatment. After one month and then again at nine months, the individual traits (shell length, shell thickness, and condition index) of the oysters were measured and destructively sampled. (Note: multiple oysters observed for each experimental unit/cage)</p>
<p><strong>Spat&nbsp;Collection:</strong> Oyster spat that had naturally settled out on dead oyster shells were collected from reefs in two zones of the Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve (GTMNERR). The zones were the Butler site at 29.77002 N, -81.2641 W, and the Pellicer site at 29.62923 N, -81.2144 W. Shells containing living, juvenile oysters were selected, and the spat (1 to 3) were marked using&nbsp;fingernail polish (red, blue, purple).&nbsp;&nbsp;Initial sizes (length from umbo to tip) of all spat were recorded prior to outplant.&nbsp;</p>
<p>The shells containing the living juvenile oysters&nbsp;were attached to a 2 x 2 inch square of bird netting using 2-part marine epoxy.&nbsp; These dead shell and bird netting combinations were attached to&nbsp;a 1 ft length of PVC using cable ties threaded through the mesh to obtain the density of three spat per PVC length (“oyster pop”). All PVC posts were marked with unique numeric identifiers, and each held three oysters from a single deme.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Cages</strong>: Three spat from one of the locations (either Butler or Pellicer) were placed in each experimental unit (cage or control). Cages were 12” X 12” X 12” made from Industrial Netting (Product Number XB1132). The bottom of the cage was open and buried into the ground. Half-inch PVC pipes 12” long were cabled tied to the inside corners of the cage to give it some stability. The control plots consisted of four PVC posts hammered into the ground 12” apart from each other. Cages were deployed in the vertical midpoint of the reef at both Butler and Pellicer zones to allow for the reciprocal transplant design.</p>
<p><strong>Growth measurements:</strong>&nbsp;Each of these experimental units contained posts that were removed one month after deployment (Sept. 2019) and three posts removed after nine months (May 2020). Those time periods correspond approximately to a post-settlement/juvenile stage (vulnerable to mud crabs), and an early adult stage (preferred by crown conch), respectively. At each sampling period, the oysters attached to the sampled post were removed, brought to the lab, and processed to quantify two fitness components: survival (live or dead) and growth (final – initial shell length).</p>
<p>Oysters were destructively sampled at two time points to determine growth and survival. One out of three oysters was selected for initial processing and crushing. One of three oysters were frozen in plastic bags in a standard freezer (-18&nbsp;degrees C) for further processing (<u><em><strong>reciprocal_transplant_individual_metadata)</strong></em></u>, and one of three were initially processed and set aside.</p>
<p>In the lab, oysters were removed from the freezer and allowed to thaw on the countertop. Thawed oysters were measured for total height and width, then shucked.&nbsp; The top valve (shell)&nbsp;and oyster tissue were placed in weighing tins. Wet weights of both were obtained using a Mettler Toledo NewClassic MS balance. Length, width, and thickness of the top valve were measured with digital calipers (Rexbeti 0-1" digital micrometer). Oyster tissue and top valve were placed in a drying oven at 60 degrees C for 72 hours (at which point they were fully dry), and then dry weights of both were recorded.</p>
<p>Each trait (mass, tissue mass, and shell thickness) was standardized by dividing by oyster length; hence standardized shell thickness is dimensionless.</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1736943 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1736943
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1820540 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1820540
onGoing
David L. Kimbro
Northeastern University
617-373-2059
430 Nahant Rd.
Nahant
MA
01908
U.S.A.
d.kimbro@northeastern.edu
pointOfContact
J. Wilson White
Oregon State University
will.white@oregonstate.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
process_date
sample_date
site
latitude
longitude
meter
treatment
reef
spat_source
month_checked
oyster_ID
oyster_length
oyster_width
tissue_tin_no
tissue_tin_wt
tissue_pre_wet
tissue_wet_wt
tissue_pre_dry
tissue_dry_wt
shell_tin_no
shell_tin_wt
shell_pre_wet
shell_wet_wt
shell_pre_dry
shell_dry_wt
shell_length
shell_width
shell_thickness
std_thick
std_wt
std_tissue
Rexbeti 0–1” Digital Micrometer
ThermoScientific Heratherm OMS 180
Mettler Toledo NewClassic MS
theme
None, User defined
date
site
latitude
longitude
transect_station
treatment
Site_ID
No BCO-DMO term
month of year
sample type
length
width
sample identification
weight
height
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
calipers
Drying Oven
scale or balance
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
Collaborative research: Quantifying the influence of nonconsumptive predator effects on prey population dynamics
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/709931
Collaborative research: Quantifying the influence of nonconsumptive predator effects on prey population dynamics
<p><em>NSF Award Abstract:</em><br />
Predators can affect populations of their prey in two ways: by consuming them ("consumptive effects" or "CE"s), or by causing the prey to change behavior to avoid contact with the predator. For example, prey often spend less time feeding and more time watching out for predators, which comes with the cost of lower food intake and thus slower growth. Such "non-consumptive effects" (NCEs) have been described for a wide range of terrestrial and marine prey species, from elk to clams, but mostly in short-term (< 1 month) experiments. These prior results suggest that in some cases, the behavioral changes (NCEs) have a bigger effect on prey populations than consumption by predators (CEs). However, those short-term, controlled experiments may artificially inflate the perceived importance of NCEs. Over longer time periods, prey may adapt or become acclimated to predation risk, and NCEs may become less important. Additionally, environmental variability (e.g., differences in the availability of the prey's food between study sites) may have a bigger effect on prey populations than NCEs do. This project will use a combination of short- (months) and long-term (years) field experiments and mathematical models to evaluate the role of NCEs on Florida oyster reefs. The prey species in this study is the eastern oyster, an important marine resource in the southeast US for harvesting and habitat creation; the main oyster predator is a mud crab. In this study, results from mathematical models of oyster populations will be compared to experimental data from the field to see whether including NCEs in the model leads to better model predictions. Better understanding of NCEs in oysters should improve management of that important marine resource. Furthermore, the mathematical model will be used to develop broader, generalizable conclusions about the importance of NCEs that could be applied to other important prey species. This project will provide data useful for oyster resource management, will support public education regarding the ecological importance of NCEs, and will enhance the scientific engagement of underrepresented groups in the study region. The project will support a partnership with the Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve in Florida, including data sharing, sponsoring an oyster management symposium, and funding the development of multimedia scientific outreach materials at the reserve that will be used by a large and diverse population of K-12 students in the surrounding community. The project will train a postdoctoral researcher, two graduate students, two undergraduate students, and research results will be disseminated by those students and the principal investigators at scientific conferences, in journal publications, and in online content through an ongoing partnership with a Florida public television station.</p>
<p>Predators can alter prey population dynamics by causing fear-based shifts in prey traits (nonconsumptive effect, NCE). The importance of NCEs for prey populations - relative to direct consumption by predators (consumptive effects, CEs) - remains uncertain, particularly because short-term studies of NCEs cannot estimate their effect over multiple prey generations. This project addresses that knowledge gap by combining short- and long-term field experiments with population models to investigate the importance of NCEs on oyster population dynamics in a Florida estuary. The central question is whether accounting for NCEs improves the ability to predict long-term trends in oyster population abundance. Several types of NCEs are present in this system: exposure to water-containing predator odors reduces oyster larval recruitment and causes juvenile oysters to increase shell thickness, reducing their somatic growth. In addition to CEs and NCEs, environmental gradients in stress, food, and propagule delivery are also present in this system. Those environmental factors can have strong effects on post-settlement survivorship, growth, and recruitment of oysters, so the relative importance of predator CEs and NCEs may vary along those spatial gradients as well. This project will consist of four components. (1) A series of short-term field experiments to test how NCEs vary with predator density and environmental variables, and whether one of the NCEs (increased shell thickness) actually reduces vulnerability to predators. (2) A population model, parameterized using experimental results; model simulations will quantify how the relative importance of NCEs should vary over time, space, and environmental gradients. (3) A longer-term (3.5 year) field experiment; the results from this experiment will be compared to model predictions to test whether accounting for NCEs improves predictions of long-term variation in oyster population dynamics. (4) A general form of the model will be developed to broadly investigate the effect of NCEs on non-equilibrium, transient population dynamics. By combining models and field experiments, this project will bridge the gap between the theoretical understanding of how NCEs affect population dynamics and empirical tests of that theory, advancing the field towards the goal of predicting how multiple interacting factors structure communities.</p>
Predatory NCEs and Scale
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
biota
oceans
-81.2641
-81.2144
29.6292
29.77
2019-08-01
2020-05-20
Sub-tropical estuarine waters (29.67,-81.21)
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Individual oyster results from an oyster reciprocal transplant experiment conducted at two sites in an estuary in NE Florida between August 2019 and May 2020
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882795.rdf
Name: process_date
Units: unitless
Description: <p>date on which the samples were processed in the lab. Dry weights were obtained 3 days after this date</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882796.rdf
Name: sample_date
Units: unitless
Description: <p>date the sample was collected in Florida, USA</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882797.rdf
Name: site
Units: unitless
Description: <p>site within the estuary where sample was collected</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882798.rdf
Name: latitude
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>latitude of sample collection</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882799.rdf
Name: longitude
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>longitude of sample collection (West is negative)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882800.rdf
Name: meter
Units: meters (m)
Description: <p>meter mark at which the sample was collected</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882801.rdf
Name: treatment
Units: unitless
Description: <p>the levels of the predator exclosure factor to which replicates were assigned. This includes "control" (no cage) and "cage" (predator exclosure cage)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882802.rdf
Name: reef
Units: unitless
Description: <p>the location to which all replicates were randomly assigned and outplanted (either 'butler' or 'pellicer')</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882803.rdf
Name: spat_source
Units: unitless
Description: <p>the deme or location of origin from which oysters were collected (either 'butler' or 'pellicer')</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882804.rdf
Name: month_checked
Units: unitless
Description: <p>the month number (since deployment) that data were collected, with zero meaning deployment date, "one" being one month after deployment, and "three" as well as "nine" being three and 9 months after deployment.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882805.rdf
Name: oyster_ID
Units: unitless
Description: <p>an identifier given to each sample, with multiple samples coming from each unique combination of treatment, spat.source, and reef. (p = purple, r = red, b = blue)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882806.rdf
Name: oyster_length
Units: millimeters (mm)
Description: <p>total length of the whole oyster</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882807.rdf
Name: oyster_width
Units: millimeters (mm)
Description: <p>total width of the whole oyster</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882808.rdf
Name: tissue_tin_no
Units: unitless
Description: <p>unique identifier for material used to contain each sample in drying oven</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882809.rdf
Name: tissue_tin_wt
Units: grams (g)
Description: <p>the weight of the container in "tissue_tin_no" column</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882810.rdf
Name: tissue_pre_wet
Units: grams (g)
Description: <p>wet weight of oyster tissue mass + "tissue_tin_no" column</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882811.rdf
Name: tissue_wet_wt
Units: grams (g)
Description: <p>the weight of just the tissue (the weight of the drying tin is subtracted)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882812.rdf
Name: tissue_pre_dry
Units: grams (g)
Description: <p>weight of oyster dry tissue mass + tin wt (column "tissue_tin_wt") after drying at 60C for 72 hours</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882813.rdf
Name: tissue_dry_wt
Units: grams (g)
Description: <p>weight of oyster dry tissue (column "tissue_pre_dry" - column "tissue_tin_wt")</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882814.rdf
Name: shell_tin_no
Units: unitless
Description: <p>unique identifer for tin container used for weighing shell sample</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882815.rdf
Name: shell_tin_wt
Units: grams (g)
Description: <p>the mass of tin container</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882816.rdf
Name: shell_pre_wet
Units: grams (g)
Description: <p>mass of shell + tin (column "shell_tin_wt")</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882817.rdf
Name: shell_wet_wt
Units: grams (g)
Description: <p>mass of wet shell before drying</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882818.rdf
Name: shell_pre_dry
Units: grams (g)
Description: <p>mass of shell dried + tin (column "shell_tin_wt") after drying at 60C for 72 hours</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882819.rdf
Name: shell_dry_wt
Units: grams (g)
Description: <p>mass of dried shell (column "shell_pre_dry" - column "shell_tin_wt")</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882820.rdf
Name: shell_length
Units: millimeters (mm)
Description: <p>shell length of top valve of the oyster shell</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882821.rdf
Name: shell_width
Units: millimeters (mm)
Description: <p>width of the top valve of the oyster shell</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882822.rdf
Name: shell_thickness
Units: millimeters (mm)
Description: <p>thickness of top oyster valve</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882823.rdf
Name: std_thick
Units: millimeters (mm)
Description: <p>thickness of the shell divided by shell length (= units cancel)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882824.rdf
Name: std_wt
Units: grams per millimeter
Description: <p>mass of dried shell ("shell_dry_wt") divided by shell length ("shell_length")</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882825.rdf
Name: std_tissue
Units: grams per millimeter
Description: <p>"tissue_dry_wt" divided by "shell_length"</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
19890
https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/file/yppzBA0Tr5E1O/rt_traits.csv
rt_traits.csv
Primary data file for dataset ID 880691
download
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/dataset/880691/data/download
download
onLine
dataset
<p>A reciprocal transplant experiment was conducted at two sites in an estuary in NE Florida, USA that encompassed different environmental (salinity, aerial exposure) and biotic (predators) stressors.&nbsp; Juvenile oysters were reciprocally transplanted within and between the two locations. At each location, the home and away oyster ‘demes’ were randomly assigned between a predator exclosure and a control treatment. After one month and then again at nine months, the individual traits (shell length, shell thickness, and condition index) of the oysters were measured and destructively sampled. (Note: multiple oysters observed for each experimental unit/cage)</p>
<p><strong>Spat&nbsp;Collection:</strong> Oyster spat that had naturally settled out on dead oyster shells were collected from reefs in two zones of the Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve (GTMNERR). The zones were the Butler site at 29.77002 N, -81.2641 W, and the Pellicer site at 29.62923 N, -81.2144 W. Shells containing living, juvenile oysters were selected, and the spat (1 to 3) were marked using&nbsp;fingernail polish (red, blue, purple).&nbsp;&nbsp;Initial sizes (length from umbo to tip) of all spat were recorded prior to outplant.&nbsp;</p>
<p>The shells containing the living juvenile oysters&nbsp;were attached to a 2 x 2 inch square of bird netting using 2-part marine epoxy.&nbsp; These dead shell and bird netting combinations were attached to&nbsp;a 1 ft length of PVC using cable ties threaded through the mesh to obtain the density of three spat per PVC length (“oyster pop”). All PVC posts were marked with unique numeric identifiers, and each held three oysters from a single deme.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Cages</strong>: Three spat from one of the locations (either Butler or Pellicer) were placed in each experimental unit (cage or control). Cages were 12” X 12” X 12” made from Industrial Netting (Product Number XB1132). The bottom of the cage was open and buried into the ground. Half-inch PVC pipes 12” long were cabled tied to the inside corners of the cage to give it some stability. The control plots consisted of four PVC posts hammered into the ground 12” apart from each other. Cages were deployed in the vertical midpoint of the reef at both Butler and Pellicer zones to allow for the reciprocal transplant design.</p>
<p><strong>Growth measurements:</strong>&nbsp;Each of these experimental units contained posts that were removed one month after deployment (Sept. 2019) and three posts removed after nine months (May 2020). Those time periods correspond approximately to a post-settlement/juvenile stage (vulnerable to mud crabs), and an early adult stage (preferred by crown conch), respectively. At each sampling period, the oysters attached to the sampled post were removed, brought to the lab, and processed to quantify two fitness components: survival (live or dead) and growth (final – initial shell length).</p>
<p>Oysters were destructively sampled at two time points to determine growth and survival. One out of three oysters was selected for initial processing and crushing. One of three oysters were frozen in plastic bags in a standard freezer (-18&nbsp;degrees C) for further processing (<u><em><strong>reciprocal_transplant_individual_metadata)</strong></em></u>, and one of three were initially processed and set aside.</p>
<p>In the lab, oysters were removed from the freezer and allowed to thaw on the countertop. Thawed oysters were measured for total height and width, then shucked.&nbsp; The top valve (shell)&nbsp;and oyster tissue were placed in weighing tins. Wet weights of both were obtained using a Mettler Toledo NewClassic MS balance. Length, width, and thickness of the top valve were measured with digital calipers (Rexbeti 0-1" digital micrometer). Oyster tissue and top valve were placed in a drying oven at 60 degrees C for 72 hours (at which point they were fully dry), and then dry weights of both were recorded.</p>
<p>Each trait (mass, tissue mass, and shell thickness) was standardized by dividing by oyster length; hence standardized shell thickness is dimensionless.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p><strong>BCO-DMO Processing description:</strong><br />
- Converted dates to format (YYYY-MM-DD)<br />
- Adjusted field/parameter names to comply with BCO-DMO naming conventions<br />
- Added columns for "Latitude" and "Longitude" based on geospatial bounds<br />
- Added a conventional header with dataset name, PI names, version date<br />
- Rounded columns: std_thick, std_wt, std_tissue to 3 decimal places (or to the thousandth place)</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
Rexbeti 0–1” Digital Micrometer
Rexbeti 0–1” Digital Micrometer
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Rexbeti 0–1” Digital Micrometer PI Supplied Instrument Description:Length, width, and thickness of the top valve were measured with digital calipers (Rexbeti 0-1" digital micrometer). Instrument Name: calipers Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: A caliper (or "pair of calipers") is a device used to measure the distance between two opposite sides of an object. Many types of calipers permit reading out a measurement on a ruled scale, a dial, or a digital display.
ThermoScientific Heratherm OMS 180
ThermoScientific Heratherm OMS 180
PI Supplied Instrument Name: ThermoScientific Heratherm OMS 180 Instrument Name: Drying Oven Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: a heated chamber for drying
Mettler Toledo NewClassic MS
Mettler Toledo NewClassic MS
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Mettler Toledo NewClassic MS Instrument Name: scale or balance Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: Devices that determine the mass or weight of a sample. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB13/