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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/884738.rdf" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Temperature data measured during a heatwave experiment done September to November 2018 using reef building corals collected in Kāne'ohe Bay, O'ahu, Hawai'i</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Cite this dataset as: Strand, E., Putnam, H. (2023) Temperature data measured during a heatwave experiment done September to November 2018 using reef building corals collected in Kāne'ohe Bay, O'ahu, Hawai'i. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2023-01-31 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.884738.1 [access date]</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>Heatwave Experiment: Temperature HOBO Logger Dataset Description:  Methods and Sampling: &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Corals sampled at six reefs within Kāne'ohe Bay, O'ahu, Hawai'i:&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;1.) USA: Hawaii HIMB: 21.436056, -157.786861&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
2.) USA: Hawaii Reef.11.13: 21.450806, -157.794944&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
3.) USA: Hawaii Reef.35.36: 21.473889, -157.833667&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
4.) USA: Hawaii Reef.18: 21.450806, -157.811139&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
5.) USA: Hawaii Lilipuna.Fringe: 21.429417, -157.791111&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
6.) USA: Hawaii Reef.42.43: 21.477194, -157.826889&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Experiment conducted at the Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Experimental Tank Setup: &amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;Treatment conditions (n=3 tanks treatment-1) were randomly assigned to twelve outdoor mesocosm tanks (122 cm x 122 cm x 30 cm; 510 L). Flow rates, measured daily with a graduated cylinder and timer, averaged 84.36 ± 1.20 mL second-1 (n=826), providing full mesocosm tank turnover every ~2 hours. Mesocosm tanks were 60% shaded from full irradiance, and photosynthetically active radiation was measured continuously with the Apex cosine corrected PAR Sensor (accuracy = ± 5%) that was cross calibrated to the Li-Cor cosine corrected PAR sensor (LI-193). Additionally, light values (PAR) from six different positions in each tank were compared to determine spatial differences within each tank. There was no significant difference in light between positions in each tank (n=4 position-1 tank-1). Based on these results, light was measured in the center of the tank ~daily for the duration of the experiment using the Li-Cor 193 spherical underwater quantum sensor. To further reduce any potential position effects with respect to incoming water, heater position, or bubble stream, the positions of the coral fragments in the tank were changed weekly.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p dir=&amp;quot;ltr&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Experimental temperature conditions: &amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;Temperature treatment conditions were programmed to mimic the natural daily fluctuations (0.75 °C ± 0.06) of the environment at the collection sites in Kāneʻohe Bay, Hawaiʻi (NOAA Moku o Loʻe Buoy data from September 2018). Based on these data, high temperature treatment fluctuated between ~29-30°C to reflect previous marine heatwaves in Kāneʻohe Bay, Hawaiʻi (+2°C above ambient temperature). Temperature was monitored with Apex Extended Life Temperature Probes (accuracy = ± 0.05 °C, Neptune Systems) and temperature loggers (HOBO Water Temp Pro v2, accuracy = ±0.21°C, resolution = 0.02°C, Onset Computer Corp) that were placed in each tank at the same height as the coral fragments for the duration of the experiment and logged temperature at 10 minute intervals. Temperature was separately controlled by submersible heaters (ProHeat D-1500 Heater Controllers, precision ± 1°C) due to the electrical demand of the heaters. Ambient temperature treatments were not controlled, and thus reflected the natural conditions of Kāneʻohe Bay.&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/award/755671.rdf" xlink:title="OCE-1756623" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1756623 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1756623</gmx:Anchor>
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&lt;p&gt;Symbiosis is a complex and ecologically integrated interaction between organisms that provides emergent properties key to their survival. Such is the case for the relationship between reef-building corals and their microbiome, a meta-organism, where nutritional and biogeochemical recycling provide the necessary benefits that fuel high reef productivity and calcification. The rapid warming and acidification of our oceans threatens this symbiosis. This project addresses how relatively stress resistant and stress sensitive corals react to the environmental perturbations of increased temperature and reduced pH. It utilizes transcriptomic, epigenetic, and microbial profiling approaches, to elucidate how corals respond to environmental challenges. In addition to this profiling, work by the BSF Israeli partner will implement powerful analytical techniques such as network theory to detect key transcriptional hubs in meta-organisms and quantify biological integration. This work will generate a stress gene inventory for two ecologically important coral species and a (epi)genome and microbiome level of understanding of how they respond to the physical environment. Acknowledgment of a role for epigenetic mechanisms in corals overturns the paradigm of hardwired genetic control and highlights the interplay of genetic and epigenetic variation that may result in emergent evolutionary and ecologically relevant properties with implications for the future of reefs. Furthermore, clarifying the joint contribution of the microbiome and host in response to abiotic change will provide an important model in metazoan host-microbiome biotic interactions.&lt;/p&gt;
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&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Experimental Tank Setup: &amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;Treatment conditions (n=3 tanks treatment-1) were randomly assigned to twelve outdoor mesocosm tanks (122 cm x 122 cm x 30 cm; 510 L). Flow rates, measured daily with a graduated cylinder and timer, averaged 84.36 ± 1.20 mL second-1 (n=826), providing full mesocosm tank turnover every ~2 hours. Mesocosm tanks were 60% shaded from full irradiance, and photosynthetically active radiation was measured continuously with the Apex cosine corrected PAR Sensor (accuracy = ± 5%) that was cross calibrated to the Li-Cor cosine corrected PAR sensor (LI-193). Additionally, light values (PAR) from six different positions in each tank were compared to determine spatial differences within each tank. There was no significant difference in light between positions in each tank (n=4 position-1 tank-1). Based on these results, light was measured in the center of the tank ~daily for the duration of the experiment using the Li-Cor 193 spherical underwater quantum sensor. To further reduce any potential position effects with respect to incoming water, heater position, or bubble stream, the positions of the coral fragments in the tank were changed weekly.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p dir=&amp;quot;ltr&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Experimental temperature conditions: &amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;Temperature treatment conditions were programmed to mimic the natural daily fluctuations (0.75 °C ± 0.06) of the environment at the collection sites in Kāneʻohe Bay, Hawaiʻi (NOAA Moku o Loʻe Buoy data from September 2018). Based on these data, high temperature treatment fluctuated between ~29-30°C to reflect previous marine heatwaves in Kāneʻohe Bay, Hawaiʻi (+2°C above ambient temperature). Temperature was monitored with Apex Extended Life Temperature Probes (accuracy = ± 0.05 °C, Neptune Systems) and temperature loggers (HOBO Water Temp Pro v2, accuracy = ±0.21°C, resolution = 0.02°C, Onset Computer Corp) that were placed in each tank at the same height as the coral fragments for the duration of the experiment and logged temperature at 10 minute intervals. Temperature was separately controlled by submersible heaters (ProHeat D-1500 Heater Controllers, precision ± 1°C) due to the electrical demand of the heaters. Ambient temperature treatments were not controlled, and thus reflected the natural conditions of Kāneʻohe Bay.&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

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          </gmd:processStep>
          </gmd:LI_Lineage>
      </gmd:lineage>
   </gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
  </gmd:dataQualityInfo>
  <gmd:metadataMaintenance>
    <gmd:MD_MaintenanceInformation>
      <gmd:maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency>
        <gmd:MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode" codeListValue="asNeeded" codeSpace="009">asNeeded</gmd:MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode>
      </gmd:maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency>
      <gmd:maintenanceNote>
        <gco:CharacterString>7.x-1.1</gco:CharacterString>
      </gmd:maintenanceNote>
      <gmd:contact>
        <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
  <gmd:organisationName>
    <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/affiliation/191.rdf" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)</gmx:Anchor>
  </gmd:organisationName>
  <gmd:contactInfo>
    <gmd:CI_Contact>
		  <gmd:phone>
		    <gmd:CI_Telephone>
				  <gmd:voice>
				    <gco:CharacterString>Unavailable</gco:CharacterString>
				  </gmd:voice>
				  <gmd:facsimile>
				    <gco:CharacterString>508-289-2009</gco:CharacterString>
				  </gmd:facsimile>
				</gmd:CI_Telephone>
		  </gmd:phone>
		  <gmd:address>
		    <gmd:CI_Address>
				  <gmd:deliveryPoint>
				    <gco:CharacterString>WHOI MS#36</gco:CharacterString>
				  </gmd:deliveryPoint>
				  <gmd:city>
				    <gco:CharacterString>Woods Hole</gco:CharacterString>
				  </gmd:city>
				  <gmd:administrativeArea>
				    <gco:CharacterString>MA</gco:CharacterString>
				  </gmd:administrativeArea>
				  <gmd:postalCode>
				    <gco:CharacterString>02543</gco:CharacterString>
				  </gmd:postalCode>
				  <gmd:country>
				    <gco:CharacterString>USA</gco:CharacterString>
				  </gmd:country>
				  <gmd:electronicMailAddress>
				    <gco:CharacterString>info@bco-dmo.org</gco:CharacterString>
				  </gmd:electronicMailAddress>
		    </gmd:CI_Address>
		  </gmd:address>
      <gmd:onlineResource>
          <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
            <gmd:linkage>
              <gmd:URL>http://www.bco-dmo.org</gmd:URL>
            </gmd:linkage>
          </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
        </gmd:onlineResource>
		  <gmd:hoursOfService>
        <gco:CharacterString>Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm</gco:CharacterString>
      </gmd:hoursOfService>
		  <gmd:contactInstructions>
		    <gco:CharacterString>For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.</gco:CharacterString>
		  </gmd:contactInstructions>
		</gmd:CI_Contact>
  </gmd:contactInfo>
  <gmd:role>
    <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="pointOfContact"  codeSpace="007">pointOfContact</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
  </gmd:role>
</gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
      </gmd:contact>
    </gmd:MD_MaintenanceInformation>
  </gmd:metadataMaintenance>
  <gmi:acquisitionInformation>
    <gmi:MI_AcquisitionInformation>
    <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument>
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/instrument/564.rdf" xlink:title="Onset HOBO Pro v2 temperature logger" xlink:actuate="onRequest">HOBO Water Temp Pro v2 Onset Computer Corp</gmx:Anchor>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>HOBO Water Temp Pro v2 Onset Computer Corp</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>PI Supplied Instrument Name: HOBO Water Temp Pro v2 Onset Computer Corp Instrument Name: Onset HOBO Pro v2 temperature logger Instrument Short Name:HOBO U22-001   Instrument Description: The HOBO Water Temp Pro v2 temperature logger, manufactured by Onset Computer Corporation, has 12-bit resolution and a precision sensor for ±0.2°C accuracy over a wide temperature range. It is designed for extended deployment in fresh or salt water.

Operation range: -40° to 70°C (-40° to 158°F) in air; maximum sustained temperature of 50°C (122°F) in water
Accuracy: 0.2°C over 0° to 50°C (0.36°F over 32° to 122°F)
Resolution: 0.02°C at 25°C (0.04°F at 77°F)
Response time: (90%) 5 minutes in water; 12 minutes in air moving 2 m/sec (typical)
Stability (drift): 0.1°C (0.18°F) per year
Real-time clock: ± 1 minute per month 0° to 50°C (32° to 122°F)

Additional information (http://www.onsetcomp.com/)
Onset Computer Corporation
470 MacArthur Blvd
Bourne, MA 02532 Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/134/</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      </gmi:MI_AcquisitionInformation>
  </gmi:acquisitionInformation>
</gmi:MI_Metadata>
