http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/887279 eng; USA utf8 dataset Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact 2023-01-17 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Behavioral assays to assess the ability of G. marleyi to detect and preferentially differentiate between Caribbean reef fish hosts in John Brewers Bay, St Thomas, US Virgin Islands 2023-01-25 publication 2023-01-25 revision Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA) 2023-01-25 publication https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.887279.1 Paul C. Sikkel Arkansas State University principalInvestigator Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. publisher Cite this dataset as: Vondriska, C., Packard, A. J., Sikkel, P. C. (2023) Behavioral assays to assess the ability of G. marleyi to detect and preferentially differentiate between Caribbean reef fish hosts in John Brewers Bay, St Thomas, US Virgin Islands. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2023-01-25 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.887279.1 [access date] Methods and Sampling: &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Host species:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Host fishes selected for testing were French grunt (&lt;em&gt;Haemulon flavolineatum&lt;/em&gt;: Haemulidae), lane snapper (&lt;em&gt;Lutjanus synagris&lt;/em&gt;: Lutjanidae), longspine squirrelfish (&lt;em&gt;Holocentrus rufus&lt;/em&gt;: Holocentridae), and longfin damselfish (&lt;em&gt;Stegastes diencaeus&lt;/em&gt;: Pomacentridae). French grunt and lane snapper are carnivorous, nocturnal fish that forage in seagrass and sandy areas at night and school on reefs during the day.&amp;nbsp;Both species are highly and similarly susceptible to gnathiids. French grunts are locally abundant and are known to be able to attract gnathiids with only chemical cues&amp;nbsp;and therefore were used as a standard for the experiments (see below). Longspine squirrelfish are nocturnal invertivores that forage at night and shelter in or near refuges on reefs during the day. Finally, longfin damselfish are diurnal herbivores that are highly territorial. Longspine squirrelfish and longfin damselfish represent moderate and low susceptibility to gnathiids, respectively.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Field collection:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Juvenile &lt;em&gt;Gnathia marleyi &lt;/em&gt;and adult host fishes were collected from John Brewers Bay, St. Thomas, United States Virgin Islands (18°20’ N, 64°58’ W) from May to August 2019 and January to March 2020. Gnathiids were collected using zooplankton light traps similar to those described by Artim and Sikkel (2016). They were held at the University of the Virgin Islands’ MacLean Marine Science Center in small colonies in 150-milliliter (ml) containers filled with filtered seawater. All host fishes were caught by free divers using cast nets and were held in a 2800-Liter tank with continuously flowing seawater, at 28 degrees C. Fish were kept for no longer than 24 hours and all were returned to the original capture site.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Behavioral assays:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt; To assess the ability of &lt;em&gt;G. marleyi&lt;/em&gt; to detect and preferentially differentiate between hosts of different susceptibility an Atema choice flume was used. The Atema flume allows two separate sources of water to flow through a choice arena without mixing. Within the choice arena, an organism is able to move freely between the two sources. Water was fed at 100 milliliters per minute into the choice flume. Preliminary trials indicated that this flow rate was high enough to provide a laminar flow within the flume but low enough to allow a gnathiid to swim freely without being impeded by the water flow. A single gnathiid was placed in the center of a ‘choice arena’, allowing it to move freely throughout the arena and/or swim towards a preferred water source. Immediately after placing in the flume, a two-minute habituation period began followed by a three-minute testing period. During the testing period, the position (left or right side of the flume) was recorded using a Canon EOS Rebel T5i digital camera under near-infrared lighting. Due to recording limitations, only the larger, third-stage unfed, juvenile gnathiid isopods were used in behavioral assays. Preliminary experiments showed that gnathiid isopods did not react to and exhibited typical behavior patterns under infrared or near-infrared lighting. All trials were conducted between dusk and dawn to assure they were done during peak gnathiid activity. After the testing period, the gnathiid was removed for one minute while the flume was flushed, and the sources were exchanged. The habituation and testing periods were then repeated with the same individual to ensure a side preference was not being displayed.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;To determine behavioral preferences toward specific chemical cues, filtered seawater (200-μm) was conditioned using host fish. Before conditioning, all fish were inspected to ensure that there were no parasites currently infesting the fish. To condition seawater with host chemical cues, a single host fish (French grunt: n = 8, size range: 51–128 millimeters (mm); lane snapper: n = 5, size range: 80–120 mm; longspine squirrelfish: n = 8, size range: 80–130 mm; longfin damselfish: n = 12; size range: 56–92 mm) was held in an aerated closed 15-liter aquarium for 60 minutes. When comparing the chemical cues of two fish species simultaneously, individuals of a similar size were paired together. Before assays, water types were randomly assigned to either side of the flume.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;To confirm the ability of gnathiid isopods to detect host chemical cues, gnathiids (n = 15) were offered the choice between water conditioned with the chemicals of French grunt against untreated filtered seawater. To determine if gnathiids have a preference for hosts of higher susceptibility, gnathiids were offered a choice between French grunt and another fish. Trials conducted included: 1) French grunt versus lane snapper (high vs high susceptibility); 2) French grunt versus longspine squirrelfish (high vs medium susceptibility); and 3) French grunt versus longfin damselfish (high vs low susceptibility). In total, 45 (15 each) behavioral assays were conducted between the three comparison species. Each assay consisted of two 180-second trials with 360 seconds worth of behavioral recordings for each gnathiid.&lt;/p&gt; Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1536794 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1536794 completed Paul C. Sikkel Arkansas State University 270-293-5489 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami FL 33149-1031 USA pcs75@miami.edu pointOfContact asNeeded Dataset Version: 1 Unknown Trial Treatment Date Time_Hf Time_Treatment Canon EOS Rebel T5i digital camera Host-attraction trap Lighted plankton trap theme None, User defined number of replicates treatment date time_elapsed featureType BCO-DMO Standard Parameters Camera Fish Cage Plankton Net Swimming Flume instrument BCO-DMO Standard Instruments otherRestrictions otherRestrictions Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use. Beyond Cleaning and Symbiosis: Ecology of &#039;Ticks of the Sea&#039; on Coral Reefs https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/562115 Beyond Cleaning and Symbiosis: Ecology of &#039;Ticks of the Sea&#039; on Coral Reefs <p><em>NSF Award Abstract:</em><br /> Most research on the complex biological interactions that inhabit coral reefs has focused on larger organisms that are easily observed by divers. However, marine scientists are increasingly aware of the importance of the tiny organisms that make up the "smaller majority." This includes parasites, organisms that feed on other organisms without killing them, which may make up as many as 80% of the species on coral reefs. Among the most important parasitic organisms on coral reefs are gnathiid isopods, so-called 'ticks of the sea', that share many similarities with blood-feeding ticks and other arthropods on land. Like ticks and mosquitoes, gnathiids transmit malaria-like blood parasites. In high numbers, they can remove enough blood to kill adult fish, but even a single gnathiid can kill a juvenile fish. Thus, gnathiids may have a significant effect on coral reef communities through their effects on coral reef fishes. This project will use an integrative interdisciplinary approach involving field and laboratory observations and experiments, and molecular tools. In addition to contributing to our understanding of life in our oceans, this research will provide continued support for U.S. Doctoral and Masters students and will create valuable research opportunities for undergraduates from multiple institutions. The project will further build on the investigators existing relationships with resource managers, local divers, fishers, and boat operators, as well as K-12 schools and environmental education programs, and will contribute to local economies. A major goal of our outreach efforts will include an exhibit featuring our research at Coral World Ocean Park on St. Thomas, participation in Virgin Islands radio programs, and hosting high school students from South Carolina Governor's School.</p> <p>The overall goal this investigation is to understand the ecology of fish-parasite interactions on coral reef and associated ecosystems. This project focuses on fish-parasitic gnathiid isopods, the most common ectoparasites of coral reef fishes that are best known for their role in cleaning symbiosis, as the major food item of cleaner fishes. However, their abundance, host range, role as micropredator, disease vector, and potential prey item for other species, as well as their strong association with the benthos suggests the potential for much stronger community impacts. The goals for this project are to: 1) characterize the factors influencing local gnathiid isopod density by examining the role of fish-hosts, benthic cover, gnathiid predators including cleaners, and gnathiid conspecific attraction; 2) determine and quantify variation in host exploitation and the effects of gnathiid density on larval fish-host recruitment. To accomplish the first objective, the investigators will trap gnathiids from the substrate at sites in the Caribbean, Australia, and the Philippines. Variables associated with benthic habitat as well as local fish communities will be quantified and compared with local gnathiid abundance. Laboratory experiments will be conducted to determine the effects of different host species on gnathiid growth and reproduction and to determine the role of conspecific attraction in the formation of aggregations. Predators of gnathiids will be identified through examination of gut contents and through laboratory feeding studies. To accomplish the second objective, patterns of host-exploitation will be determined by DNA barcoding of blood meals from wild-caught gnathiids and results compared with the availability of different host species. To determine the effects of gnathiids on early life history stages of coral reef fishes, gnathiid abundance will be manipulated on small artificial patch reefs onto which newly-settled reef fishes will be transplanted.</p> Gnathiid isopod ecology largerWorkCitation project eng; USA biota oceans -64.966 -64.966 18.333 18.333 2019-07-05 2020-03-10 Eastern Caribbean, Philippines, Australia 0 BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Behavioral assays to assess the ability of G. marleyi to detect and preferentially differentiate between Caribbean reef fish hosts in John Brewers Bay, St Thomas, US Virgin Islands Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/887728.rdf Name: Trial Units: unitless Description: <p>Trial number</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/887729.rdf Name: Treatment Units: unitless Description: <p>Host used to condition water with chemical cues in comparison (Control = unconditioned; Ls = Lutjanus synagris; Hr = Holocentrus rufus; Sd = Stegastes diencaeus)</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/887730.rdf Name: Date Units: unitless Description: <p>Date of laboratory experiment</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/887731.rdf Name: Time_Hf Units: unitless Description: <p>Time in seconds spent in water conditioned with the chemical cues of Haemulon flavolineatum</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/887732.rdf Name: Time_Treatment Units: unitless Description: <p>Time in seconds spent in water conditioned with the chemical cues of the treatment cell</p> GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact 1900 https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/bitstream/1912/29622/1/dataset-887279_behavioral-assays-g-marleyi__v1.tsv download https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.887279.1 download onLine dataset &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Host species:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Host fishes selected for testing were French grunt (&lt;em&gt;Haemulon flavolineatum&lt;/em&gt;: Haemulidae), lane snapper (&lt;em&gt;Lutjanus synagris&lt;/em&gt;: Lutjanidae), longspine squirrelfish (&lt;em&gt;Holocentrus rufus&lt;/em&gt;: Holocentridae), and longfin damselfish (&lt;em&gt;Stegastes diencaeus&lt;/em&gt;: Pomacentridae). French grunt and lane snapper are carnivorous, nocturnal fish that forage in seagrass and sandy areas at night and school on reefs during the day.&amp;nbsp;Both species are highly and similarly susceptible to gnathiids. French grunts are locally abundant and are known to be able to attract gnathiids with only chemical cues&amp;nbsp;and therefore were used as a standard for the experiments (see below). Longspine squirrelfish are nocturnal invertivores that forage at night and shelter in or near refuges on reefs during the day. Finally, longfin damselfish are diurnal herbivores that are highly territorial. Longspine squirrelfish and longfin damselfish represent moderate and low susceptibility to gnathiids, respectively.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Field collection:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Juvenile &lt;em&gt;Gnathia marleyi &lt;/em&gt;and adult host fishes were collected from John Brewers Bay, St. Thomas, United States Virgin Islands (18°20’ N, 64°58’ W) from May to August 2019 and January to March 2020. Gnathiids were collected using zooplankton light traps similar to those described by Artim and Sikkel (2016). They were held at the University of the Virgin Islands’ MacLean Marine Science Center in small colonies in 150-milliliter (ml) containers filled with filtered seawater. All host fishes were caught by free divers using cast nets and were held in a 2800-Liter tank with continuously flowing seawater, at 28 degrees C. Fish were kept for no longer than 24 hours and all were returned to the original capture site.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Behavioral assays:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt; To assess the ability of &lt;em&gt;G. marleyi&lt;/em&gt; to detect and preferentially differentiate between hosts of different susceptibility an Atema choice flume was used. The Atema flume allows two separate sources of water to flow through a choice arena without mixing. Within the choice arena, an organism is able to move freely between the two sources. Water was fed at 100 milliliters per minute into the choice flume. Preliminary trials indicated that this flow rate was high enough to provide a laminar flow within the flume but low enough to allow a gnathiid to swim freely without being impeded by the water flow. A single gnathiid was placed in the center of a ‘choice arena’, allowing it to move freely throughout the arena and/or swim towards a preferred water source. Immediately after placing in the flume, a two-minute habituation period began followed by a three-minute testing period. During the testing period, the position (left or right side of the flume) was recorded using a Canon EOS Rebel T5i digital camera under near-infrared lighting. Due to recording limitations, only the larger, third-stage unfed, juvenile gnathiid isopods were used in behavioral assays. Preliminary experiments showed that gnathiid isopods did not react to and exhibited typical behavior patterns under infrared or near-infrared lighting. All trials were conducted between dusk and dawn to assure they were done during peak gnathiid activity. After the testing period, the gnathiid was removed for one minute while the flume was flushed, and the sources were exchanged. The habituation and testing periods were then repeated with the same individual to ensure a side preference was not being displayed.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;To determine behavioral preferences toward specific chemical cues, filtered seawater (200-μm) was conditioned using host fish. Before conditioning, all fish were inspected to ensure that there were no parasites currently infesting the fish. To condition seawater with host chemical cues, a single host fish (French grunt: n = 8, size range: 51–128 millimeters (mm); lane snapper: n = 5, size range: 80–120 mm; longspine squirrelfish: n = 8, size range: 80–130 mm; longfin damselfish: n = 12; size range: 56–92 mm) was held in an aerated closed 15-liter aquarium for 60 minutes. When comparing the chemical cues of two fish species simultaneously, individuals of a similar size were paired together. Before assays, water types were randomly assigned to either side of the flume.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;To confirm the ability of gnathiid isopods to detect host chemical cues, gnathiids (n = 15) were offered the choice between water conditioned with the chemicals of French grunt against untreated filtered seawater. To determine if gnathiids have a preference for hosts of higher susceptibility, gnathiids were offered a choice between French grunt and another fish. Trials conducted included: 1) French grunt versus lane snapper (high vs high susceptibility); 2) French grunt versus longspine squirrelfish (high vs medium susceptibility); and 3) French grunt versus longfin damselfish (high vs low susceptibility). In total, 45 (15 each) behavioral assays were conducted between the three comparison species. Each assay consisted of two 180-second trials with 360 seconds worth of behavioral recordings for each gnathiid.&lt;/p&gt; Specified by the Principal Investigator(s) &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Statistical analysis:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;All statistical analyses were performed using RStudio (Version 1.2.1335). For behavioral assays, the time spent in the test species water within an Atema flume did not conform to a normal distribution and could not be transformed to fit a normal distribution, so a Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the time spent in test species water between treatment level. A Dunn’s Multiple Comparison Test was then used to determine any differences between treatments (e.g. Control versus lane snapper, lane snapper versus longspine squirrelfish, etc.). Independently, Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests were used to evaluate the differences in chemical preference within each treatment level (e.g. French grunt versus each level of susceptibility).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Video data was collected using a DLSR camera. Video data was analyzed manually. Statistical analyses were conducted in RStudio (Version 1.2.1335).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;BCO-DMO Processing Description:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; - Missing data identifier ‘NA’ replaced with 'nd' (BCO-DMO's default missing data identifier)&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt; - Adjusted field/parameter names to comply with BCO-DMO naming conventions&lt;br /&gt; - Added a conventional header with dataset name, PI names, version date&lt;br /&gt; - Added &quot;date&quot; column and converted dates to ISO date format (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mmZ)&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; Specified by the Principal Investigator(s) asNeeded 7.x-1.1 Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact Canon EOS Rebel T5i digital camera Canon EOS Rebel T5i digital camera PI Supplied Instrument Name: Canon EOS Rebel T5i digital camera Instrument Name: Camera Instrument Short Name:camera Instrument Description: All types of photographic equipment including stills, video, film and digital systems. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/311/ Host-attraction trap Host-attraction trap PI Supplied Instrument Name: Host-attraction trap PI Supplied Instrument Description:Host-attraction traps: PVC tubing with a reversed funnel on each side. An individual host is placed within the trap to test chemical attraction for gnathiids. Instrument Name: Fish Cage Instrument Short Name:Fish Cage Instrument Description: Used to catch fish. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/90/ Lighted plankton trap Lighted plankton trap PI Supplied Instrument Name: Lighted plankton trap PI Supplied Instrument Description:Lighted plankton traps: PVC tubing with a reversed funnel. A light is shined out of the funnel to attract plankton (including gnathiids) into the trap. Instrument Name: Plankton Net Instrument Short Name:Plankton Net Instrument Description: A Plankton Net is a generic term for a sampling net that is used to collect plankton. It is used only when detailed instrument documentation is not available. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/22/ PI Supplied Instrument Name: PI Supplied Instrument Description:Two-channel choice flume: an instrument for performing behavioral assays related to chemical detection. Instrument Name: Swimming Flume Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: A tool used to analyze and quantify fish swimming behavior, physiology, and performance.