http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/888772
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2023-02-01
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Particulate trace element concentrations measured during four cruises in 2019 at locations around the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) station
2025-10-24
publication
2025-10-24
revision
Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)
2023-09-05
publication
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.888772.1
Benjamin Twining
Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences
principalInvestigator
Daniel C. Ohnemus
Skidaway Institute of Oceanography
principalInvestigator
Laura E. Sofen
Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Twining, B., Ohnemus, D. C., Sofen, L. (2025) Particulate trace element concentrations measured during four cruises in 2019 at locations around the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) station. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 2) Version Date 2025-10-24 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.888772.2 [access date]
2019 BAIT Particulate Metals Dataset Description: Methods and Sampling: <p>Water column samples were collected by the Bermuda Atlantic Iron Timeseries (BAIT) sampling team from 12 trace metal clean modified 6-liter (L) Niskin-X samplers (General Oceanics Inc.) deployed on a clean CTD rosette system (Sedwick et al. 2005). Water was decanted from Niskin-X bottles in a trace metal van, transferred to trace metal bubble, and passed through 25-millimeter (mm) 0.45-micrometer (um) Supor (Pall Gelman) membranes via positive pressure from 0.2-um filtered air. Between 2.4-4.1L (mean = 3.6L) were passed through each filter membrane. Membranes were frozen at -20 degrees Celsius (C) until processing and analysis.</p>
<p>All digestion steps were performed in a Class-100 clean room using standard clean techniques. Filters were cut in half using a ceramic blade, using a cutting template and a light table to aid precision. One half was digested following the protocol of Berger et al. (2008) to obtain labile particulate concentrations; the other was digested using a 4M HCl, 4M HNO3, and 4M HF mixture as described in Ohnemus et al. (2014) to obtain total particulate element concentrations. Labile particulate filter halves were leached in a solution of 25% Optima-grade acetic acid and 0.02 M hydroxylamine hydrochloride following the protocol of Berger et al. (2008). One milliliter (mL) of this solution was added to the filter stored in a 1.7 mL polypropylene vial. Following the recommendation of Berger et al. (2008), the solution was heated to 95°C in a water bath for 10 minutes and then allowed to cool to room temperature. The filter was in contact with the acetic acid leach for a total of two hours, after which the filter was removed from the polypropylene vial and the acetic acid/hydroxylamine leachate was centrifuged at 14,000 rotations per minute (rpm) for 10 minutes to sediment all particles. Without disturbing particles on the bottom of the tube, approximately 0.8 mL of leachate was transferred into an acid-cleaned 7 mL PFA digestion vial. Optima-grade HNO3 was added (100 microliters (uL)) to the digestion vial, which was subsequently heated uncapped at 110ºC to near dryness. Vial contents were redissolved with 2% HNO3 (Optima grade).</p>
<p>Total particulate metals were determined by digestion of the second filter half. The filter was transferred to a rigorously cleaned 22-mL PFA vial, 2 mL of a solution containing 4M HCl, 4M HNO3, and 4M HF (all Optima grade) was added to completely cover the filter piece, and the vial was tightly capped and heated to 110°C for 4 hours. This procedure has been determined to be adequate for digestion of all particulate material, while allowing the Supor filter to remain intact (Ohnemus et al. 2014). Following heating, the acid solution in the bomb was poured into a second PFA vial, leaving the filter piece behind. To ensure complete transfer of acid, the bombs were thoroughly rinsed with 3 × 0.5 mL aliquots of ultrapure water which were poured into the secondary vial. The secondary vial was then heated to dryness and the contents redissolved with 2 mL of a 50% Optima-grade HNO3 + 15% Optima-grade H2O2 (v/v of concentrated reagents) solution. This solution was again dried down and the contents redissolved with 2% HNO3.</p>
<p>All digests were analyzed using a Thermo Element2 HR-ICP-MS at the University of Maine following the protocols outlined in Twining et al. (2011). The instrument is equipped with a cyclonic nebulizer, an autosampler contained under a HEPA filter, and nickel cones. Quantification was performed by external calibration, and In-115 was used as an internal standard to correct for variations in instrumental sensitivity during analyses.</p>
<p>Cs-133, spiked during the initial sample digestions, was used as a process recovery monitor, but no samples were discarded or corrected using the Cs recoveries, as typical Cs recoveries were 95-105%.</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1829819 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1829819
completed
Benjamin Twining
Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences
207-315-2567
60 Bigelow Drive PO Box 380
East Boothbay
ME
04544-0380
USA
btwining@bigelow.org
pointOfContact
Daniel C. Ohnemus
Skidaway Institute of Oceanography
912-598-2414
10 Ocean Science Circle
Savannah
GA
31411
USA
dan@uga.edu
pointOfContact
Laura E. Sofen
Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences
207-315-2567
60 Bigelow Drive
East Boothbay
Maine
04544
USA
lsofen@bigelow.org
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 2
Unknown
CRUISE
STATION
UNIQUE_CAST_ID
SAMPLE_ID
TMP
DEPTH
STATION_TYPE
DATE
LATITUDE
LONGITUDE
AL27_TPL_CONC_BOTTLE
AL27_TPL_FLAG_BOTTLE
P31_TPL_CONC_BOTTLE
P31_TPL_FLAG_BOTTLE
TI47_TPL_CONC_BOTTLE
TI47_TPL_FLAG_BOTTLE
V51_TPL_CONC_BOTTLE
V51_TPL_FLAG_BOTTLE
MN55_TPL_CONC_BOTTLE
MN55_TPL_FLAG_BOTTLE
FE57_TPL_CONC_BOTTLE
FE57_TPL_FLAG_BOTTLE
CO59_TPL_CONC_BOTTLE
CO59_TPL_FLAG_BOTTLE
NI62_TPL_CONC_BOTTLE
NI62_TPL_FLAG_BOTTLE
CU63_TPL_CONC_BOTTLE
CU63_TPL_FLAG_BOTTLE
ZN68_TPL_CONC_BOTTLE
ZN68_TPL_FLAG_BOTTLE
CD111_TPL_CONC_BOTTLE
CD111_TPL_FLAG_BOTTLE
BA137_TPL_CONC_BOTTLE
BA137_TPL_FLAG_BOTTLE
PB208_TPL_CONC_BOTTLE
PB208_TPL_FLAG_BOTTLE
TH232_TPL_CONC_BOTTLE
TH232_TPL_FLAG_BOTTLE
AL27_TP_CONC_BOTTLE
AL27_TP_FLAG_BOTTLE
P31_TP_CONC_BOTTLE
P31_TP_FLAG_BOTTLE
TI47_TP_CONC_BOTTLE
TI47_TP_FLAG_BOTTLE
V51_TP_CONC_BOTTLE
V51_TP_FLAG_BOTTLE
MN55_TP_CONC_BOTTLE
MN55_TP_FLAG_BOTTLE
FE57_TP_CONC_BOTTLE
FE57_TP_FLAG_BOTTLE
CO59_TP_CONC_BOTTLE
CO59_TP_FLAG_BOTTLE
NI62_TP_CONC_BOTTLE
NI62_TP_FLAG_BOTTLE
CU63_TP_CONC_BOTTLE
CU63_TP_FLAG_BOTTLE
ZN68_TP_CONC_BOTTLE
ZN68_TP_FLAG_BOTTLE
CD111_TP_CONC_BOTTLE
CD111_TP_FLAG_BOTTLE
BA137_TP_CONC_BOTTLE
BA137_TP_FLAG_BOTTLE
PB208_TP_CONC_BOTTLE
PB208_TP_FLAG_BOTTLE
TH232_TP_CONC_BOTTLE
TH232_TP_FLAG_BOTTLE
SBE 19 plus
Thermo Element2 HR-ICP-MS
Niskin-X samplers
theme
None, User defined
Cruise identfier
station
cast
sample identification
depth
site description
date
latitude
longitude
Aluminum
quality flag
Phosphorus
Titanium
Vanadium
Manganese
Iron
Cobalt
Nickel
Copper
Zinc
Cadmium
Barium
Lead
Thorium-232
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
CTD Sea-Bird SBE SEACAT 19plus
Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer
Niskin-1010X
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
AE1909
AE1921
AE1930
EN631
service
Deployment Activity
Western North Atlantic; Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series Study region, waters of the western Subtropical North Atlantic Gyre (ca. 30°N-33°N, 62°W-65°W)
Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series Study region, waters of the western Subtropical North Atlantic Gyre (ca. 30°N-33°N, 62°W-65°W)
place
Locations
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
U.S. GEOTRACES
http://www.geotraces.org/
U.S. GEOTRACES
GEOTRACES is a SCOR sponsored program; and funding for program infrastructure development is provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation.
GEOTRACES gained momentum following a special symposium, S02: Biogeochemical cycling of trace elements and isotopes in the ocean and applications to constrain contemporary marine processes (GEOSECS II), at a 2003 Goldschmidt meeting convened in Japan. The GEOSECS II acronym referred to the Geochemical Ocean Section Studies To determine full water column distributions of selected trace elements and isotopes, including their concentration, chemical speciation, and physical form, along a sufficient number of sections in each ocean basin to establish the principal relationships between these distributions and with more traditional hydrographic parameters;
* To evaluate the sources, sinks, and internal cycling of these species and thereby characterize more completely the physical, chemical and biological processes regulating their distributions, and the sensitivity of these processes to global change; and
* To understand the processes that control the concentrations of geochemical species used for proxies of the past environment, both in the water column and in the substrates that reflect the water column.
GEOTRACES will be global in scope, consisting of ocean sections complemented by regional process studies. Sections and process studies will combine fieldwork, laboratory experiments and modelling. Beyond realizing the scientific objectives identified above, a natural outcome of this work will be to build a community of marine scientists who understand the processes regulating trace element cycles sufficiently well to exploit this knowledge reliably in future interdisciplinary studies.
Expand "Projects" below for information about and data resulting from individual US GEOTRACES research projects.
U.S. GEOTRACES
largerWorkCitation
program
NSFGEO-NERC: Collaborative Research: Using Time-series Field Observations to Constrain an Ocean Iron Model
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/822807
NSFGEO-NERC: Collaborative Research: Using Time-series Field Observations to Constrain an Ocean Iron Model
<p><strong><em>NSF and NERC Award Abstract:</em></strong><br />
Iron is an essential nutrient for the growth of phytoplankton in the oceans. As such, iron plays key roles in regulating marine primary production and the cycling of carbon. It is thus important that models of ocean biology and chemistry consider iron, in order to explore past, present and future variations in marine productivity and the role of the ocean in the global carbon cycle. In this joint project involving researchers in the U.S. and the U.K., supported by both NSF and the Natural Environment Research Council (U.K.), field data from the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) region will be combined with an established, state-of-the-art ocean biogeochemical model. By leveraging the known seasonal-scale physical, chemical and biological changes in the BATS region, the oceanographic context provided by the BATS core data, and an existing model of the regional physical circulation, the proposed study will yield process-related information that is of general applicability to the open ocean. In particular, the proposed research will focus on understanding the atmospheric input, biological uptake, regeneration and scavenging removal of dissolved iron in the oceanic water column, which have emerged as major uncertainties in the ocean iron cycle. The project will include significant educational and training contributions at the K-12, undergraduate, graduate and postdoctoral levels, as well as public outreach efforts that aim to explain the research and its importance.</p>
<p>The ability of ocean models to simulate iron remains crude, owing to an insufficient understanding of the mechanisms that drive variability in dissolved iron, particularly the involvement of iron-binding ligands, colloids and particles in the surface input, biological uptake, regeneration and scavenging of dissolved iron in the upper ocean. Basin-scale data produced by the GEOTRACES program provide an important resource for testing and improving models and, by extension, our mechanistic understanding of the ocean iron cycle. However such data provide only quasi-synoptic 'snapshots', which limits their utility in isolating and identifying the processes that control dissolved iron in the upper ocean. The proposed research aims to provide mechanistic insight into these governing processes by combining time-series data from the BATS region with numerical modeling experiments. Specifically, seasonally resolved data on the vertical (upper 2,000 meters) and lateral (tens of kilometers) distributions of particulate, dissolved, colloidal, soluble and ligand-bound iron species will be obtained from the chemical analysis of water column samples collected during five cruises, spanning a full annual cycle, shared with the monthly BATS program cruises. These data, along with ancillary data from the BATS program, will be used to test and inform numerical modeling experiments, and thus derive an improved understanding of the mechanisms that control the distribution and dynamics of dissolved iron in the oceanic water column.</p>
<p>This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.</p>
<p>This is a project jointly funded by the National Science Foundation’s Directorate for Geosciences (NSF/GEO) and the National Environment Research Council (NERC) of the United Kingdom (UK). </p>
BAIT
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
Western North Atlantic; Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series Study region, waters of the western Subtropical North Atlantic Gyre (ca. 30°N-33°N, 62°W-65°W); Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series Study region, waters of the western Subtropical North Atlantic Gyre (ca. 30°N-33°N, 62°W-65°W)
-64.823408
-63.563552
31.176883
32.151008
2019-03-11
2019-11-21
Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series Study region, waters of the western Subtropical North Atlantic Gyre (ca. 30°N-33°N, 62°W-65°W)
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Particulate trace element concentrations measured during four cruises in 2019 at locations around the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) station
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987935.rdf
Name: CRUISE
Units: unitless
Description: <p>BAIT project cruise number:Cruise 1 = R/V Endeavor EN631Cruise 2 = R/V Atlantic Explorer AE1909Cruise 3 = R/V Atlantic Explorer AE1921Cruise 4 = R/V Atlantic Explorer AE1930</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987936.rdf
Name: STATION
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Station location (BATS or numbered spatial station)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987937.rdf
Name: UNIQUE_CAST_ID
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Cruise and cast number</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987938.rdf
Name: SAMPLE_ID
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Cruise, cast, and depth ID</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987939.rdf
Name: TMP
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Rosette cast (1-3 for each cruise)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987940.rdf
Name: DEPTH
Units: meters (m)
Description: <p>Depth (m) of bottle</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987941.rdf
Name: STATION_TYPE
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Station position relative to BATS</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987942.rdf
Name: DATE
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Date of sample collection</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987943.rdf
Name: LATITUDE
Units: degrees North
Description: <p>Latitude, degrees N</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987944.rdf
Name: LONGITUDE
Units: degrees East
Description: <p>Longitude, degrees E</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987945.rdf
Name: AL27_TPL_CONC_BOTTLE
Units: picomolar (pM)
Description: <p>Concentration of total particulate labile Al27 (pM)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987946.rdf
Name: AL27_TPL_FLAG_BOTTLE
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for total particulate measurement of Al27 (1 = good value, 6 = below detection limit, 6a = below blank, 9 = missing value)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987947.rdf
Name: P31_TPL_CONC_BOTTLE
Units: picomolar (pM)
Description: <p>Concentration of total particulate labile P31 (pM)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987948.rdf
Name: P31_TPL_FLAG_BOTTLE
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for total particulate measurement of P31 (1 = good value, 6 = below detection limit, 6a = below blank, 9 = missing value)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987949.rdf
Name: TI47_TPL_CONC_BOTTLE
Units: picomolar (pM)
Description: <p>Concentration of total particulate labile Ti47 (pM)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987950.rdf
Name: TI47_TPL_FLAG_BOTTLE
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for total particulate measurement of Ti47 (1 = good value, 6 = below detection limit, 6a = below blank, 9 = missing value)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987951.rdf
Name: V51_TPL_CONC_BOTTLE
Units: picomolar (pM)
Description: <p>Concentration of total particulate labile V51 (pM)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987952.rdf
Name: V51_TPL_FLAG_BOTTLE
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for total particulate measurement of V51 (1 = good value, 6 = below detection limit, 6a = below blank, 9 = missing value)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987953.rdf
Name: MN55_TPL_CONC_BOTTLE
Units: picomolar (pM)
Description: <p>Concentration of total particulate labile Mn55 (pM)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987954.rdf
Name: MN55_TPL_FLAG_BOTTLE
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for total particulate measurement of Mn55 (1 = good value, 6 = below detection limit, 6a = below blank, 9 = missing value)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987955.rdf
Name: FE57_TPL_CONC_BOTTLE
Units: picomolar (pM)
Description: <p>Concentration of total particulate labile Fe57 (pM)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987956.rdf
Name: FE57_TPL_FLAG_BOTTLE
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for total particulate measurement of Fe57 (1 = good value, 6 = below detection limit, 6a = below blank, 9 = missing value)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987957.rdf
Name: CO59_TPL_CONC_BOTTLE
Units: picomolar (pM)
Description: <p>Concentration of total particulate labile Co59 (pM)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987958.rdf
Name: CO59_TPL_FLAG_BOTTLE
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for total particulate measurement of Co59 (1 = good value, 6 = below detection limit, 6a = below blank, 9 = missing value)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987959.rdf
Name: NI62_TPL_CONC_BOTTLE
Units: picomolar (pM)
Description: <p>Concentration of total particulate labile Ni62 (pM)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987960.rdf
Name: NI62_TPL_FLAG_BOTTLE
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for total particulate measurement of Ni62 (1 = good value, 6 = below detection limit, 6a = below blank, 9 = missing value)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987961.rdf
Name: CU63_TPL_CONC_BOTTLE
Units: picomolar (pM)
Description: <p>Concentration of total particulate labile Cu63 (pM)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987962.rdf
Name: CU63_TPL_FLAG_BOTTLE
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for total particulate measurement of Cu63 (1 = good value, 6 = below detection limit, 6a = below blank, 9 = missing value)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987963.rdf
Name: ZN68_TPL_CONC_BOTTLE
Units: picomolar (pM)
Description: <p>Concentration of total particulate labile Zn68 (pM)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987964.rdf
Name: ZN68_TPL_FLAG_BOTTLE
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for total particulate measurement of Zn68 (1 = good value, 6 = below detection limit, 6a = below blank, 9 = missing value)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987965.rdf
Name: CD111_TPL_CONC_BOTTLE
Units: picomolar (pM)
Description: <p>Concentration of total particulate labile Cd111 (pM)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987966.rdf
Name: CD111_TPL_FLAG_BOTTLE
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for total particulate measurement of Cd111 (1 = good value, 6 = below detection limit, 6a = below blank, 9 = missing value)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987967.rdf
Name: BA137_TPL_CONC_BOTTLE
Units: picomolar (pM)
Description: <p>Concentration of total particulate labile Ba137 (pM)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987968.rdf
Name: BA137_TPL_FLAG_BOTTLE
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for total particulate measurement of Ba137 (1 = good value, 6 = below detection limit, 6a = below blank, 9 = missing value)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987969.rdf
Name: PB208_TPL_CONC_BOTTLE
Units: picomolar (pM)
Description: <p>Concentration of total particulate labile Pb208 (pM)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987970.rdf
Name: PB208_TPL_FLAG_BOTTLE
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for total particulate measurement of Pb208 (1 = good value, 6 = below detection limit, 6a = below blank, 9 = missing value)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987971.rdf
Name: TH232_TPL_CONC_BOTTLE
Units: picomolar (pM)
Description: <p>Concentration of total particulate labile Th232 (pM)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987972.rdf
Name: TH232_TPL_FLAG_BOTTLE
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for total particulate measurement of Th232 (1 = good value, 6 = below detection limit, 6a = below blank, 9 = missing value)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987973.rdf
Name: AL27_TP_CONC_BOTTLE
Units: picomolar (pM)
Description: <p>Concentration of total particulate Al27 (pM)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987974.rdf
Name: AL27_TP_FLAG_BOTTLE
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for total particulate measurement of Al27 (1 = good value, 6 = below detection limit, 6a = below blank, 9 = missing value)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987975.rdf
Name: P31_TP_CONC_BOTTLE
Units: picomolar (pM)
Description: <p>Concentration of total particulate P31 (pM)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987976.rdf
Name: P31_TP_FLAG_BOTTLE
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for total particulate measurement of P31 (1 = good value, 6 = below detection limit, 6a = below blank, 9 = missing value)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987977.rdf
Name: TI47_TP_CONC_BOTTLE
Units: picomolar (pM)
Description: <p>Concentration of total particulate Ti47 (pM)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987978.rdf
Name: TI47_TP_FLAG_BOTTLE
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for total particulate measurement of Ti47 (1 = good value, 6 = below detection limit, 6a = below blank, 9 = missing value)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987979.rdf
Name: V51_TP_CONC_BOTTLE
Units: picomolar (pM)
Description: <p>Concentration of total particulate V51 (pM)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987980.rdf
Name: V51_TP_FLAG_BOTTLE
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for total particulate measurement of V51 (1 = good value, 6 = below detection limit, 6a = below blank, 9 = missing value)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987981.rdf
Name: MN55_TP_CONC_BOTTLE
Units: picomolar (pM)
Description: <p>Concentration of total particulate Mn55 (pM)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987982.rdf
Name: MN55_TP_FLAG_BOTTLE
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for total particulate measurement of Mn55 (1 = good value, 6 = below detection limit, 6a = below blank, 9 = missing value)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987983.rdf
Name: FE57_TP_CONC_BOTTLE
Units: picomolar (pM)
Description: <p>Concentration of total particulate Fe57 (pM)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987984.rdf
Name: FE57_TP_FLAG_BOTTLE
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for total particulate measurement of Fe57 (1 = good value, 6 = below detection limit, 6a = below blank, 9 = missing value)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987985.rdf
Name: CO59_TP_CONC_BOTTLE
Units: picomolar (pM)
Description: <p>Concentration of total particulate Co59 (pM)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987986.rdf
Name: CO59_TP_FLAG_BOTTLE
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for total particulate measurement of Co59 (1 = good value, 6 = below detection limit, 6a = below blank, 9 = missing value)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987987.rdf
Name: NI62_TP_CONC_BOTTLE
Units: picomolar (pM)
Description: <p>Concentration of total particulate Ni62 (pM)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987988.rdf
Name: NI62_TP_FLAG_BOTTLE
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for total particulate measurement of Ni62 (1 = good value, 6 = below detection limit, 6a = below blank, 9 = missing value)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987989.rdf
Name: CU63_TP_CONC_BOTTLE
Units: picomolar (pM)
Description: <p>Concentration of total particulate Cu63 (pM)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987990.rdf
Name: CU63_TP_FLAG_BOTTLE
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for total particulate measurement of Cu63 (1 = good value, 6 = below detection limit, 6a = below blank, 9 = missing value)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987991.rdf
Name: ZN68_TP_CONC_BOTTLE
Units: picomolar (pM)
Description: <p>Concentration of total particulate Zn68 (pM)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987992.rdf
Name: ZN68_TP_FLAG_BOTTLE
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for total particulate measurement of Zn68 (1 = good value, 6 = below detection limit, 6a = below blank, 9 = missing value)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987993.rdf
Name: CD111_TP_CONC_BOTTLE
Units: picomolar (pM)
Description: <p>Concentration of total particulate Cd111 (pM)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987994.rdf
Name: CD111_TP_FLAG_BOTTLE
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for total particulate measurement of Cd111 (1 = good value, 6 = below detection limit, 6a = below blank, 9 = missing value)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987995.rdf
Name: BA137_TP_CONC_BOTTLE
Units: picomolar (pM)
Description: <p>Concentration of total particulate Ba137 (pM)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987996.rdf
Name: BA137_TP_FLAG_BOTTLE
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for total particulate measurement of Ba137 (1 = good value, 6 = below detection limit, 6a = below blank, 9 = missing value)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987997.rdf
Name: PB208_TP_CONC_BOTTLE
Units: picomolar (pM)
Description: <p>Concentration of total particulate Pb208 (pM)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987998.rdf
Name: PB208_TP_FLAG_BOTTLE
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for total particulate measurement of Pb208 (1 = good value, 6 = below detection limit, 6a = below blank, 9 = missing value)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987999.rdf
Name: TH232_TP_CONC_BOTTLE
Units: picomolar (pM)
Description: <p>Concentration of total particulate Th232 (pM)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/988000.rdf
Name: TH232_TP_FLAG_BOTTLE
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for total particulate measurement of Th232 (1 = good value, 6 = below detection limit, 6a = below blank, 9 = missing value)</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
65641
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/9856a62b-a0ba-49d5-a668-57c24a0401b2/content
download
65641
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/04070e82-82ab-42e9-be72-08a1e9fb9da7/content
download
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.888772.1
download
onLine
dataset
<p>Water column samples were collected by the Bermuda Atlantic Iron Timeseries (BAIT) sampling team from 12 trace metal clean modified 6-liter (L) Niskin-X samplers (General Oceanics Inc.) deployed on a clean CTD rosette system (Sedwick et al. 2005). Water was decanted from Niskin-X bottles in a trace metal van, transferred to trace metal bubble, and passed through 25-millimeter (mm) 0.45-micrometer (um) Supor (Pall Gelman) membranes via positive pressure from 0.2-um filtered air. Between 2.4-4.1L (mean = 3.6L) were passed through each filter membrane. Membranes were frozen at -20 degrees Celsius (C) until processing and analysis.</p>
<p>All digestion steps were performed in a Class-100 clean room using standard clean techniques. Filters were cut in half using a ceramic blade, using a cutting template and a light table to aid precision. One half was digested following the protocol of Berger et al. (2008) to obtain labile particulate concentrations; the other was digested using a 4M HCl, 4M HNO3, and 4M HF mixture as described in Ohnemus et al. (2014) to obtain total particulate element concentrations. Labile particulate filter halves were leached in a solution of 25% Optima-grade acetic acid and 0.02 M hydroxylamine hydrochloride following the protocol of Berger et al. (2008). One milliliter (mL) of this solution was added to the filter stored in a 1.7 mL polypropylene vial. Following the recommendation of Berger et al. (2008), the solution was heated to 95°C in a water bath for 10 minutes and then allowed to cool to room temperature. The filter was in contact with the acetic acid leach for a total of two hours, after which the filter was removed from the polypropylene vial and the acetic acid/hydroxylamine leachate was centrifuged at 14,000 rotations per minute (rpm) for 10 minutes to sediment all particles. Without disturbing particles on the bottom of the tube, approximately 0.8 mL of leachate was transferred into an acid-cleaned 7 mL PFA digestion vial. Optima-grade HNO3 was added (100 microliters (uL)) to the digestion vial, which was subsequently heated uncapped at 110ºC to near dryness. Vial contents were redissolved with 2% HNO3 (Optima grade).</p>
<p>Total particulate metals were determined by digestion of the second filter half. The filter was transferred to a rigorously cleaned 22-mL PFA vial, 2 mL of a solution containing 4M HCl, 4M HNO3, and 4M HF (all Optima grade) was added to completely cover the filter piece, and the vial was tightly capped and heated to 110°C for 4 hours. This procedure has been determined to be adequate for digestion of all particulate material, while allowing the Supor filter to remain intact (Ohnemus et al. 2014). Following heating, the acid solution in the bomb was poured into a second PFA vial, leaving the filter piece behind. To ensure complete transfer of acid, the bombs were thoroughly rinsed with 3 × 0.5 mL aliquots of ultrapure water which were poured into the secondary vial. The secondary vial was then heated to dryness and the contents redissolved with 2 mL of a 50% Optima-grade HNO3 + 15% Optima-grade H2O2 (v/v of concentrated reagents) solution. This solution was again dried down and the contents redissolved with 2% HNO3.</p>
<p>All digests were analyzed using a Thermo Element2 HR-ICP-MS at the University of Maine following the protocols outlined in Twining et al. (2011). The instrument is equipped with a cyclonic nebulizer, an autosampler contained under a HEPA filter, and nickel cones. Quantification was performed by external calibration, and In-115 was used as an internal standard to correct for variations in instrumental sensitivity during analyses.</p>
<p>Cs-133, spiked during the initial sample digestions, was used as a process recovery monitor, but no samples were discarded or corrected using the Cs recoveries, as typical Cs recoveries were 95-105%.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p>All ICP-MS elemental concentration data were normalized to an In-115 internal standard and quantified using external standard curves. After accounting for sample dilutions due to acid digestion steps, quantities of each element per filter (pmol/filter) were calculated for each analytical run. The contribution of the 'process blank' (measured as the elements contained in an acid-washed filter through which 0.2-um filtered water was passed during the cruise) was then subtracted. Separate process blanks were calculated for the labile (acetic acid/hydroxylamine) and total (HCl/HNO3/HF) digestions.</p>
<p>Following process blank correction, element concentrations (per volume of water filtered) were calculated by dividing the determined picomoles per filter (pmol/filter) by the volume of water passed through each filter (measured volumetrically on the ship following each filtration).</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
Version 1:
(version date 2023-02-01)
- Imported original file "BAIT_particles_for_BCODMO.csv" into the BCO-DMO system.
- Marked "999" as a missing data value (missing data are empty/blank in the final CSV file).
- Changed longitude values that were positive to negative to indicate the West direction.
- Saved the final file as "bait_particles.csv".
Version 2:
(version date 2025-10-14)
- Corrected units of measurement in the parameters table for all particulate metal concentrations. Units were previously reported as nmol/L; however, the correct units are pmol/L.
- Renamed the data file to "888772_v2_bait_particulate_metals.csv".
Specified by BCO-DMO Data Managers
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
SBE 19 plus
SBE 19 plus
PI Supplied Instrument Name: SBE 19 plus PI Supplied Instrument Description:The seawater samples and associated hydrographic data were collected using a trace-metal clean conductivity-temperature-depth sensor (SBE 19 plus, SeaBird Electronics) mounted on a custom-built trace-metal clean carousel (SeaBird Electronics) fitted with custom-modified 5-L Teflon-lined external-closure Niskin-X samplers (General Oceanics) and deployed on an Amsteel non-metallic line. Instrument Name: CTD Sea-Bird SBE SEACAT 19plus Instrument Short Name:Sea-Bird SEACAT 19 Plus Instrument Description: Self contained self powered CTD profiler. Measures conductivity, temperature and pressure in both profiling (samples at 4 scans/sec) and moored (sample rates of once every 5 seconds to once every 9 hours) mode. Available in plastic or titanium housing with depth ranges of 600m and 7000m respectively. Minature submersible pump provides water to conductivity cell.
Thermo Element2 HR-ICP-MS
Thermo Element2 HR-ICP-MS
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Thermo Element2 HR-ICP-MS PI Supplied Instrument Description:All digests were analyzed using a Thermo Element2 HR-ICP-MS at the University of Maine. Instrument Name: Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer Instrument Short Name:ICP Mass Spec Instrument Description: An ICP Mass Spec is an instrument that passes nebulized samples into an inductively-coupled gas plasma (8-10000 K) where they are atomized and ionized. Ions of specific mass-to-charge ratios are quantified in a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB15/
Niskin-X samplers
Niskin-X samplers
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Niskin-X samplers PI Supplied Instrument Description:The seawater samples and associated hydrographic data were collected using a trace-metal clean conductivity-temperature-depth sensor (SBE 19 plus, SeaBird Electronics) mounted on a custom-built trace-metal clean carousel (SeaBird Electronics) fitted with custom-modified 5-L Teflon-lined external-closure Niskin-X samplers (General Oceanics) and deployed on an Amsteel non-metallic line. Instrument Name: Niskin-1010X Instrument Short Name:Niskin-1010X Instrument Description: The Model 1010X NISKIN-X External Spring Niskin Water Sampler is a Niskin water sample bottle with the stainless steel closure springs mounted externally. The external closure mechanism is designed to support applications such as trace metal analysis where the inside of the sampler must be totally free of contaminants. The 1010X Niskin bottle, manufactured by General Oceanics Inc., is available in a variety of sizes (sample volume). It can be activated by the GO Devil Messenger (1000-MG) if individually or serially attached to a hydrocable or can be deployed as part of a Rosette multibottle array. The bottles can be teflon-lined and are available as GO-FLO bottles to further avoid sample contamination. (more from General Oceanics) Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0412/
Cruise: AE1909
AE1909
R/V Atlantic Explorer
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Atlantic Explorer
vessel
AE1909
Rodney J. Johnson
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
https://www.bodc.ac.uk/resources/inventories/cruise_inventory/reports/atlanticexplorer_ae1909.pdf
Report describing AE1909
Cruise: AE1921
AE1921
R/V Atlantic Explorer
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Atlantic Explorer
vessel
AE1921
Rodney J. Johnson
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
https://www.bodc.ac.uk/resources/inventories/cruise_inventory/reports/atlanticexplorer_ae1921.pdf
Report describing AE1921
Cruise: AE1930
AE1930
R/V Atlantic Explorer
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Atlantic Explorer
vessel
AE1930
Rodney J. Johnson
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
https://www.bodc.ac.uk/resources/inventories/cruise_inventory/reports/atlanticexplorer_ae1930.pdf
Report describing AE1930
Cruise: EN631
EN631
R/V Endeavor
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Endeavor
vessel
EN631
Rodney J. Johnson
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
https://www.bodc.ac.uk/resources/inventories/cruise_inventory/reports/endeavor_en631.pdf
Report describing EN631
R/V Atlantic Explorer
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Atlantic Explorer
vessel
R/V Endeavor
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Endeavor
vessel