http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/890427
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2023-02-23
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Measurements of Kr/Ar and N2/Ar ratios in stored dissolved gas samples collected in 1981 through the Transient Tracers in the Ocean (TTO) program North Atlantic Survey (NAS)
2023-02-23
publication
2023-02-23
revision
Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)
2023-02-24
publication
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.890427.1
Alan M. Seltzer
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
principalInvestigator
Peter Barry
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
principalInvestigator
William J. Jenkins
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
principalInvestigator
Samar Khatiwala
University of Oxford
principalInvestigator
David P. Nicholson
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
principalInvestigator
William M. Smethie Jr.
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
principalInvestigator
Rachel H. R. Stanley
Wellesley College
principalInvestigator
Martin Stute
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Seltzer, A. M., Barry, P., Jenkins, W. J., Khatiwala, S., Nicholson, D. P., Smethie Jr., W. M., Stanley, R., Stute, M. (2023) Measurements of Kr/Ar and N2/Ar ratios in stored dissolved gas samples collected in 1981 through the Transient Tracers in the Ocean (TTO) program North Atlantic Survey (NAS). Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2023-02-23 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.890427.1 [access date]
Elemental and isotopic noble gas ratios and N2/Ar from the North Atlantic: TTO data Dataset Description: Methods and Sampling: <p>Note: all methods are described in detail in the accompanying publication currently in final review at <em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.</em></p>
<p>Samples were collected via the Transient Tracers in the Ocean (TTO) North Atlantic Survey (NAS) in 1981 via shipboard degassing of ~285-liter&nbsp;Gerard Barrel samples. The extraction technique is described in detail in Smethie and Mathiue (1986). Aliquots of archived gas from these samples were analyzed in the Seltzer and Jenkins Labs at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution for noble gas elemental ratios and O2/Ar and N2/Ar ratios following techniques described in Seltzer et al. (2023).</p>
<p>The model simulations are available as a related dataset at BCO-DMO. See: <a href="https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/890293" target="_blank">https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/890293</a></p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-2122427 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=2122427
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1923915 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1923915
completed
Alan M. Seltzer
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
508-289-2598
WHOI Mail Stop 25
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
aseltzer@whoi.edu
pointOfContact
Peter Barry
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
508-289-2327
WHOI Mail Stop 25
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
pbarry@whoi.edu
pointOfContact
William J. Jenkins
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
508-289-2554
266 Woods Hole Rd. MS#25
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
wjenkins@whoi.edu
pointOfContact
Samar Khatiwala
University of Oxford
+44 (0) 1865 272000
samar.khatiwala@earth.ox.ac.uk
pointOfContact
David P. Nicholson
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
508-289-3547
266 Woods Hole Rd. MS#25
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
dnicholson@whoi.edu
pointOfContact
William M. Smethie Jr.
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
845-365-8566
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory PO Box 1000
Palisades
NY
10964-8000
USA
bsmeth@ldeo.columbia.edu
pointOfContact
Rachel H. R. Stanley
Wellesley College
(781) 283-3122
Department of Chemistry 106 Central St
Wellesley
Massachusetts
02481
United States
rachel.stanley@wellesley.edu
pointOfContact
Martin Stute
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
212-854-8110
Barnard College 3009 Broadway
New York
NY
10027
USA
martins@ldeo.columbia.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
Station
Depth
Lat
Lon
delta_N2_to_Ar_raw
delta_N2_to_Ar_corr
O2_sat
delta_O2_to_Ar
Mean_Age_K12
Mean_Age_H21
delta_Kr_to_Ar_raw
delta_Kr_to_Ar_model
delta_N2_to_Ar_model
Thermo MAT 253 Plus
Thermo MAT 253
quadrupole mass spectrometer
theme
None, User defined
station
depth
latitude
longitude
ratio
O2 saturation
age
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
Gerard barrel
Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometer
Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometer
Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
TTO
service
Deployment Activity
North Atlantic
place
Locations
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
Collaborative Research: Probing the Ventilation Efficiency of the Deep Ocean with Conservative Dissolved Gas Tracers in Archived Samples
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/887479
Collaborative Research: Probing the Ventilation Efficiency of the Deep Ocean with Conservative Dissolved Gas Tracers in Archived Samples
<p><em>NSF Award Abstract:</em></p>
<p>This award is funded in whole or in part under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (Public Law 117-2).</p>
<p>The transfer of gases between the atmosphere and the interior of ocean is controlled by processes in the high latitudes, where deep waters are “formed” by the sinking of cold and/or salty surface waters. The processes that affect air-sea gas exchange during water mass formation play an important role in the uptake of carbon dioxide and other important gases by the ocean. Dissolved noble gases, which are not affected by chemistry or biology, are excellent tracers of the physics of air-sea gas exchange: their abundances in the ocean interior tell us about how efficient gas exchange was when water was last at the sea surface. Another tracer, the “triple oxygen isotope” (TOI) composition of dissolved oxygen (a measure of the relative abundances of oxygen-16, oxygen-17, and oxygen-18) is sensitive to both biology and physics. However, each of these important tracers of air-sea exchange remains understudied in the modern ocean. This project aims to make new state-of-the-art measurements of noble gases and TOIs in 100 archived gas samples from the North and South Atlantic. The methods developed in this project will also enable future research opportunities that take advantage of these valuable samples. The project will support the training of a PhD student and multiple undergraduates, while contributing to ongoing efforts to develop workshop and lecture materials for a new partnership between Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) and a nearby public high school that has a primarily underrepresented minority student body.</p>
<p>The primary objective of this project is to quantify the magnitude and spatial variability of two sets conservative tracers that are each independently sensitive to air-sea gas exchange at the time of deep-water formation: noble gases and TOIs. A deeper understanding of these tracers will provide insight into the physical mechanisms that regulate the efficiency of deep-ocean ventilation. Over recent decades, multiple studies have consistently found undersaturation of the heavy noble gases (Ar, Kr, and Xe) in the deep ocean, with respect to their solubility equilibrium concentrations in seawater. However, while several theories exist, there is no consensus on why the heavy noble gases are undersaturated throughout the deep ocean nor any reason to suspect that a single process is responsible. The spatial variability in noble gas disequilibrium between the North and South Atlantic may provide key clues to this open question, given the vastly different mechanisms of northern and southern deep-water formation. However, to date, analytical limitations have limited the robust detection and quantification of inter water-mass differences in disequilibrium. TOIs may also provide insight into air-sea disequilibrium during deep-water formation, as the relative excess of oxygen-17 (with respect to the atmospheric oxygen isotope ratios and corrected for isotopic fractionation due to respiration) reflects the balance between air-sea exchange and photosynthesis. Together, noble gases and TOIs provide useful constraints to elucidate fundamental mechanisms. For example, sea-ice cover in regions of deep-water formation will simultaneously lead to undersaturation of noble gases and accumulation of photosynthetic oxygen (and thus excess oxygen-17). However, few high-quality measurements of TOI in the deep ocean exist, due to analytical challenges, despite the great potential of TOI as a conservative tracer of physics and biogeochemistry during deep-water formation. The proposed work will involve 100 measurements of archived dissolved gas samples that were extracted at sea in the 1980s and stored in robust tanks since collection. This project is the first effort to measure noble gases and TOI in the same deep-ocean samples across a wide spatial range, by consistently employing the same methodology and instrumentation to eliminate inter-laboratory biases. It involves measurements in three WHOI labs and makes use of state-of-the-art techniques for each independent tracer measurement. This work builds in redundancy to improve the accuracy of results by measuring all samples on multiple instruments, including pairs of adjacent stations, and carrying out extraction experiments with the original equipment used in the 1980s to collect these samples. For example, heavy noble gas elemental ratios will be measured independently on two separate instruments, and high-precision (order 0.01 permil) measurements of noble gas isotopes will be used to test and correct for sample integrity. Overall, this large set of archived gases offers a unique opportunity to better understand these tracers and explore the quantitative insight they may offer into outstanding questions about the deep-ocean ventilation.</p>
<p>This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.</p>
TTO NGs and O2
largerWorkCitation
project
Collaborative Research: Novel constraints on air-sea gas exchange and deep ocean ventilation from high-precision noble gas isotope measurements in seawater
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/887496
Collaborative Research: Novel constraints on air-sea gas exchange and deep ocean ventilation from high-precision noble gas isotope measurements in seawater
<p><em>NSF Award Abstract:</em><br />
The proposed work brings together the fields of chemical oceanography, ocean modeling, and solid Earth geochemistry to develop the stable isotope composition of heavy noble gases dissolved in seawater as novel physical tracers of air-sea gas exchange. Noble gases represent ideal tools for quantifying physical processes due to the fact that they are chemically inert. Because argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), and xenon (Xe) isotope ratios have distinct solubility and diffusivity ratios, as recently quantified in laboratory experiments, they complement existing bulk noble gas measurements in seawater by adding new constraints with unique sensitivities. Precise constraints on air-sea exchange of inert gases are paramount to properly quantifying production, consumption, and physical transport of biogeochemically important gases (such as carbon dioxide and oxygen) as well as ventilation age tracers (such as sulfur hexafluoride and CFCs). Additionally, global circulation models (GCMs) routinely underestimate deep-ocean ventilation compared to noble gas observations. Introducing these new isotopic constraints into model simulations will help identify physical processes related to deep-water formation that require improvement in future GCM development. Because the overturning circulation is closely tied to projections of future climate, by both the transports of radiative gases and heat into the deep ocean, there is broad international interest in improving future model projections. Therefore, adding high-precision noble gas isotope measurements to the existing body of research on inert gases in seawater will provide valuable new constraints for both the marine biogeochemistry and physical oceanography communities. Education and training of a graduate student and postdoctoral scholar will contribute to the human resource base of the United States.</p>
<p>The proposed work will develop high-precision Ar, Kr, and Xe stable isotope ratios in seawater as new oceanographic tracers. Along with a 2018 pilot study, the proposed measurements represent the first high- precision Kr and Xe isotope ratio analyses in seawater. A key goal of this project is to test two specific hypotheses for the observed undersaturation of Ar, Kr, and Xe throughout the deep ocean: (1) rapid cooling-induced gas uptake by the surface ocean during deep-water formation with insufficient time for equilibration before sinking, or (2) subsurface cooling caused by melting of glacial ice, leading to the dissolution of air bubbles trapped in ice. Whereas both of these non-mutually exclusive processes produce similar patterns of heavy noble gas undersaturation, the isotope ratios of these gases are well suited to distinguish the relative importance of each process. Specifically, theoretical predictions suggest a decrease in heavy-to-light isotope ratios from the kinetic fractionation associated with rapid surface ocean gas uptake, but an increase in these ratios from the input of gravitationally enriched glacial meltwater. Other goals include: (a) comparing observations to model simulations to identify successes and shortcomings of GCM representations of deep-water formation processes, and (b) a year-long time series of surface-ocean observations from the SIO pier to test models of isotopic fractionation associated with bubble injection and upwelling, with implications for the saturation of biogeochemically important gases. This work will improve upon a recent method for dissolved noble gas isotopic analysis by increasing sample sizes and refining purification techniques to achieve a >60% improvement in precision.</p>
<p>This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.</p>
HPNGI
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
North Atlantic
-70.4
-11
23.3
49.5
1981-04-01
1981-10-19
From projects that focused on the following 2 locations: 1. Atlantic Ocean 2. North Atlantic
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Measurements of Kr/Ar and N2/Ar ratios in stored dissolved gas samples collected in 1981 through the Transient Tracers in the Ocean (TTO) program North Atlantic Survey (NAS)
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/890455.rdf
Name: Station
Units: unitless
Description: <p>TTO/NAS station number where sample was collected</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/890456.rdf
Name: Depth
Units: meters (m)
Description: <p>Depth of sampling</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/890457.rdf
Name: Lat
Units: degrees North
Description: <p>Station latitude</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/890458.rdf
Name: Lon
Units: degrees East
Description: <p>Station longitude</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/890459.rdf
Name: delta_N2_to_Ar_raw
Units: permil (0/00)
Description: <p>Δ(N2/Ar),raw: deviation of N2/Ar from solubility equilibrium before physical correction (‰, vs eq)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/890460.rdf
Name: delta_N2_to_Ar_corr
Units: permil (0/00)
Description: <p>Δ(N2/Ar),corr: deviation of N2/Ar from solubility equilibrium after physical correction (‰, vs eq)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/890461.rdf
Name: O2_sat
Units: percent (%)
Description: <p>O2 sat: oxygen concentration relative to solubility equilibrium originally measured in 1981</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/890462.rdf
Name: delta_O2_to_Ar
Units: percent (%)
Description: <p>Δ(O2/Ar): deviation of O2/Ar ratio from solubility equilibrium measured in this study (% vs eq)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/890463.rdf
Name: Mean_Age_K12
Units: years
Description: <p>Mean age (K12): ideal mean age (yr) of nearest grid cell in Khatiwala et al., 2012 inversion</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/890464.rdf
Name: Mean_Age_H21
Units: years
Description: <p>Mean age (H21): ideal mean age (yr) of nearest grid cell in Holzer et al., 2021 inversion</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/890465.rdf
Name: delta_Kr_to_Ar_raw
Units: permil (0/00)
Description: <p>Δ(Kr/Ar),raw: deviation of measured Kr/Ar from solubility equilibrium (‰, vs eq)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/890466.rdf
Name: delta_Kr_to_Ar_model
Units: permil (0/00)
Description: <p>Δ(Kr/Ar),model: deviation of modeled Kr/Ar from solubility equilibrium (‰, vs eq)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/890467.rdf
Name: delta_N2_to_Ar_model
Units: permil (0/00)
Description: <p>Δ(N2/Ar),model: deviation of modeled N2/Ar from solubility equilibrium (‰, vs eq)</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
1138
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/aa1d359b-3f35-50cb-b04d-33e578788083/content
download
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.890427.1
download
onLine
dataset
<p>Note: all methods are described in detail in the accompanying publication currently in final review at <em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.</em></p>
<p>Samples were collected via the Transient Tracers in the Ocean (TTO) North Atlantic Survey (NAS) in 1981 via shipboard degassing of ~285-liter&nbsp;Gerard Barrel samples. The extraction technique is described in detail in Smethie and Mathiue (1986). Aliquots of archived gas from these samples were analyzed in the Seltzer and Jenkins Labs at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution for noble gas elemental ratios and O2/Ar and N2/Ar ratios following techniques described in Seltzer et al. (2023).</p>
<p>The model simulations are available as a related dataset at BCO-DMO. See: <a href="https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/890293" target="_blank">https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/890293</a></p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p><strong>Data Processing:</strong><br />
All data were processed using MATLAB. Codes are available upon request.</p>
<p><strong>BCO-DMO Processing:</strong><br />
- renamed fields to comply with BCO-DMO naming conventions.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
PI Supplied Instrument Name: PI Supplied Instrument Description:Samples were collected via the Transient Tracers in the Ocean (TTO) North Atlantic Survey (NAS) in 1981 via shipboard degassing of ~285-L Gerard Barrel samples Instrument Name: Gerard barrel Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: A barrel used to collect water samples in oceanography. It holds 250 liters of sea water.
Thermo MAT 253 Plus
Thermo MAT 253 Plus
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Thermo MAT 253 Plus PI Supplied Instrument Description:A Thermo MAT 253 Plus (Seltzer Lab) was used for dynamic noble gas ratios. Instrument Name: Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometer Instrument Short Name:IR Mass Spec; IRMS Instrument Description: The Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometer is a particular type of mass spectrometer used to measure the relative abundance of isotopes in a given sample (e.g. VG Prism II Isotope Ratio Mass-Spectrometer). Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB16/
Thermo MAT 253
Thermo MAT 253
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Thermo MAT 253 PI Supplied Instrument Description:A Thermo MAT 253 (Seltzer Lab) was used for N2, O2, Ar analysis. Instrument Name: Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometer Instrument Short Name:IR Mass Spec; IRMS Instrument Description: The Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometer is a particular type of mass spectrometer used to measure the relative abundance of isotopes in a given sample (e.g. VG Prism II Isotope Ratio Mass-Spectrometer). Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB16/
quadrupole mass spectrometer
quadrupole mass spectrometer
PI Supplied Instrument Name: quadrupole mass spectrometer PI Supplied Instrument Description:A custom quadrupole mass spectrometer (Jenkins lab) was used for static noble gas ratios. Instrument Name: Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer Instrument Short Name:QMS Instrument Description: A piece of apparatus that consists of an ion source, a mass-to-charge analyser, a detector and a vacuum system and is used to measure mass spectra. The detector is a quadrupole mass-to-charge analyser, which holds the ions in a stable orbit by an electric field generated by four parallel electrodes.
Cruise: TTO
TTO
R/V Knorr
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Knorr
vessel
R/V Knorr
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Knorr
vessel