http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/896706
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2023-06-01
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Benthic fluxes of solutes measured by in-situ benthic flux chambers along two depth transects in the Santa Barbara Basin during November 219
2023-06-01
publication
2023-06-01
revision
Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)
2023-06-08
publication
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.896706.1
Tina Treude
University of California-Los Angeles
principalInvestigator
David L. Valentine
University of California-Santa Barbara
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Treude, T., Valentine, D. L. (2023) Benthic fluxes of solutes measured by in-situ benthic flux chambers along two depth transects in the Santa Barbara Basin during November 219. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2023-06-01 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.896706.1 [access date]
BASIN 2019 Benthic Fluxes Dataset Description: Methods and Sampling: <p>Benthic fluxes of solutes where determined with three in-situ benthic flux chambers (BFC) according to Treude et al. (2009). The BFCs consisted of a frame equipped with a cylindrical polycarbonate chamber (inner diameter = 19 centimeters) with its lower portion sticking out of the frame. The upper side of the chamber was closed by a lid containing a stirrer (Type K/MT 11, K.U.M., Kiel, Germany), oxygen optodes (Type 4330, Aanderaa Data Instruments, Bergen Norway and Hydroflash, Contros/Kongsberg Maritime, Kongsberg, Norway), a conductivity sensor (type 5860, Aanderaa Data Instruments), and a valve for water to escape when the chamber is inserted into the sediments.</p>
<p>Prior to deployment by the ROV Jason, the chambers were held upside down by the ROV manipulating arms within approximately 10 meters of the seafloor and moved back and forth to make sure water from shallower depths that may have been trapped was replaced by bottom water. Chamber incubations lasted between 240 and 390 minutes. Each BFC was outfitted with a custom-built syringe sampler containing seven 50-milliliter (mL) syringes that were connected by tubes to sampling ports in the upper portion of the wall of the chambers: one injection syringe and six sampling syringes that were fired at approximately 60-minute increments, depending on the total duration of the incubation. The injection syringe contained deionized water that was purged with helium to remove oxygen and the volume of the overlaying water (typically 2.5 to 4 liters depending on sediment characteristics and chamber handling by ROV) was determined based on the observed reduction in conductivity after sensor readings stabilized (i.e., full mixing was achieved) 10-30 minutes after injection (Kononets et al., 2021). Samples obtained from the overlaying water of the BFC were examined for NH4+, PO43-, Fe2+ (according to Grasshoff et al., 1999), and NO3- (according to García-Robledo et al., 2014). Benthic fluxes of the solutes were calculated as follows:</p>
<p>J=Δc/Δt*V/A</p>
<p>Where J is the diffusive flux in millimoles per square meter per day (mmol/m²/d), Δc is the concentration change in millimoles per cubic meter (mmol/m³), Δt is the time interval in days (d), V is the overlying water volume in cubic meters (m³), and A is the surface area of the sediment covered by the benthic flux chamber in square meters (m²). One chamber per site contained 200 micromoles 5N-NO3- in the injection syringe for in-situ nitrogen cycling experiments. The injection of 15N-NO3- roughly doubled the concentration of NO3- in the overlying chamber water compared to the natural concentration. The effect of the nitrate addition on conductivity and, hence, volume determination was negligible (&lt;1%).</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1829981 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1829981
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1830033 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1830033
completed
Tina Treude
University of California-Los Angeles
310-267-5213
Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences 595 Charles E. Young Drive, East
Los Angeles
CA
90095-1567
USA
ttreude@g.ucla.edu
pointOfContact
David L. Valentine
University of California-Santa Barbara
805-893-2973
Department of Earth Science 1006 Webb Hall
Santa Barbara
CA
93106
USA
valentine@ucsb.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
Station
Benthic_Flux_Chamber
ROV_dive_ID
Ammonium_flux
Ammonium_number_of_time_points
Ammonium_r2_of_flux_curve
Nitrate_flux
Nitrate_number_of_time_points
Nitrate_r2_of_flux_curve
Iron_II_flux
Iron_II_number_of_time_points
Iron_II_r2_of_flux_curve
Phosphate_flux
Phosphate_number_of_time_points
Phosphate_r2_of_flux_curve
Latitude
Longitude
Water_Depth
Temperature
Salinity
Oxygen
Deployment_Start_DateTime_Local
Deployment_Start_DateTime_UTC
Deployment_End_DateTime_Local
Deployment_End_DateTime_UTC
Type_of_Incubation
Chamber_Volume_Determination
oxygen optodes (Type 4330, Aanderaa Data Instruments)
benthic flux chambers (BFC)
conductivity sensor (type 5860, Aanderaa Data Instruments)
ROV Jason
theme
None, User defined
station
sample identification
dive_id
Ammonium
Nitrate
Iron
phosphate
latitude
longitude
depth
water temperature at measurement depth
salinity
dissolved Oxygen
ISO_DateTime_Local
ISO_DateTime_UTC
sampling_method
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
Aanderaa Oxygen Optodes
benthic incubation chamber
Conductivity Meter
ROV Jason
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
AT42-19
service
Deployment Activity
Santa Barbara Basin, California, northeast Pacific Ocean
place
Locations
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
Collaborative Research: Do benthic feedbacks couple sulfur, nitrogen and carbon biogeochemistry during transient deoxygenation?
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/810831
Collaborative Research: Do benthic feedbacks couple sulfur, nitrogen and carbon biogeochemistry during transient deoxygenation?
<p><em>NSF Award Abstract:</em><br />
This study focuses on chemical processes that occur in oxygen-limited waters along the world's continental margins. These processes are influenced by the activities of microbes and control the fate of key elements that are deposited to sediments in these areas including carbon, nitrogen and sulfur. As a result, they are key to the health and function of the ocean. The intellectual merit of this research is to study the coupled chemical and microbial processes that occur in these environments by combining robotic technology with experiments that will be conducted at the ocean floor and in the shipboard laboratory. The broader impacts of this project will provide at-sea training and educational opportunities to undergraduate and graduate students and the results will be broadly distributed to stakeholders and interested parties. Results from this research promise to identify and quantify rates for key processes that couple carbon, nitrogen and sulfur in marine environments adjacent to the continents. The project addresses an important aspect of environmental change in the ocean (i.e., decreased oxygen due to warming and nutrient enrichment) and its influence on chemical and biological cycles and ocean ecosystems.</p>
<p>The dynamics of oxygen minimum zones along continental margins, and their potential for future expansion, are important because of their intersection with global biogeochemical cycles and because of their far-reaching impacts on ocean ecosystems. However, the impacts of transient deoxygenation on biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur at the sea floor are not well established and are the focus of this study. This study will test the overarching hypothesis that deoxygenation triggers a positive feedback loop between bacterial mats at the sea floor that consume hydrogen sulfide, a sulfur species that can be toxic to higher organisms, and an underlying community of bacteria that produce hydrogen sulfide. By this hypothesis, the establishment of sea floor mats, which depend on inorganic nitrogen sources to run their sulfur metabolism, accelerates nitrogen cycling in the uppermost sediment horizon following deoxygenation. The accelerated nitrogen cycling allows for upward expansion of the sulfide-producing bacteria, which in-turn provide a shallow source of sulfide as substrate to further support nitrogen cycling in the sea floor mat. The results of this study will enable understanding of the relationship between oxygen dynamics in the water column and the biogeochemical processes at the sea floor that link the transformations of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur. The results of this study promise to define the environmental conditions under which the sulfur and nitrogen cycles are coupled and subject to strong positive feedbacks at the seafloor, as well as the conditions under which they are decoupled. This study provides training in research and innovative analytical and experimental techniques to four graduate students and several undergraduates. Undergraduates will be engaged in research at two institutions, one of which has recently been designated as a Hispanic serving institution. Approximately 10 undergraduate students (20 in total) will participate in each of the two proposed oceanographic expeditions, through an established course entitled: Field Studies in Marine Biogeochemistry. This course provides an opportunity for students to develop an independent research project in advance of the expedition, to participate on the expedition, and to conduct research projects while at sea.</p>
<p>This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.</p>
BASIN
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
Santa Barbara Basin, California, northeast Pacific Ocean
-120.053
-120.015
34.1422
34.3626
2019-11-01
2019-11-08
Santa Barbara Basin, California, USA
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Benthic fluxes of solutes measured by in-situ benthic flux chambers along two depth transects in the Santa Barbara Basin during November 219
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/896757.rdf
Name: Station
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Station name</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/896758.rdf
Name: Benthic_Flux_Chamber
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Number identifying the benthic flux chamber</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/896759.rdf
Name: ROV_dive_ID
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Dive ID number</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/896760.rdf
Name: Ammonium_flux
Units: millimoles per square meter per day (mmol m-2 d-1)
Description: <p>Ammonium (NH4+) flux. Positive fluxes represent fluxes from the sediment into the water column. Negative fluxes represent fluxes from the water column into the sediment.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/896761.rdf
Name: Ammonium_number_of_time_points
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Number of time points used in Ammonium flux calculation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/896762.rdf
Name: Ammonium_r2_of_flux_curve
Units: unitless
Description: <p>r-square (r^2) value of Ammonium flux curve</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/896763.rdf
Name: Nitrate_flux
Units: millimoles per square meter per day (mmol m-2 d-1)
Description: <p>Nitrate (NO3-) flux. Positive fluxes represent fluxes from the sediment into the water column. Negative fluxes represent fluxes from the water column into the sediment.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/896764.rdf
Name: Nitrate_number_of_time_points
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Number of time points used in Nitrate flux calculation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/896765.rdf
Name: Nitrate_r2_of_flux_curve
Units: unitless
Description: <p>r-square (r^2) value of Nitrate flux curve</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/896766.rdf
Name: Iron_II_flux
Units: millimoles per square meter per day (mmol m-2 d-1)
Description: <p>Iron II (Fe^2+) flux. Positive fluxes represent fluxes from the sediment into the water column. Negative fluxes represent fluxes from the water column into the sediment.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/896767.rdf
Name: Iron_II_number_of_time_points
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Number of time points used in Iron II flux calculation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/896768.rdf
Name: Iron_II_r2_of_flux_curve
Units: unitless
Description: <p>r-square (r^2) value of Iron II flux curve</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/896769.rdf
Name: Phosphate_flux
Units: millimoles per square meter per day (mmol m-2 d-1)
Description: <p>Phosphate (PO4^3-) flux. Positive fluxes represent fluxes from the sediment into the water column. Negative fluxes represent fluxes from the water column into the sediment.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/896770.rdf
Name: Phosphate_number_of_time_points
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Number of time points used in Phosphate flux calculation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/896771.rdf
Name: Phosphate_r2_of_flux_curve
Units: unitless
Description: <p>r-square (r^2) value of Phosphate flux curve</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/896772.rdf
Name: Latitude
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Latitude where positive values = North</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/896773.rdf
Name: Longitude
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Longitude where negative values = West</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/896774.rdf
Name: Water_Depth
Units: meters
Description: <p>Water depth</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/896775.rdf
Name: Temperature
Units: degrees Celsius
Description: <p>Temperature</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/896776.rdf
Name: Salinity
Units: PSU
Description: <p>Salinity</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/896777.rdf
Name: Oxygen
Units: micromolar (uM)
Description: <p>Oxygen concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/896778.rdf
Name: Deployment_Start_DateTime_Local
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Date and time (local time zone) at start of deployment. Local time zone is Pacific Time but Daylight Saving Time ended on November 3, 2019 during the cruise. Therefore, before November 3, local time is in Pacific daylight time (PDT) and after November 3, local time is in Pacific standard time (PST).</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/896779.rdf
Name: Deployment_Start_DateTime_UTC
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Date and time (UTC) at start of deployment</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/896780.rdf
Name: Deployment_End_DateTime_Local
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Date and time (local time zone) at end of deployment. Local time zone is Pacific Time but Daylight Saving Time ended on November 3, 2019 during the cruise. Therefore, before November 3, local time is in Pacific daylight time (PDT) and after November 3, local time is in Pacific standard time (PST).</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/896781.rdf
Name: Deployment_End_DateTime_UTC
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Date and time (UTC) at end of deployment</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/896782.rdf
Name: Type_of_Incubation
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Type of incubation; either 15N experiment or natural flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/896783.rdf
Name: Chamber_Volume_Determination
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Chamber volume determination; either sensor (DI-water injection-based) or visual</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
5050
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/335c80fc-6144-4368-a253-d477ebce5424/content
download
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.896706.1
download
onLine
dataset
<p>Benthic fluxes of solutes where determined with three in-situ benthic flux chambers (BFC) according to Treude et al. (2009). The BFCs consisted of a frame equipped with a cylindrical polycarbonate chamber (inner diameter = 19 centimeters) with its lower portion sticking out of the frame. The upper side of the chamber was closed by a lid containing a stirrer (Type K/MT 11, K.U.M., Kiel, Germany), oxygen optodes (Type 4330, Aanderaa Data Instruments, Bergen Norway and Hydroflash, Contros/Kongsberg Maritime, Kongsberg, Norway), a conductivity sensor (type 5860, Aanderaa Data Instruments), and a valve for water to escape when the chamber is inserted into the sediments.</p>
<p>Prior to deployment by the ROV Jason, the chambers were held upside down by the ROV manipulating arms within approximately 10 meters of the seafloor and moved back and forth to make sure water from shallower depths that may have been trapped was replaced by bottom water. Chamber incubations lasted between 240 and 390 minutes. Each BFC was outfitted with a custom-built syringe sampler containing seven 50-milliliter (mL) syringes that were connected by tubes to sampling ports in the upper portion of the wall of the chambers: one injection syringe and six sampling syringes that were fired at approximately 60-minute increments, depending on the total duration of the incubation. The injection syringe contained deionized water that was purged with helium to remove oxygen and the volume of the overlaying water (typically 2.5 to 4 liters depending on sediment characteristics and chamber handling by ROV) was determined based on the observed reduction in conductivity after sensor readings stabilized (i.e., full mixing was achieved) 10-30 minutes after injection (Kononets et al., 2021). Samples obtained from the overlaying water of the BFC were examined for NH4+, PO43-, Fe2+ (according to Grasshoff et al., 1999), and NO3- (according to García-Robledo et al., 2014). Benthic fluxes of the solutes were calculated as follows:</p>
<p>J=Δc/Δt*V/A</p>
<p>Where J is the diffusive flux in millimoles per square meter per day (mmol/m²/d), Δc is the concentration change in millimoles per cubic meter (mmol/m³), Δt is the time interval in days (d), V is the overlying water volume in cubic meters (m³), and A is the surface area of the sediment covered by the benthic flux chamber in square meters (m²). One chamber per site contained 200 micromoles 5N-NO3- in the injection syringe for in-situ nitrogen cycling experiments. The injection of 15N-NO3- roughly doubled the concentration of NO3- in the overlying chamber water compared to the natural concentration. The effect of the nitrate addition on conductivity and, hence, volume determination was negligible (&lt;1%).</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p><strong>BCO-DMO Processing:</strong><br />
- renamed fields to comply with BCO-DMO naming conventions;<br />
- converted the date-time fields to ISO 8601 format;<br />
- removed "-" and "no entry" as missing data values (missing data/no data values are blank/empty in the final csv file).</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
oxygen optodes (Type 4330, Aanderaa Data Instruments)
oxygen optodes (Type 4330, Aanderaa Data Instruments)
PI Supplied Instrument Name: oxygen optodes (Type 4330, Aanderaa Data Instruments) Instrument Name: Aanderaa Oxygen Optodes Instrument Short Name:AOO Instrument Description: Aanderaa Oxygen Optodes are instrument for monitoring oxygen in the environment. For instrument information see the Aanderaa Oxygen Optodes Product Brochure. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/351/
benthic flux chambers (BFC)
benthic flux chambers (BFC)
PI Supplied Instrument Name: benthic flux chambers (BFC) PI Supplied Instrument Description:The three in-situ benthic flux chambers (BFC) each consisted of a frame equipped with a cylindrical polycarbonate chamber (inner diameter = 19 cm) with its lower portion sticking out of the frame. The upper side of the chamber was closed by a lid containing a stirrer, oxygen optodes, a conductivity sensor, and a valve for water to escape when the chamber is inserted into the sediments. Chamber incubations lasted between 240 and 390 minutes. Instrument Name: benthic incubation chamber Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: A device that isolates a portion of seabed plus overlying water from its surroundings. Either returns the entire system to the surface or incorporates sampling devices and/or in-situ sensors.
conductivity sensor (type 5860, Aanderaa Data Instruments)
conductivity sensor (type 5860, Aanderaa Data Instruments)
PI Supplied Instrument Name: conductivity sensor (type 5860, Aanderaa Data Instruments) Instrument Name: Conductivity Meter Instrument Short Name:Conductivity Meter Instrument Description: Conductivity Meter - An electrical conductivity meter (EC meter) measures the electrical conductivity in a solution. Commonly used in hydroponics, aquaculture and freshwater systems to monitor the amount of nutrients, salts or impurities in the water.
ROV Jason
ROV Jason
PI Supplied Instrument Name: ROV Jason Instrument Name: ROV Jason Instrument Short Name:ROV Jason Instrument Description: The Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) Jason is operated by the Deep Submergence Laboratory (DSL) at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI). WHOI engineers and scientists designed and built the ROV Jason to give scientists access to the seafloor that didn't require them leaving the deck of the ship. Jason is a two-body ROV system. A 10-kilometer (6-mile) fiber-optic cable delivers electrical power and commands from the ship through Medea and down to Jason, which then returns data and live video imagery. Medea serves as a shock absorber, buffering Jason from the movements of the ship, while providing lighting and a bird’s eye view of the ROV during seafloor operations. During each dive (deployment of the ROV), Jason pilots and scientists work from a control room on the ship to monitor Jason’s instruments and video while maneuvering the vehicle and optionally performing a variety of sampling activities. Jason is equipped with sonar imagers, water samplers, video and still cameras, and lighting gear. Jason’s manipulator arms collect samples of rock, sediment, or marine life and place them in the vehicle’s basket or on "elevator" platforms that float heavier loads to the surface. More information is available from the operator site at URL. https://ndsf.whoi.edu/jason/
Cruise: AT42-19
AT42-19
R/V Atlantis
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Atlantis
vessel
AT42-19
David L. Valentine
University of California-Santa Barbara
R/V Atlantis
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Atlantis
vessel