19:I[42426,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1xctgzqre-wsy.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_-wz6pdtp2b.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/30e52g49hg40p.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/02yq6tul2z-oh.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/10bx_ec2vj7n_.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/33bfn03fo8xnt.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/0tfjf78scu61b.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/31xnvej4n1bi9.js"],"default"] 1a:T11a6,

Location:
patch reef 13 in Kāne'ohe Bay, O'ahu, Hawai'i (21.4509, -157.7954).

This dataset provides benthic cover data. The following section also describes the closely related dataset "Colony level bleaching severity and mortality" https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/897415 which provides the community composition point counts and images.

Coral colony selection:

All colonies followed in this study were first categorized as bleaching-susceptible (severely bleached) or bleaching-resistant (fully pigmented) based on their bleaching phenotype during the peak of the 2015 heatwave and coral bleaching event (1). For this study, ten pairs of adjacent conspecific colonies of M. capitata and P. compressa with contrasting bleaching susceptibilities (N=10 colonies per species per phenotype) were selected. Adjacent pairs of bleaching-resistant and bleaching-susceptible colonies of the same species were selected in order to minimize the influence of microenvironment on the bleaching response. Individual colonies were monitored for bleaching (color/pigmentation) and partial mortality from 2015–2017 (1) and 2019–2023 (this study), and sampled for physiological assessments from 2019–2023 (Brown et al., 2023 Tables S3 and S4). An additional pair of M. capitata and two pairs of P. compressa were added to the time series in 2022 to supplement our observations after three pairs could no longer be located; all of these colonies had been assessed for bleaching, mortality and recovery from 2015–2017.

Nearly all of the M. capitata colonies used in this study (20 of the 22 colonies) were identified as unique genotypes in an earlier study (2). In general, clonality in M. capitata in Kāne‘ohe Bay is very low (3), with a bay-wide genet-ramen ratio of 0.917. Caruso et al (2022) included two sites at the same reef investigated in this study (Patch Reef 13), identifying a genet-ramen (G:R) ratio of 0.95 (i.e., 21 genotypes in 22 colonies sampled). For P. compressa, the bay-wide genet-ramen ratio is approximately 0.875, but clonality is rare in low wave energy (inner bay) environments (4). Similarly, P. compressa from sheltered South Bay sites have a genet-ramen ratio of 0.96 (5). The likelihood of there being more than three clones in P. compressa is very low (0.92 [average of two papers G:R] * 24 colonies = 22 genotypes), especially considering the physiological variation observed. Overall, these studies indicate infrequent asexual reproduction at the study site for either species.

Coral bleaching and partial mortality assessments:

Colony-level bleaching severity was determined from photographs of each colony following the methodology of (6), in which colonies were scored as: (1) no signs of paling (0%), (2) mild paling (>20%), (3) moderate paling (20–50%), (4) mostly bleached (50–80%), and (5) fully bleached (80–100%). Cumulative colony-level partial mortality was also determined from these same photographs as described in (1). Observations occurred during peak and off-peak seasonal temperatures in most years. Benthic community composition was determined at the same time as colony-level observations following the same methods as in (1, 6). Specifically, benthic photoquadrats (0.33 m2), were imaged at 2 m intervals along a 40 m transect tape laid parallel to the reef crest at 1 m and 3 m depths (n = 1–2 per depth) at PR13. Benthic community composition was determined from each image via CoralNet using 50 randomly allocated points per photograph (7). Bleaching severity of each coral point was scored as: (1) pigmented (no signs of bleaching), (2) pale (moderately bleached), or (3) severely bleached (white). Reef-wide bleaching prevalence for each species was determined as the proportion of observations of that species showing signs of moderate or severe bleaching (i.e. bleaching score of 2 or 3).

1b:Tef8,NSF Award Abstract: Coral bleaching has become increasingly common on reefs worldwide as rising sea surface temperatures associated with climate change disrupt the coral-algal symbiosis. This dramatic heat stress response turns the normally colorful corals bright white, and yet during these heat stress events not all corals undergo bleaching. This project focuses on assessing the effects of bleaching by comparing pairs of corals side-byside on the reef during an ongoing heat wave, where one has bleached and the other has not, despite experiencing the same temperatures. These coral pairs have been monitored throughout three bleaching events in the past five years, providing a unique resource to address whether corals with consistently different bleaching susceptibilities have the capacity to acclimate in response to disturbances through epigenetic changes, or changes in gene expression not due to change in DNA bases. To address this, the project will characterize the impacts of bleaching or not bleaching on coral physiology, gene expression, and epigenetic patterns using coral pairs in their natural habitat during a marine heatwave. This project also provides research support for graduate student trainees, as well as data and materials for the research and training of undergraduate and high school students. This project will recruit underrepresented minority students from URI and UPenn area high schools and university undergraduates for work on computer analysis of images (benthic and colony photographs, brightfield and confocal micrographs) and sequencing data. It will also support the training of an undergraduate student at the University of Hawaiʻi in coral ecology and physiology, and the development of her senior thesis. This project will investigate the effects of repeated heat stress events on the performance of Montipora capitata, a dominant reef builder throughout Hawaiʻi. It utilizes the timely context of paired colonies of M. capitata with bleached vs. unbleached histories that have been monitored through two past bleaching events in Hawaiʻi (2015 and 2019) and the currently ongoing 2020 event. This system allows for the unique opportunity to disentangle the consequences of heat stress versus bleaching on coral performance through time, an essential feature of reef resilience. The contrasting physiological and energetic processes these two phenotypes undergo during a heatwave are likely to result in alterations to the cellular environment within the animal that impacts epigenetic transcriptional regulation. These regulatory and energetic changes, if persistent over time, have the potential to alter coral fitness beyond the duration of the heatwave differentially between corals with contrasting bleaching phenotypes. Specifically, the project will: 1) quantify the effect of the 2020 heatwave on coral physiology during bleaching and recovery, 2) generate a corresponding archive of coral tissues and nucleic acids as a resource for future work characterizing how bleaching phenotype alters energetics and non-genetic inheritance, and 3) characterize how bleaching phenotype alters intra-generational inheritance of epigenetic marks (i.e., DNA methylation) and gene expression, and the duration of these marks and expression patterns following heat stress. This project represents an urgent assessment of an ideal system to test the legacy of coral bleaching phenotype on coral fitness. The results of this project will therefore lay the foundation for intra and cross-generational effects of bleaching vs. heat stress, which is essential for understanding coral resilience to climate change. This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.6:["$","$L19",null,{"dataset":{"_id":"897403","description":"

This dataset and other data from this study will be published in the results paper \"Divergent bleaching and recovery trajectories in reef-building corals following a decade of successive marine heatwaves.\" (see pre-print Brown, et al. (2023), doi: 10.1101/2023.07.16.549193).

All BCO-DMO datasets related to this publication can be found on the page https://www.bco-dmo.org/related-resource/915300.

\n","problem":"","acquisition":"$1a","processing":"

See results publication Brown, et al. (2023) for more detailed information on analysis and results.

\n","bcodmoProcessing":"* Sheet 1 of file \"Benthic cover.csv\" was imported into the BCO-DMO data system with values \"NA\" as missing data values. \r\n** Missing data values are displayed differently based on the file format you download. They are blank in csv files, \"NaN\" in MatLab files, etc.\r\n\r\n* Column names adjusted to conform to BCO-DMO naming conventions designed to support broad re-use by a variety of research tools and scripting languages. [Only numbers, letters, and underscores. Can not start with a number]\r\n* column b_year removed as recommended by the submitter.\r\n* Date converted to ISO 8601 format","title":"Benthic cover data photoquadrat images from patch reef 13 in Kāne'ohe Bay, O'ahu, Hawai'i from 2015 to 2022","nickname":"Benthic cover","dataUrl":"","currentState":"Final no updates expected","currentStateId":"7","validated":true,"restricted":false,"version":"1","version_date":"2023-06-09T04:00:00.000Z","abstract":"Increasingly frequent marine heatwaves are devastating coral reefs. Corals that survive these extreme events must rapidly recover if they are to withstand subsequent events, and long-term survival in the face of rising ocean temperatures may hinge on recovery capacity and acclimatory gains in heat tolerance over an individual's lifespan. To better understand coral recovery trajectories in the face of successive marine heatwaves, we monitored the responses of bleaching-susceptible and bleaching-resistant individuals of two dominant coral species in Hawaiʻi, Montipora capitata and Porites compressa, over a decade that included three marine heatwaves.\r\n\r\nThis dataset contains benthic cover data and photoquadrat images including point counts and organism identifications from patch reef 13 in Kāne'ohe Bay, O'ahu, Hawai'i from 2015 to 2022. ","citation":"Brown, K. T., Barott, K., Putnam, H. (2023) Benthic cover data photoquadrat images from patch reef 13 in Kāne'ohe Bay, O'ahu, Hawai'i from 2015 to 2022. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2023-06-09 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.897403.1 [access date]","citationParts":{"identifier":"doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.897403.1","versionDate":"2023-06-09","versionId":"1","year":"2023","title":"Benthic cover data photoquadrat images from patch reef 13 in Kāne'ohe Bay, O'ahu, Hawai'i from 2015 to 2022","authors":"Brown, K. T., Barott, K., Putnam, H.","publisher":"Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)."},"doi":"10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.897403.1","release_date":null,"field_dataset_location":"","temporal_extent":{"start":"2015-10-01T04:00:00.000Z","end":"2022-09-30T04:00:00.000Z"},"temporal":{"resolution":"time:unitDay","type":"time:Interval","start":{"value":"1443672000","label":"2015-10-01"},"end":{"value":"1664510400","label":"2022-09-30"}},"spatial_extent":{"shape":"point","center":{"latitude":21.4509,"longitude":-157.7954},"wkt":" POINT (-157.7954 21.4509)","north":0,"east":0,"south":0,"west":0},"dataset_type":["Other Field Results"],"keywords":["oceans"],"data_files":[{"id":"915586","title":"897403_v1_benthic_cover.csv","url":"https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/dataset/897403/file/93GJ4rGIyk3PP/897403_v1_benthic_cover.csv","showTableUrl":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/897403/data/view/915586","description":"Primary data table for dataset 897403 version 1.","filename":"897403_v1_benthic_cover.csv","bytesize":204746,"checksum":{"value":"871b24c01c5c220d0795231f71fcdc14","Algorithm":{"_id":"190","name":"MD5"}},"mimetype":"text/csv","fileType":{"_id":"192","name":"Comma Separated Values (.csv)"},"isErddap":"bcodmo_dataset_897403_v1","date":"","isPublicDuringEmbargo":false,"primaryDataFile":true,"showTable":true,"restricted":false}],"supplemental_files":[{"id":"915587","title":"Benthic Cover and Bleaching Severity Analysis Description","url":"https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/dataset/897403/file/2G2yVkDipAA1RD/benthic_cover_and_bleaching_severity_analysis.txt","showTableUrl":"","description":"Description of how these data were further analyzed for publication.","filename":"benthic_cover_and_bleaching_severity_analysis.txt","bytesize":618,"checksum":{"value":"8631b5f607cec3008c61b945fbc8fc43","Algorithm":{"_id":"190","name":"MD5"}},"mimetype":"text/plain","fileType":{"_id":"567","name":"Plain Text"},"isErddap":"","date":"","isPublicDuringEmbargo":false,"primaryDataFile":false,"showTable":false,"restricted":false},{"id":"915589","title":"Benthic cover categories and related taxonomic names and identfiers","url":"https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/dataset/897403/file/JEz456XUyPrL0A/benthic_cover_categories_and_taxa.csv","showTableUrl":"","description":"Columns:\nCategory_in_dataset, the category name within the 897403_v1_benthic_cover.csv table.\nAssociated_Taxon, taxonomic name associated with the category\nAphiaID, Taxonomic identifier for the taxa at the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS, www.marinespecies.org)\nLSID, Lifesciences Identifier for the taxa\n\nName matching was performed using the WoRMS taxa match tool on 2023-11-09. At that time, all names used were the accepted name for the organism.","filename":"benthic_cover_categories_and_taxa.csv","bytesize":2201,"checksum":{"value":"15f165a180f6e14fdb55549594470fe4","Algorithm":{"_id":"190","name":"MD5"}},"mimetype":"text/csv","fileType":{"_id":"192","name":"Comma Separated Values (.csv)"},"isErddap":"","date":"","isPublicDuringEmbargo":false,"primaryDataFile":false,"showTable":false,"restricted":false},{"id":"915585","title":"Benthic Photoquadrat Images","url":"https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/dataset/897403/file/yp7qYP7iLOW3PE/benthic_cover_images.zip","showTableUrl":"","description":"Benthic Photoquadrat Images (jpg format). \nSee supplemental file \"benthic_quadrat_image_inventory.csv\" for associated metadata for these images such as collection date and filesize.","filename":"benthic_cover_images.zip","bytesize":5990157255,"checksum":{"value":"cd43ab68e6ce65da3d7b1254642fcffc","Algorithm":{"_id":"190","name":"MD5"}},"mimetype":"application/zip","fileType":{"_id":"196","name":"ZIP Archive (ZIP)"},"isErddap":"","date":"","isPublicDuringEmbargo":false,"primaryDataFile":false,"showTable":false,"restricted":false},{"id":"915588","title":"Benthic Photoquadrat Image Inventory Table","url":"https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/dataset/897403/file/xo8pXkLtml3X3V/benthic_quadrat_image_inventory.csv","showTableUrl":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/897403/data/view/915588","description":"Image Inventory Table for the images within \"benthic_images.zip\"\n\ncolumns:\nfilename,relative_filepath,filesize_bytes,md5sum (a checksum)\n","filename":"benthic_quadrat_image_inventory.csv","bytesize":296941,"checksum":{"value":"0460535590424bee3e4ca1239eb43d4f","Algorithm":{"_id":"190","name":"MD5"}},"mimetype":"text/csv","fileType":{"_id":"192","name":"Comma Separated Values (.csv)"},"isErddap":"","date":"","isPublicDuringEmbargo":false,"primaryDataFile":false,"showTable":true,"restricted":false}],"roles":[{"role":{"_id":"138","name":"Principal Investigator"},"performedBy":{"_id":"843349","name":"Katie Barott"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"652545","name":"University of Pennsylvania"}},{"role":{"_id":"138","name":"Principal Investigator"},"performedBy":{"_id":"755674","name":"Hollie Putnam"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"636570","name":"University of Rhode Island"}},{"role":{"_id":"140","name":"Co-Principal Investigator"},"performedBy":{"_id":"885649","name":"Kristen Brown"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"652545","name":"University of Pennsylvania"}},{"role":{"_id":"145","name":"BCO-DMO Data Manager"},"performedBy":{"_id":"643627","name":"Amber D. York"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"191","name":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution"}}],"deployments":[],"funding":[{"_id":"868512","name":"OCE-2102989","fundingSource":{"_id":"355","name":"NSF Division of Ocean Sciences"},"url":"https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=2102989"},{"_id":"868517","name":"OCE-2103067","fundingSource":{"_id":"355","name":"NSF Division of Ocean Sciences"},"url":"https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=2103067"}],"instruments":[{"_id":"914810","name":"","description":"","type_id":"490","type_name":"Underwater Camera","type_desc":"All types of photographic equipment that may be deployed underwater including stills, video, film and digital systems.","type_acronym":""}],"parameters":[{"_id":"904913","name":"Image_ID","format":"","frictionlessType":"string","description":"

Image identifier

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1741","name":"sample_descrip","description":"

text description or other traits of the sample collected

"}},{"_id":"904914","name":"Image_name","format":"","frictionlessType":"string","description":"

Image name (images are provided in benthic cover images.zip)

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"659543","name":"file_name","description":"

File name

"}},{"_id":"904915","name":"month","format":"","frictionlessType":"integer","description":"

Numeric month of year

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1115","name":"month","description":"

Month of year; numeric 1 to 12.

"}},{"_id":"904916","name":"day","format":"","frictionlessType":"integer","description":"

Day

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1113","name":"day","description":"

day of month; numeric 1 to 31

"}},{"_id":"904917","name":"year","format":"","frictionlessType":"integer","description":"

Year (in format YYYY)

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1062","name":"year","description":"

year, reported as YYYY, e.g. 1995

"}},{"_id":"904918","name":"Date","format":"%Y-%m-%d","frictionlessType":"date","description":"

Date (ISO 8601 date format)

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1070","name":"date","description":"

date; generally reported in GMT as YYYYMMDD (year; month; day); also as MMDD (month; day); EqPac dates are local Hawaii time. ISO_Date format is YYYY-MM-DD (http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards/iso8601.htm)

"}},{"_id":"904919","name":"Annotation_status","format":"","frictionlessType":"string","description":"

Annotation status. 'confirmed' indicates manually annotated

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"990","name":"status","description":"

state of the data, (e.g. new, pending, collected, raw)

"}},{"_id":"904920","name":"Points","format":"","frictionlessType":"integer","description":"

number of points per image