Increased standing macroalgal biomass in upwelling zones is generally assumed to be the result of higher nutrient flux due to upwelled waters, However, other factors can strongly impact macroalgal communities. For example, herbivory and temperature, via their effects on primary producers and the metabolic demands of consumers, can also influence macroalgal biomass and productivity, respectively. Although there is a fair number of studies looking at the interactive effects of herbivores and nutrients in both tropical and temperate regions, there is a lack of studies looking at these effects in tropical or subtropical upwelling regions. The purpose of this study was to measure the effects that herbivores, temperature, and nutrient availability have on standing macroalgal biomass. We manipulated nutrient availability and herbivory in six field experiments during contrasting productivity and thermal regimes (cool-upwelling and warm, non-upwelling season) on a subtidal nearshore rocky reef. Here, we present the macroalgal biomass raw data (Preburn, Postburn, and Ash-Free Dry Weight) collected in the nearshore shallow subtidal during an October 2022 field experiment.

Table of Contents

• Coverage
• Dataset Description
  • Methods & Sampling
  • Data Processing Description
• Related Publications
• Parameters
• Instruments
• Project Information
• Funding

Methods & Sampling:

Macroalgae accumulated in exclusion and open cages (deployed in the seafloor) was scraped and vacuumed into independent collection mesh bags after four-week trial in October 2022 (09/15 to 10/13).  Ash-Free Dry Weight (AFDW) of the macroalgae samples was determined by drying each sample in an oven for 24 hours at 60 °C and then burning it in a muffle furnace for 4 hours at 500  °C. 

 

BCO-DMO Processing Notes:

• In column names, spaces were replaced with underscores ("_")
• Non underscore special characters were removed from column header names

Coverage: Galapagos Islands

NSF Award Abstract:
Nearly all the animals that inhabit the ocean are "cold-blooded" or ectothermic, meaning their body temperatures match the temperature of the ocean around them. This has important consequences for their physiology and more broadly for the way marine ecosystems function. When ectotherms warm up, their metabolism increases; meaning they breathe more rapidly, and eat more just to stay alive. This is bad news for prey since a warm predator is a hungry predator. But warming also enables prey species to crawl or swim away more quickly when being hunted. Thus, everything speeds up in warm water. Energy flows more quickly from the sun to seaweeds (via photosynthesis), to the herbivores, then on up to the large predators at the top of the food chain. The research team is testing these ideas in the Galápagos Islands to determine how temperature influences marine ecosystems. Ongoing work in this iconic natural laboratory is helping marine ecologists understand the role of temperature and how this and other ecosystems could function in the future as climate change warms the ocean. Other broader impacts of the project include student training and on-site outreach to tourists and the local community about ocean warming and some of the lesser-known species that inhabit the Galápagos.

The broad goal of this project is to understand the effect that temperature has on patterns and processes in upwelling systems. Specifically, the team is measuring the temperature-dependence of herbivory and carnivory in rocky subtidal habitats of the Galápagos. They are performing field experiments to measure the relative and interactive effects of temperature, herbivory, and nutrient flux on the productivity and standing biomass of benthic macroalgae. Additionally, they are using in situ predation assays across spatial and temporal temperature gradients and mesocosm experiments to determine the relationship between ocean temperature and predation intensity for predator-prey pairings including whelk–barnacle, sea star–urchin, and fish–squid.

This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.