http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/906070
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2023-08-11
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Fluorescence dissolved organic matter (fDOM) analysis of inhalant and exhalent water samples from sponges studied at an artificial reef off the coast of the Florida Keys, USA in August 2021
2023-08-11
publication
2023-08-11
revision
Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)
2023-08-21
publication
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.906070.1
Cole G. Easson
Middle Tennessee State University
principalInvestigator
Cara L. Fiore
Appalachian State University
principalInvestigator
Christopher J. Freeman
College of Charleston
principalInvestigator
Robert W. Thacker
Stony Brook University
principalInvestigator
Alicia M. Reigel
Appalachian State University
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Bartley, M. M., Fiore, C. L., Keleher, J., Freeman, C. J., Easson, C. G., Thacker, R. W., Reigel, A. M. (2023) Fluorescence dissolved organic matter (fDOM) analysis of inhalant and exhalent water samples from sponges studied at an artificial reef off the coast of the Florida Keys, USA in August 2021. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2023-08-11 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.906070.1 [access date]
Artificial Reef fDOM Dataset Description: Methods and Sampling: <p>This study was conducted at an artificial reef near Looe Key reef in the Florida Keys (USA), depth 10 meters. The artificial reef was removed after the experiment was completed.</p>
<p>To examine differences in nutrient profiles across sponge species, an artificial reef was constructed with 5 rows, with 10 cinder blocks per row, the rows were arranged in a semi-circle, and rebar was run through each individual row and secured at the middle and ends to ensure that the rows would not move over the duration of the experiment. Species (n = 10 replicates of 10 species) were placed on the rows in roughly a Latin-square design to spread out any environmental variable that may exist on the artificial reef across replicates of species. The depth of the reef was approximately 7 meters and immediately surrounding the reef was sand on all sides. The rows of sponges were placed so that they were as equal as possible in exposure to light and water flow. Two pieces of 5-millimeter (mm) polystyrene mesh were placed on top of each of the cinder blocks and secured with cable ties. Ten individuals of each of the 10 focal species (<em>Aiolochroia crassa</em>, <em>Aplysina cauliformis</em>, <em>Aplysina fulva,</em> <em>Amphimedon compressa</em>, <em>Iotrochota birotulata</em>, <em>Ircinia felix</em>, <em>Niphates digitalis</em>, <em>Callyspongia aculeata</em>, <em>Verongula rigida</em>, and <em>Xestospongia muta</em>) were selected and individuals were attached to the polystyrene mesh using cable ties. The sponges were allowed to acclimate for 4 months. The sponge species were selected based on prevalence in the Caribbean and included four low microbial abundance (LMA) species (<em>Amphimedon compressa</em>, <em>Iotrochota birotulata</em>, <em>Niphates digitalis</em>, <em>Callyspongia aculeata</em>) while the remaining six species are considered high microbial abundance (HMA) sponges.</p>
<p><strong>In Situ Water collection:</strong><br />
Samples for all nutrient analyses were collected using a modular vacuum setup (VacuSIP) which was implemented and modified from Morganti et al. 2016. The VacuSIP included poly ether ether ketone (PEEK) tubing (used commonly in HPLC instruments) that was placed over the sponge osculum (sponge exhalent seawater) or near the sponge (inhalant seawater) and positioned using tripods. The tubing was connected via syringe needle to pressurized 250 milliliter (mL amber glass bottles with Teflon septate caps. The 250 mL glass vials were pre-combusted within days of sampling (6 hours at 450 °Celsius) and pressurized manually to -15 psi and this pressure increased slightly at the depth of the artificial reef. VacuSIP lines were acid rinsed in 10% HCl. Pumping was confirmed using fluorescent dye before each collection and the dye was allowed to clear before sampling. Tubing was then positioned directly above the pumping oscula for small sponges or inside the oscula close to the sponge for larger sponges. VacuSIP lines were then attached to the appropriate 250 mL bottles in the crates by sticking the needles at the end of the line into the septa of the bottle. Tubing for inhalant water collection was inserted into the appropriate 250 mL bottles. The apparatus contained fewer lines than 250 mL collection bottles, so the apparatus was set up to fill half of the bottles in the collection crate for 120 minutes, then the lines were moved to new bottles to fill the remaining bottles for 90 minutes. Once at the surface, the 250 mL bottles for each individual sample were combined into 2 liter (L) bottles, one for inhalant and one for exhalent water samples, that were labeled and then stored on ice in coolers until they were filtered.</p>
<p><strong>Water Filtration:</strong><br />
A Cole-Palmer Masterflex L/S Intertek fitted with a Masterflex L/S easyload II head and Multichannel Pump Head Cartridges was used to filter the samples at a rate of 40 mL per minute through High-Performance Precision Pump Tubing, PharMed® BPT, L/S 15 with a 0.2 micrometer (µm) Supor filter into 1L acid-rinsed polycarbonate bottles that were covered with aluminum foil. The filters were archived for future microbiome analysis and the filtrate was stored in 40 mL amber vials with Teflon septa. Filtrate for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) was acidified to ~pH 2 using 6N HCl and stored at 4°Celsius. Samples for DOC and TDN were sent to the UGA Stable Isotope Ecology Laboratory for analysis using a Shimadzu TOC-5000A Total Organic Carbon Analyzer. While DOC and TDN samples were collected, there was contamination in these samples from an unknown source and therefore, DOC and TDN were not used in any data analysis. Filtrate for fluorescent dissolved organic matter (fDOM) was not acidified and stored at 4°Celsius. The fDOM samples were shipped to a collaborator at the University of Hawaii (Dr. Craig Nelson) where they were stored until analysis. The investigator worked with the Nelson lab at UH to process and analyze the fDOM as samples described below.</p>
<p><strong>fDOM Sample Processing:</strong><br />
Following the methods from Nelson et al. (2015), samples were analyzed with a Horiba Aqualog scanning fluorometer with 150 watts Xe excitation lamp, Peltier-cooled CCD emission detector, and simultaneous absorbance spectrometer. Quartz cuvettes of 1-centimeter (cm) diameter, which were DIW-leached and rinsed, were used to measure fluorescence. Samples were brought to room temperature while the Xe bulb warmed up.</p>
<p><strong>Known problems or issues:</strong><br />
Not all replicates of each sponge were sampled. Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) and Total Dissolved Nitrogen (TDN) values are absent from the dataset due to contamination of samples.</p>
<p>Percent change in nutrients was calculated only for fDOM components, not for inorganic nutrients or for particulates captured on the GF/F filters.</p>
<p>Several samples were not analyzed for fDOM or for inorganic nutrients (broken or lost), and only a subset of samples were analyzed with the GF/F filters.</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1915949 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1915949
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1756799 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1756799
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1929293 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1929293
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1756114 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1756114
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1756249 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1756249
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1756171 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1756171
completed
Cole G. Easson
Middle Tennessee State University
615-898-5822
1672 Greenland Drive SCI 2044
Murfreesboro
TN
37132
USA
Cole.Easson@mtsu.edu
pointOfContact
Cara L. Fiore
Appalachian State University
828-262-7548
572 Rivers St
Boone
NC
28607
USA
fiorec@appstate.edu
pointOfContact
Christopher J. Freeman
College of Charleston
817-707-5840
66 George Street Department of Biology
Charleston
SC
29424
USA
freemancj@cofc.edu
pointOfContact
Robert W. Thacker
Stony Brook University
631-632-9949
West 5510 FRK MEL LIB
Stony Brook
NY
11794
USA
robert.thacker@stonybrook.edu
pointOfContact
Alicia M. Reigel
Appalachian State University
Lexington
VA
USA
areigel@wlu.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
Sample_ID
Type
Species
Sample
Microbial_Abundance
Microbial_Community_Composition
DayCollected
Row
Neighbor
Total_sample_RU_after_blank_subtraction
M_to_C_ratio
BIX
HIX
FI
Ultra_Violet_Humic_like
Marine_Humic_like
Visible_Humic_like
Tryptophan_like
Tyrosine_like
Phenylalanine_like
Fulvic_Acid_like
Lignin_like
Phosphate
Nitrate_Nitrite
Silicate
Nitrite
Ammonium
Filter_Initial_weight
Filter_Post_weight
Difference_Filter_in_weight
Filter_Total_pcnt_N
Filter_Total_N
Filter_Total_pcnt_C
Filter_Total_C
Filter_C_to_N_Ratio
Alpkem RFA 300
Thermo Flash 1000
Horiba Aqualog scanning fluorometer
Technicon AutoAnalyzer II
Shimadzu TOC-5000A
theme
None, User defined
sample identification
sample type
species scientific name (binomial)
replicate
sample description
time_elapsed
No BCO-DMO term
ratio
phosphate
nitrate plus nitrite
Silicate, Si(OH)4, silicic acid
Nitrite
Ammonium
weight
Nitrogen
Elemental carbon (C)
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
Alpkem RFA300
Elemental Analyzer
Fluorometer
Technicon AutoAnalyzer II
Total Organic Carbon Analyzer
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
Collaborative Research: Investigations into microbially mediated ecological diversification in sponges
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/772220
Collaborative Research: Investigations into microbially mediated ecological diversification in sponges
<p><em>NSF Award Abstract:</em><br />
Coral reefs represent a paradox because, despite their immense productivity and biodiversity, they are found in nutrient-poor habitats that are equivalent to "marine deserts." High biodiversity is often associated with a division of resources that allows many types of organisms to coexist with minimal competition. Indeed, unlike many other organisms on coral reefs, sponges are adapted to efficiently remove bacteria, phytoplankton, and dissolved organic matter from seawater by filter-feeding. Sponges are a dominant component of coral reefs worldwide and in the Caribbean, where their biomass exceeds that of reef-building corals. For almost a quarter century, the success of sponges in the Caribbean has been linked to their filter-feeding ability. However, recent work demonstrated that coexisting sponges on Caribbean reefs host unique communities of bacteria that might allow sponges to access multiple pools of nutrients that are not available to other organisms. In this project, the investigators will test the hypothesis that ecologically dominant sponge species in the Caribbean have unique metabolic strategies that are mediated by their associations with microbes that live within the sponge body. This research will combine manipulative field experiments with a novel combination of modern analytical tools to investigate both filter-feeding by sponge hosts and the metabolic pathways of their microbes. This work will advance our understanding of the ecological and evolutionary forces that have helped shape the species present on Caribbean coral reefs. Additionally, this project will support three early-career investigators and provide training opportunities for graduate and undergraduate students at Nova Southeastern University, Appalachian State University, Stony Brook University, and Smithsonian Marine Station. The investigators will also develop innovative outreach programs that expand existing platforms at their institutions to increase public engagement and scientific literacy.</p>
<p>Marine sponges have been widely successful in their expansion across ecological niches in the Caribbean, with biomass often exceeding that of reef-building corals and high species diversity. However, whether this success is linked to efficient heterotrophic filter-feeding on organic carbon in the water column or to their evolutionary investment in microbial symbionts is yet to be fully elucidated. Microbial symbionts expand the metabolic capabilities of host sponges, supplementing heterotrophic feeding with inorganic carbon and nitrogen, mediating the assimilation of dissolved organic matter, and facilitating recycling of host-derived nitrogen. Despite these benefits, microbial symbiont communities are widely divergent across coexisting sponge species and there is substantial variation in host reliance on symbiont-derived carbon and nitrogen among host sponges; therefore, these associations likely mediate the ecological diversification of coexisting sponge species. The goal of this project is to test this transformative hypothesis by adopting an integrative approach to assess the individual components of holobiont metabolism (i.e., microbial symbionts and sponge host) in ten of the most common sponge species in the Caribbean. The investigators will isolate autotrophic and heterotrophic metabolic pathways and explore potential links between microbial symbiont community composition and the assimilation of particulate and dissolved organic matter (POM and DOM) from seawater. This project will elucidate whether Caribbean sponge species are on similar or divergent evolutionary trajectories, and will provide information that is critical for our understanding of how conditions in the Caribbean basin have shaped the evolution of benthic organisms.</p>
Ecological Diversification in Sponges
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
-81.408711
-81.408711
24.562003
24.562003
2021-08-04
2021-08-12
Caribbean coast of Panama
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Fluorescence dissolved organic matter (fDOM) analysis of inhalant and exhalent water samples from sponges studied at an artificial reef off the coast of the Florida Keys, USA in August 2021
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/906131.rdf
Name: Sample_ID
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Unique sample identity</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/906132.rdf
Name: Type
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Abbreviation for sampled sponge species, first capitalized letter representing the first letter of the genus name, last three letters representing the first three of the species name. E.g Ndig = N. digitalis</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/906133.rdf
Name: Species
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Inhalant water samples from outside of sponge or exhalent water samples leaving the osculum of the sponge after it has been filtered by the sponge.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/906134.rdf
Name: Sample
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Sample replicate number (1-10)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/906135.rdf
Name: Microbial_Abundance
Units: unitless
Description: <p>High Microbial Abundance (HMA) or Low Microbial Abundance (LMA)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/906136.rdf
Name: Microbial_Community_Composition
Units: unitless
Description: <p>The microbial community composition was defined by the presence of both nitrifying bacteria and archaea and photoautotrophs ("both"), nitrifiers only ("nitrate"), or neither of these microbial groups ("neither") (data from Freeman et al., 2020).</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/906137.rdf
Name: DayCollected
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Day of experiment run in which sample was collected.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/906138.rdf
Name: Row
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Row number within the artificial reef in which the sponge that the samples were taken from was located.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/906139.rdf
Name: Neighbor
Units: unitless
Description: <p>The sponge species neighboring the individual that was sampled.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/906140.rdf
Name: Total_sample_RU_after_blank_subtraction
Units: Raman units of water (RU)
Description: <p>Total Raman units in the sample minus the Raman units of the milliQ water blank</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/906141.rdf
Name: M_to_C_ratio
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Ratio of Coble Peak M (Marine Humic-like) to Cole Peak C (Visible Humic-like)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/906142.rdf
Name: BIX
Units: biotic index score
Description: <p>Biological Index meaning the tolerance values assigned to species.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/906143.rdf
Name: HIX
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Jumification index indicates the ratio between the humified and the non-humified portion of an organic substance</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/906144.rdf
Name: FI
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Fluorescence Index used to distinguish a microbial (FI > 1.8) or terrestrial (FI < 1.2) source</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/906145.rdf
Name: Ultra_Violet_Humic_like
Units: Raman units of water (RU)
Description: <p>Coble Peak A (Ultra Violet Humic-like)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/906146.rdf
Name: Marine_Humic_like
Units: Raman units of water (RU)
Description: <p>Coble Peak M (Marine Humic-like)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/906147.rdf
Name: Visible_Humic_like
Units: Raman units of water (RU)
Description: <p>Coble Peak C (Visible Humic-like)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/906148.rdf
Name: Tryptophan_like
Units: Raman units of water (RU)
Description: <p>Coble Beak T (Tryptophan-like)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/906149.rdf
Name: Tyrosine_like
Units: Raman units of water (RU)
Description: <p>Coble Peak B (Tyrosine-like)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/906150.rdf
Name: Phenylalanine_like
Units: Raman units of water (RU)
Description: <p>Coble Peak F (Phenylalanine-like)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/906151.rdf
Name: Fulvic_Acid_like
Units: Raman units of water (RU)
Description: <p>Peak D (Stedmon, 2003)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/906152.rdf
Name: Lignin_like
Units: Raman units of water (RU)
Description: <p>Peaks corresponding to lignin phenols as in Herenes et al. 2009</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/906153.rdf
Name: Phosphate
Units: micromoles per liter of water (umol/L)
Description: <p>Concentration of dissolved phosphate in micromoles per liter</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/906154.rdf
Name: Nitrate_Nitrite
Units: micromoles per liter of water (umol/L)
Description: <p>Concentration of dissolved nitrate that was reduced to nitrite plus the nitrite in micromoles per liter</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/906155.rdf
Name: Silicate
Units: micromoles per liter of water (umol/L)
Description: <p>Concentration of dissolved silicate in micromoles per liter</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/906156.rdf
Name: Nitrite
Units: micromoles per liter of water (umol/L)
Description: <p>Concentration of dissolved nitrite in micromoles per liter</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/906157.rdf
Name: Ammonium
Units: micromoles per liter of water (umol/L)
Description: <p>Concentration of dissolved ammonium in micromoles per liter</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/906158.rdf
Name: Filter_Initial_weight
Units: milligrams (mg)
Description: <p>Dry weight of the GF/F filter</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/906159.rdf
Name: Filter_Post_weight
Units: milligrams (mg)
Description: <p>Weight of the GF/F filter after water filtration and drying at 60 degrees C overnight</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/906160.rdf
Name: Difference_Filter_in_weight
Units: milligrams (mg)
Description: <p>The difference between the weight of the GF/F filter after water filtration and the dry weight of the filter</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/906161.rdf
Name: Filter_Total_pcnt_N
Units: percent
Description: <p>Total nitrogen on the GF/F filter as a percentage</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/906162.rdf
Name: Filter_Total_N
Units: milligrams (mg)
Description: <p>Total nitrogen in mg on the GF/F filter based on percent nitrogen and the difference in filter weight</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/906163.rdf
Name: Filter_Total_pcnt_C
Units: percent
Description: <p>Total carbon on the GF/F filter as a percentage</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/906164.rdf
Name: Filter_Total_C
Units: milligrams (mg)
Description: <p>Total carbon in mg on the GF/F filter based on percent nitrogen and the difference in filter weight</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/906165.rdf
Name: Filter_C_to_N_Ratio
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Ratio of the percent C to percent N on the GF/F filters</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
34362
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/627c890d-6246-4e95-8d21-f3ad6567110e/content
download
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.906070.1
download
onLine
dataset
<p>This study was conducted at an artificial reef near Looe Key reef in the Florida Keys (USA), depth 10 meters. The artificial reef was removed after the experiment was completed.</p>
<p>To examine differences in nutrient profiles across sponge species, an artificial reef was constructed with 5 rows, with 10 cinder blocks per row, the rows were arranged in a semi-circle, and rebar was run through each individual row and secured at the middle and ends to ensure that the rows would not move over the duration of the experiment. Species (n = 10 replicates of 10 species) were placed on the rows in roughly a Latin-square design to spread out any environmental variable that may exist on the artificial reef across replicates of species. The depth of the reef was approximately 7 meters and immediately surrounding the reef was sand on all sides. The rows of sponges were placed so that they were as equal as possible in exposure to light and water flow. Two pieces of 5-millimeter (mm) polystyrene mesh were placed on top of each of the cinder blocks and secured with cable ties. Ten individuals of each of the 10 focal species (<em>Aiolochroia crassa</em>, <em>Aplysina cauliformis</em>, <em>Aplysina fulva,</em> <em>Amphimedon compressa</em>, <em>Iotrochota birotulata</em>, <em>Ircinia felix</em>, <em>Niphates digitalis</em>, <em>Callyspongia aculeata</em>, <em>Verongula rigida</em>, and <em>Xestospongia muta</em>) were selected and individuals were attached to the polystyrene mesh using cable ties. The sponges were allowed to acclimate for 4 months. The sponge species were selected based on prevalence in the Caribbean and included four low microbial abundance (LMA) species (<em>Amphimedon compressa</em>, <em>Iotrochota birotulata</em>, <em>Niphates digitalis</em>, <em>Callyspongia aculeata</em>) while the remaining six species are considered high microbial abundance (HMA) sponges.</p>
<p><strong>In Situ Water collection:</strong><br />
Samples for all nutrient analyses were collected using a modular vacuum setup (VacuSIP) which was implemented and modified from Morganti et al. 2016. The VacuSIP included poly ether ether ketone (PEEK) tubing (used commonly in HPLC instruments) that was placed over the sponge osculum (sponge exhalent seawater) or near the sponge (inhalant seawater) and positioned using tripods. The tubing was connected via syringe needle to pressurized 250 milliliter (mL amber glass bottles with Teflon septate caps. The 250 mL glass vials were pre-combusted within days of sampling (6 hours at 450 °Celsius) and pressurized manually to -15 psi and this pressure increased slightly at the depth of the artificial reef. VacuSIP lines were acid rinsed in 10% HCl. Pumping was confirmed using fluorescent dye before each collection and the dye was allowed to clear before sampling. Tubing was then positioned directly above the pumping oscula for small sponges or inside the oscula close to the sponge for larger sponges. VacuSIP lines were then attached to the appropriate 250 mL bottles in the crates by sticking the needles at the end of the line into the septa of the bottle. Tubing for inhalant water collection was inserted into the appropriate 250 mL bottles. The apparatus contained fewer lines than 250 mL collection bottles, so the apparatus was set up to fill half of the bottles in the collection crate for 120 minutes, then the lines were moved to new bottles to fill the remaining bottles for 90 minutes. Once at the surface, the 250 mL bottles for each individual sample were combined into 2 liter (L) bottles, one for inhalant and one for exhalent water samples, that were labeled and then stored on ice in coolers until they were filtered.</p>
<p><strong>Water Filtration:</strong><br />
A Cole-Palmer Masterflex L/S Intertek fitted with a Masterflex L/S easyload II head and Multichannel Pump Head Cartridges was used to filter the samples at a rate of 40 mL per minute through High-Performance Precision Pump Tubing, PharMed® BPT, L/S 15 with a 0.2 micrometer (µm) Supor filter into 1L acid-rinsed polycarbonate bottles that were covered with aluminum foil. The filters were archived for future microbiome analysis and the filtrate was stored in 40 mL amber vials with Teflon septa. Filtrate for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) was acidified to ~pH 2 using 6N HCl and stored at 4°Celsius. Samples for DOC and TDN were sent to the UGA Stable Isotope Ecology Laboratory for analysis using a Shimadzu TOC-5000A Total Organic Carbon Analyzer. While DOC and TDN samples were collected, there was contamination in these samples from an unknown source and therefore, DOC and TDN were not used in any data analysis. Filtrate for fluorescent dissolved organic matter (fDOM) was not acidified and stored at 4°Celsius. The fDOM samples were shipped to a collaborator at the University of Hawaii (Dr. Craig Nelson) where they were stored until analysis. The investigator worked with the Nelson lab at UH to process and analyze the fDOM as samples described below.</p>
<p><strong>fDOM Sample Processing:</strong><br />
Following the methods from Nelson et al. (2015), samples were analyzed with a Horiba Aqualog scanning fluorometer with 150 watts Xe excitation lamp, Peltier-cooled CCD emission detector, and simultaneous absorbance spectrometer. Quartz cuvettes of 1-centimeter (cm) diameter, which were DIW-leached and rinsed, were used to measure fluorescence. Samples were brought to room temperature while the Xe bulb warmed up.</p>
<p><strong>Known problems or issues:</strong><br />
Not all replicates of each sponge were sampled. Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) and Total Dissolved Nitrogen (TDN) values are absent from the dataset due to contamination of samples.</p>
<p>Percent change in nutrients was calculated only for fDOM components, not for inorganic nutrients or for particulates captured on the GF/F filters.</p>
<p>Several samples were not analyzed for fDOM or for inorganic nutrients (broken or lost), and only a subset of samples were analyzed with the GF/F filters.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p><strong>Fluorescent dissolved organic matter (fDOM) processing:</strong><br />
Excitation-emission matrices (EEMs), 3D contour plots of excitation and emission fluorescence, were measured from the 108 samples, starting with 4 DIW filled cuvettes as blanks at the beginning and end of the analysis. Scans were processed using a MATLAB script that use parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) to identify peaks in the EEMs that correspond to previously characterized fluorescent components of humic-like and amino acid-like components (<a href="https://github.com/zquinlan/fDOMmatlab/script.md" target="_blank">https://github.com/zquinlan/fDOMmatlab/script.md</a>) (Coble, 1996; Nelson et al 2015).</p>
<p><strong>Inorganic nutrient processing:</strong><br />
Filtrate (0.2 µm) was stored in acid-cleaned polypropylene bottles at -20° Celsius for inorganic nutrient analysis. Samples were shipped to Oregon State University (OSU) nutrient analysis laboratory. At OSU, Technicon AutoAnalyzer II™ components were used to measure phosphate and ammonium; and Alpkem RFA 300™ components were used for silicic acid, nitrate plus nitrite, and nitrite. Gordon et al. (1994) described analytical methods and data processing. The phosphate method was a modification of the molybdenum blue procedure of Bernhardt and Wilhelms (1967), in which phosphate is determined as reduced phosphomolybdic acid employing hydrazine as the reductant. The nitrate + nitrite analysis used the basic method of Armstrong et al. (1967), with modifications to improve the precision and ease of operation. Sulfanilamide and N-(1-Napthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride react with nitrite to form a colored diazo compound. For the nitrate + nitrite analysis, nitrate was first reduced to nitrite using an OTCR and imidazole buffer as described by Patton (1983). Nitrite analysis was performed on a separate channel, omitting the cadmium reductor and the buffer. The method was based on that of Armstrong et al. (1967) as adapted by Atlas et al. (1971). Addition of an acidic molybdate reagent forms silicomolybdic acid which is then reduced by stannous chloride. This indophenol blue method is modified from ALPKEM RFA methodology which references Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, March 1984, EPA-600/4-79-020, "Nitrogen Ammonia", Method 350.1 (Colorimetric, Automated Phenate). All values are concentration in micromoles per liter of seawater.</p>
<p><strong>Elemental analysis of particulates retained on glass fiber filters:</strong><br />
Combusted glass fiber filters (GF/F, 0.7 µm mesh, 13 mm diameter) were weighed prior to water filtration, then oven-dried at 60° Celsius for 24 hours before weighing again after water filtration. Dried filters were carefully packed into tin capsules (8 x 5 mm, EAconsumables), stored in a 96-well plate and shipped to the University of Georgia (UGA) Stable Isotope Ecology Laboratory (SIEL) for elemental analysis. Blank combusted filters were also weighed and added to the plate as background controls. At UGA, samples were analyzed for carbon and nitrogen content using a 2 Thermo Flash 1000 series elemental analyzer. Elemental standards included the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standard reference material 1570a. The percent carbon and nitrogen content were calculated for each sample and obtained from UGA SIEL.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
- Imported original file named "fDOM_and_nutrients_combined_ForBCODMO_ArtificialReef2021_Fiore.xlsx" into the BCO-DMO system.
- Renamed fields to comply with BCO-DMO naming conventions (replaced spaces with underscores and removed or replaced other non-allowed characters).
- Rounded columns to 5 decimal places.
- Named the final file "906070_v1_artificial_reef_fdom.csv".
Specified by BCO-DMO Data Managers
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
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Alpkem RFA 300
Alpkem RFA 300
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Alpkem RFA 300 PI Supplied Instrument Description:Alpkem RFA 300™ components were used to measure silicic acid, nitrate plus nitrite, and nitrite. Instrument Name: Alpkem RFA300 Instrument Short Name:Alpkem RFA300 Instrument Description: A rapid flow analyser (RFA) that may be used to measure nutrient concentrations in seawater. It is an air-segmented, continuous flow instrument comprising a sampler, a peristaltic pump which simultaneously pumps samples, reagents and air bubbles through the system, analytical cartridge, heating bath, colorimeter, data station, and printer. The RFA-300 was a precursor to the smaller Alpkem RFA/2 (also RFA II or RFA-2). Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0414/
Thermo Flash 1000
Thermo Flash 1000
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Thermo Flash 1000 PI Supplied Instrument Description:A Thermo Flash 1000 series elemental analyzer was used for elemental analysis of GF/F filters. Instrument Name: Elemental Analyzer Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: Instruments that quantify carbon, nitrogen and sometimes other elements by combusting the sample at very high temperature and assaying the resulting gaseous oxides. Usually used for samples including organic material. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB01/
Horiba Aqualog scanning fluorometer
Horiba Aqualog scanning fluorometer
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Horiba Aqualog scanning fluorometer Instrument Name: Fluorometer Instrument Short Name:Fluorometer Instrument Description: A fluorometer or fluorimeter is a device used to measure parameters of fluorescence: its intensity and wavelength distribution of emission spectrum after excitation by a certain spectrum of light. The instrument is designed to measure the amount of stimulated electromagnetic radiation produced by pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted into a water sample or in situ. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/113/
Technicon AutoAnalyzer II
Technicon AutoAnalyzer II
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Technicon AutoAnalyzer II PI Supplied Instrument Description:Technicon AutoAnalyzer II™ components were used to measure phosphate and ammonium. Instrument Name: Technicon AutoAnalyzer II Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: A rapid flow analyzer that may be used to measure nutrient concentrations in seawater. It is a continuous segmented flow instrument consisting of a sampler, peristaltic pump, analytical cartridge, heating bath, and colorimeter. See more information about this instrument from the manufacturer. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0291/
Shimadzu TOC-5000A
Shimadzu TOC-5000A
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Shimadzu TOC-5000A PI Supplied Instrument Description:Samples for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) were sent to the UGA Stable Isotope Ecology Laboratory for analysis using a Shimadzu TOC-5000A Total Organic Carbon Analyzer. Instrument Name: Total Organic Carbon Analyzer Instrument Short Name:TOC analyzer Instrument Description: A unit that accurately determines the carbon concentrations of organic compounds typically by detecting and measuring its combustion product (CO2). See description document at: http://bcodata.whoi.edu/LaurentianGreatLakes_Chemistry/bs116.pdf Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB04/