http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/907507 eng; USA utf8 dataset Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact 2023-09-01 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Comparative analysis of tissue biomass and energy reserves of six coral species from nearshore and offshore reefs in Palau, Micronesia during March 2017 2023-09-19 publication 2023-09-19 revision Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA) 2023-09-21 publication https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.907507.1 Dustin Kemp University of Alabama at Birmingham principalInvestigator Elise Keister University of Alabama at Birmingham principalInvestigator Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. publisher Cite this dataset as: Kemp, D., Keister, E. (2023) Comparative analysis of tissue biomass and energy reserves of six coral species from nearshore and offshore reefs in Palau, Micronesia during March 2017. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2023-09-19 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.907507.1 [access date] Palau coral comparative analysis thermal tolerance physiology Dataset Description: &lt;p&gt;Six coral species from two reef&amp;nbsp;environments were sampled in March 2017 for comparative analysis in order to investigate the underlying physiological mechanisms for thermal tolerance.&amp;nbsp; Offshore samples were collected at Rebotel Reef on the western barrier reef of Palau (7.248833° N, 134.235817° E) while nearshore corals were collected at&amp;nbsp;Ngermid Bay (aka&amp;nbsp;Nikko Bay)&amp;nbsp;approximately 28 km away (7.3245° N, 134.4939° E).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; Methods and Sampling: &lt;p&gt;Summarized from: &lt;em&gt;Keister, E.F., Gantt, S.E., Reich, H.G., Turnham, K.E., Bateman, T.G., LaJeunesse, T.C., Warner, M.E., Kemp, D.W. Similarities in biomass and energy reserves among coral colonies from contrasting reef environments. Scientific Reports (2023).DOI:10.1038/s41598-023-28289-6&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;u&gt;Field sampling&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br /&gt; For each species, coral colonies were sampled (n= 3 to 14 individuals) at depths of 5 to 10 meters for offshore colonies and 2 to 5 meters for nearshore colonies. The sampled colonies were spaced at least 10 meters apart. All colonies selected for sampling were of similar sizes, representative of typical sizes for each species, and fragments were taken from the top and center of the colonies. Prior to sample collection, the coral colonies displayed no visible signs of stress, and there were no reported thermal anomalies or bleaching events.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The sampled coral colonies were carefully transported back to the Palau International Coral Research Center (PICRC) in coolers filled with seawater. At PICRC, the coral samples were individually placed into Whirlpaks® and immediately frozen at a temperature of -40°C. The frozen samples were then transported to the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) in the United States, where they were stored at -80°C until further processing.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;u&gt;Laboratory processing&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br /&gt; While still frozen, the coral fragments were cut into approximately 4 cm^&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; pieces using a Torque Master Tile Saw (QEP) equipped with a diamond blade. All excess skeleton, boring sponges, and epibionts were carefully removed from the coral fragments. To determine the surface area of each fragment, 3D scanning was performed using a Capture Mini 3D scanner along with Geomagic® Controlx64™ software from 3DSystems. Subsequently, the coral fragments were lyophilized for 36 hours using a Labconco Freeze Dry System and weighed to determine their total dry mass.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The lyophilized coral fragments were individually pulverized into a fine, homogenized powder using a SPEX Sample Prep ball mill. This powder consisted of the complete coral holobiont, including the animal host, endosymbiotic dinoflagellate communities, and microbiome. The powdered samples were then partitioned for further analysis, including the examination of tissue biomass and energy reserves such as total lipids, soluble protein, and carbohydrates.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tissue biomass&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br /&gt; To assess tissue biomass, the dry powdered coral fragments were weighed, ranging from approximately 0.5 to 3.3 grams. These fragments were then subjected to combustion in a muffle furnace for a duration of 12 hours at a temperature of 500°C. This process allowed for the determination of the total organic content. The ash-free dry weight (AFDW) was calculated by subtracting the weight of the ash after combustion from the initial dry weight of the fragments. The ratio of AFDW to the total dry weight was utilized to calculate the overall AFDW, representing the total coral tissue biomass per surface area of the entire fragment.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;u&gt;Energy reserves&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br /&gt; For the measurement of energy reserves, the sample sizes varied depending on the availability of samples. For some species, the offshore sampling yielded anywhere from 3&amp;nbsp;to 14 individuals, while the nearshore sampling had 6 to 8 individuals. Energy reserves were assessed alongside the tissue biomass as part of the study.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Lipid analyses were conducted to determine the total lipids and quantify different lipid classes present in the coral samples. Approximately 0.6 grams of lyophilized coral fragment powder were used for the lipid extraction process. Triplicate, independent lipid extractions were performed for each sample using a modified Folch method. In brief, a solvent system consisting of chloroform, methanol, and 0.88% NaCl in specific ratios (8:4:3) was used to extract the total lipids. The solvent volume was maintained at a 20:1 ratio relative to the dry sample weight. The lower chloroform phase was collected in pre-weighed glass tubes and dried under a continuous stream of nitrogen gas. The gravimetric determination of total lipid concentration was performed, and the values were converted to Joules (J) per unit of ash-free dry weight (AFDW) per gram. To achieve a concentration of 10 mg/mL, 100% chloroform was added to the dried lipid extract.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; For the quantification of lipid classes, 1 μL of the lipid extracts was spotted in duplicate on individual silica Chromarods®. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was then conducted using a two-step solvent system. The first step involved a mixture of chloroform, methanol, and water (50:20:2 by volume) and allowed for the elution of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol (PS-PI), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). The second step involved a mixture of hexane, ethyl ether, and formic acid (60:15:1.5 by volume) and allowed for the elution of wax ester (WAX), triacylglycerol (TAG), sterol (ST), and diacylglycerols (DAG). The Chromarods were dried at 100°C for 10 minutes before being analyzed using an Iatroscan MK 6S thin-layer flame ionization detector (TLC-FID) for identification and quantification of lipid classes. Calibration of the Iatroscan MK 6S was performed using compound classes in the concentration range of 0.1-10.0 mg/mL, including l-alpha-phosphatidyl-l-serine for PS-PI, l-alpha-phosphatidylethanolamine for PE, l-alpha-phosphatidylcholine for PC, l-alpha-lysophosphatidylcholine for LPC, palmityl palmitate for WAX, tripalmitin for TAG, cholesterol for ST, and dipalmitin for DAG.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; All phospholipid lipid classes (PE, PS-PI, PC, LPC) were grouped together and analyzed as a single unit. The values for all lipid classes were presented in units of milligrams per unit of ash-free dry weight (AFDW) per gram.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;For the analysis of carbohydrates and proteins, specific protocols were followed. To quantify soluble proteins, approximately 0.5 grams of lyophilized and crushed coral samples were used. Following the procedure described by McLachlan et al., the samples were placed in 15 mL tubes, and 1 mL of a diluted 1x solution of radioimmunoprecipitation (RIPA, Sigma-Aldrich) was added. The samples underwent three freeze-thaw cycles to lyse the cells and solubilize the proteins. After centrifugation for 20 minutes at 4122g at 4°C, 1 mL of the supernatant containing the solubilized protein was transferred to a 2 mL tube. A modified Bradford assay, using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a standard, was then employed to quantify the soluble protein levels. All samples were analyzed in triplicate using a microplate reader (EPOCH 2, Agilent), measuring absorbance at 465 nm and 595 nm. The values for soluble proteins were converted to Joules per unit of ash-free dry weight (AFDW) per gram.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; For the quantification of carbohydrates, around 0.3 grams of lyophilized and crushed coral samples were placed in a 2 mL tube with 1 mL of Milli-Q water. The samples were sonicated at 35% intensity for 2 minutes using a Fisher Scientific model CL-18 sonicator. After centrifugation for 10 minutes at 1000g, 1 mL of the supernatant containing total carbohydrates was collected. A modified DuBois method, described in Masuko et al., was employed to quantify carbohydrates, with glucose used to create a standard curve. All samples were run in triplicate on a microplate reader (EPOCH 2, Agilent), measuring absorbance at 485 nm and 750 nm for the determination of total carbohydrates. The carbohydrate values were then converted to Joules per unit of ash-free dry weight (AFDW) per gram.&lt;/p&gt; Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1719684 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1719684 Funding provided by NSF Division of Integrative Organismal Systems (NSF IOS) Award Number: IOS-1719675 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1719675 completed Dustin Kemp University of Alabama at Birmingham 205-934-1426 1720 Second Ave South Birmingham AL 35294 US dwk@uab.edu pointOfContact Elise Keister University of Alabama at Birmingham ekeister@uab.edu pointOfContact asNeeded Dataset Version: 1 Unknown Latitude Longitude Sample_ID Species Site Collection_Date AFDW Total_lipids Surface_Area Protein Carbohydrate WAX TAG ST Phospholipids Capture Mini 3D scanner IEC clinical centrifuge Iatroscan MK 6S thin-layer flame ionization detector (TLC-FID) SPEX Sample Prep ball mill Labconco Freeze Dry System Torque Master Tile Saw (QEP) with a diamond blade microplate reader (EPOCH 2, Agilent) Sonicator model CL-18, Fisher Scientific theme None, User defined latitude longitude sample identification species scientific name (binomial) site date weight lipids in biota area protein concentration carbohydrates featureType BCO-DMO Standard Parameters 3D scanner Centrifuge Flame Ionization Detector Homogenizer Lyophilizer Manual Biota Sampler plate reader ultrasonic cell disrupter (sonicator) instrument BCO-DMO Standard Instruments otherRestrictions otherRestrictions Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use. Collaborative Research: Stability, flexibility, and functionality of thermally tolerant coral symbioses https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/708866 Collaborative Research: Stability, flexibility, and functionality of thermally tolerant coral symbioses <p>NSF abstract:</p> <p>All reef-building corals require large numbers of internal symbiotic microalgae (called Symbiodinium) for their survival and growth. These mutualisms have shown considerable sensitivity to changes in the environment in recent decades, especially due to global increases in ocean temperatures. When exposed to severe thermal stress, corals loose their symbionts and often die. However, recent experiments show that some symbionts may be more stress-tolerant. Corals with these heat-resistant symbionts continue to receive high amounts of algal derived nutrients and grow under elevated temperatures. If the global trend in seawater warming continues to increase, these heat-resistant symbioses may become more ecologically prevalent on reef systems around the world and could play a critical role in maintaining healthy and productive coral communities. This project will examine the ecological and physiological attributes of stress-tolerant symbioses from the Indo Pacific where coral communities are the largest, most diverse, and productive in the world. The researchers will conduct a series of experiments to (1) evaluate host and symbiont attributes that contribute to thermal tolerance and (2) characterize the relative flexibility and functionality of various corals and symbionts exposed to typical ambient and stressful temperatures. Broader impacts of the project include the training of several Ph.D. students, undergraduates, and high school students in the disciplines of physiology and ecology. The researchers will partner with Global Ocean Exploration, Inc. to communicate this research to the general public through short documentary videos, editorials, and podcasts. An interactive K-5 program, "Invertebrates on the Road," will introduce elementary students in Pennsylvania to marine invertebrate diversity. Research results will also be disseminated to the public at the University of Delaware via educational seminars, as well as through hands-on research displays and demonstrations presented at the annual open house "Coast Day" festival in each year of the project.</p> <p>This project will examine several attributes important to the functional ecology of coral-dinoflagellate symbioses. Specifically, the research team seeks to understand the interplay between coral and symbiont physiologies under different environmental conditions and determine the relative influence of biotic factors crucial to the performance of stress tolerant symbioses. Results from recent experiments on Indo-west Pacific corals found that Clade D (S. trenchii) symbionts are stress-tolerant. These symbionts are able to maintain function and provide nutrients to their hosts under high temperatures that typically elicit the breakdown of symbioses involving many other species of symbiont. A number of questions arise about how enhanced thermal tolerance symbioses may be aided by a combination of factors; for example: Are symbionts physiologically hardier in corals that are routinely feeding? Do host genotypes that are adapted to high temperatures affect the physiology of their symbionts in ways that make the partnership more stress-tolerant? A series of experiments over three years will examine the functionality of different coral-symbiont pairings exposed to ambient and high temperatures. Reciprocal transplants between inshore (stress-tolerant) and offshore (stress-susceptible) reef sites will be used to produce specific host-symbiont parings. Controlled experiments will test the relative importance of coral trophic status (nutrient content) while holding symbiont type constant and how changes in both coral trophic status and symbiont species identity of the resident affect thermal tolerance. Tank experiments on shore will track rates of photosynthesis as well as carbon translocation and assimilation from symbiont to host tissues and skeletons. Long-term growth rates via skeletal density, linear extension, and biomass gain will also be measured. This project will help elucidate how biochemical, physiological and ecological differences among host-symbiont pairings may respond to rising ocean temperatures and enhance the future viability of coral reefs.</p> Thermally tolerant coral largerWorkCitation project eng; USA biota oceans 134.235817 134.4939 7.248833 7.3245 2017-03-12 2017-03-25 Coral Reefs of Palau, Micronesia 0 BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Comparative analysis of tissue biomass and energy reserves of six coral species from nearshore and offshore reefs in Palau, Micronesia during March 2017 Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/908674.rdf Name: Latitude Units: decimal degrees Description: <p>Latitude of reef site</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/908675.rdf Name: Longitude Units: decimal degrees Description: <p>Longitude of reef site</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/908676.rdf Name: Sample_ID Units: unitless Description: <p>Identification given for individual samples and technical replicates</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/908677.rdf Name: Species Units: unitless Description: <p>Genus and species of collected sample</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/908678.rdf Name: Site Units: unitless Description: <p>Location of sampled colony (Rebotel Reef is offshore; Ngermid Bay is nearshore)</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/908679.rdf Name: Collection_Date Units: unitless Description: <p>Date of sample collection</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/908680.rdf Name: AFDW Units: grams Description: <p>Ash Free Dry Weight</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/908681.rdf Name: Total_lipids Units: joules Description: <p>Total lipids in joules</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/908682.rdf Name: Surface_Area Units: squared centimeters (cm^2) Description: <p>Surface area of coral fragment from 3D scan</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/908683.rdf Name: Protein Units: joules Description: <p>Total protein</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/908684.rdf Name: Carbohydrate Units: joules Description: <p>Total carbohydrate</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/908685.rdf Name: WAX Units: milligrams Ash Free Dry Weight per gram (mg AFDW/g) Description: <p>Wax esters</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/908686.rdf Name: TAG Units: milligrams Ash Free Dry Weight per gram (mg AFDW/g) Description: <p>Triacylglycerol</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/908687.rdf Name: ST Units: milligrams Ash Free Dry Weight per gram (mg AFDW/g) Description: <p>Sterol</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/908688.rdf Name: Phospholipids Units: milligrams Ash Free Dry Weight per gram (mg AFDW/g) Description: <p>Phospholipid</p> GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact 13290 https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/0a74d747-c7e7-4366-8b40-b6ad08baf968/content download https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.907507.1 download onLine dataset &lt;p&gt;Summarized from: &lt;em&gt;Keister, E.F., Gantt, S.E., Reich, H.G., Turnham, K.E., Bateman, T.G., LaJeunesse, T.C., Warner, M.E., Kemp, D.W. Similarities in biomass and energy reserves among coral colonies from contrasting reef environments. Scientific Reports (2023).DOI:10.1038/s41598-023-28289-6&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;u&gt;Field sampling&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br /&gt; For each species, coral colonies were sampled (n= 3 to 14 individuals) at depths of 5 to 10 meters for offshore colonies and 2 to 5 meters for nearshore colonies. The sampled colonies were spaced at least 10 meters apart. All colonies selected for sampling were of similar sizes, representative of typical sizes for each species, and fragments were taken from the top and center of the colonies. Prior to sample collection, the coral colonies displayed no visible signs of stress, and there were no reported thermal anomalies or bleaching events.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The sampled coral colonies were carefully transported back to the Palau International Coral Research Center (PICRC) in coolers filled with seawater. At PICRC, the coral samples were individually placed into Whirlpaks® and immediately frozen at a temperature of -40°C. The frozen samples were then transported to the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) in the United States, where they were stored at -80°C until further processing.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;u&gt;Laboratory processing&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br /&gt; While still frozen, the coral fragments were cut into approximately 4 cm^&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; pieces using a Torque Master Tile Saw (QEP) equipped with a diamond blade. All excess skeleton, boring sponges, and epibionts were carefully removed from the coral fragments. To determine the surface area of each fragment, 3D scanning was performed using a Capture Mini 3D scanner along with Geomagic® Controlx64™ software from 3DSystems. Subsequently, the coral fragments were lyophilized for 36 hours using a Labconco Freeze Dry System and weighed to determine their total dry mass.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The lyophilized coral fragments were individually pulverized into a fine, homogenized powder using a SPEX Sample Prep ball mill. This powder consisted of the complete coral holobiont, including the animal host, endosymbiotic dinoflagellate communities, and microbiome. The powdered samples were then partitioned for further analysis, including the examination of tissue biomass and energy reserves such as total lipids, soluble protein, and carbohydrates.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tissue biomass&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br /&gt; To assess tissue biomass, the dry powdered coral fragments were weighed, ranging from approximately 0.5 to 3.3 grams. These fragments were then subjected to combustion in a muffle furnace for a duration of 12 hours at a temperature of 500°C. This process allowed for the determination of the total organic content. The ash-free dry weight (AFDW) was calculated by subtracting the weight of the ash after combustion from the initial dry weight of the fragments. The ratio of AFDW to the total dry weight was utilized to calculate the overall AFDW, representing the total coral tissue biomass per surface area of the entire fragment.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;u&gt;Energy reserves&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br /&gt; For the measurement of energy reserves, the sample sizes varied depending on the availability of samples. For some species, the offshore sampling yielded anywhere from 3&amp;nbsp;to 14 individuals, while the nearshore sampling had 6 to 8 individuals. Energy reserves were assessed alongside the tissue biomass as part of the study.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Lipid analyses were conducted to determine the total lipids and quantify different lipid classes present in the coral samples. Approximately 0.6 grams of lyophilized coral fragment powder were used for the lipid extraction process. Triplicate, independent lipid extractions were performed for each sample using a modified Folch method. In brief, a solvent system consisting of chloroform, methanol, and 0.88% NaCl in specific ratios (8:4:3) was used to extract the total lipids. The solvent volume was maintained at a 20:1 ratio relative to the dry sample weight. The lower chloroform phase was collected in pre-weighed glass tubes and dried under a continuous stream of nitrogen gas. The gravimetric determination of total lipid concentration was performed, and the values were converted to Joules (J) per unit of ash-free dry weight (AFDW) per gram. To achieve a concentration of 10 mg/mL, 100% chloroform was added to the dried lipid extract.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; For the quantification of lipid classes, 1 μL of the lipid extracts was spotted in duplicate on individual silica Chromarods®. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was then conducted using a two-step solvent system. The first step involved a mixture of chloroform, methanol, and water (50:20:2 by volume) and allowed for the elution of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol (PS-PI), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). The second step involved a mixture of hexane, ethyl ether, and formic acid (60:15:1.5 by volume) and allowed for the elution of wax ester (WAX), triacylglycerol (TAG), sterol (ST), and diacylglycerols (DAG). The Chromarods were dried at 100°C for 10 minutes before being analyzed using an Iatroscan MK 6S thin-layer flame ionization detector (TLC-FID) for identification and quantification of lipid classes. Calibration of the Iatroscan MK 6S was performed using compound classes in the concentration range of 0.1-10.0 mg/mL, including l-alpha-phosphatidyl-l-serine for PS-PI, l-alpha-phosphatidylethanolamine for PE, l-alpha-phosphatidylcholine for PC, l-alpha-lysophosphatidylcholine for LPC, palmityl palmitate for WAX, tripalmitin for TAG, cholesterol for ST, and dipalmitin for DAG.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; All phospholipid lipid classes (PE, PS-PI, PC, LPC) were grouped together and analyzed as a single unit. The values for all lipid classes were presented in units of milligrams per unit of ash-free dry weight (AFDW) per gram.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;For the analysis of carbohydrates and proteins, specific protocols were followed. To quantify soluble proteins, approximately 0.5 grams of lyophilized and crushed coral samples were used. Following the procedure described by McLachlan et al., the samples were placed in 15 mL tubes, and 1 mL of a diluted 1x solution of radioimmunoprecipitation (RIPA, Sigma-Aldrich) was added. The samples underwent three freeze-thaw cycles to lyse the cells and solubilize the proteins. After centrifugation for 20 minutes at 4122g at 4°C, 1 mL of the supernatant containing the solubilized protein was transferred to a 2 mL tube. A modified Bradford assay, using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a standard, was then employed to quantify the soluble protein levels. All samples were analyzed in triplicate using a microplate reader (EPOCH 2, Agilent), measuring absorbance at 465 nm and 595 nm. The values for soluble proteins were converted to Joules per unit of ash-free dry weight (AFDW) per gram.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; For the quantification of carbohydrates, around 0.3 grams of lyophilized and crushed coral samples were placed in a 2 mL tube with 1 mL of Milli-Q water. The samples were sonicated at 35% intensity for 2 minutes using a Fisher Scientific model CL-18 sonicator. After centrifugation for 10 minutes at 1000g, 1 mL of the supernatant containing total carbohydrates was collected. A modified DuBois method, described in Masuko et al., was employed to quantify carbohydrates, with glucose used to create a standard curve. All samples were run in triplicate on a microplate reader (EPOCH 2, Agilent), measuring absorbance at 485 nm and 750 nm for the determination of total carbohydrates. The carbohydrate values were then converted to Joules per unit of ash-free dry weight (AFDW) per gram.&lt;/p&gt; Specified by the Principal Investigator(s) &lt;p&gt;Protein, lipid, and carbohydrate data were converted to Joules per unit of ash-free dry weight per gram following Gnaiger &amp;amp; Bitterlich 1984.&lt;/p&gt; Specified by the Principal Investigator(s) - Imported data from source file &quot;Keister et al. 2023 Tissue data.csv&quot; into BCO-DMO system - Added columns for latitude and longitude based on reef site locations - Added column for surface area based on PI-provided information - Modified parameter (column) names to conform with BCO-DMO naming conventions - Checked taxonomic names in the dataset with the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) taxa match tool. Corrected spelling of one so all species names matched accepted taxon names exactly as of 2023-09-06 Specified by BCO-DMO Data Managers asNeeded 7.x-1.1 Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact Capture Mini 3D scanner Capture Mini 3D scanner PI Supplied Instrument Name: Capture Mini 3D scanner PI Supplied Instrument Description:To determine the surface area of each fragment, 3D scanning was performed using a Capture Mini 3D scanner along with Geomagic® Controlx64™ software from 3DSystems.  Instrument Name: 3D scanner Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: A 3D scan captures digital information about the shape of an object with equipment that uses a laser or light to measure the distance between the scanner and the object. IEC clinical centrifuge IEC clinical centrifuge PI Supplied Instrument Name: IEC clinical centrifuge PI Supplied Instrument Description:After centrifugation for 10 minutes at 1000g, 1 mL of the supernatant containing total carbohydrates was collected. Instrument Name: Centrifuge Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: A machine with a rapidly rotating container that applies centrifugal force to its contents, typically to separate fluids of different densities (e.g., cream from milk) or liquids from solids. Iatroscan MK 6S thin-layer flame ionization detector (TLC-FID) Iatroscan MK 6S thin-layer flame ionization detector (TLC-FID) PI Supplied Instrument Name: Iatroscan MK 6S thin-layer flame ionization detector (TLC-FID) PI Supplied Instrument Description:Lipid extracts on Silica Chromarods® were dried at 100°C for 10 minutes before being analyzed using an Iatroscan MK 6S thin-layer flame ionization detector (TLC-FID) for identification and quantification of lipid classes. Instrument Name: Flame Ionization Detector Instrument Short Name:FID Instrument Description: A flame ionization detector (FID) is a scientific instrument that measures the concentration of organic species in a gas stream. It is frequently used as a detector in gas chromatography. Standalone FIDs can also be used in applications such as landfill gas monitoring, fugitive emissions monitoring and internal combustion engine emissions measurement in stationary or portable instruments. SPEX Sample Prep ball mill SPEX Sample Prep ball mill PI Supplied Instrument Name: SPEX Sample Prep ball mill PI Supplied Instrument Description:The lyophilized coral fragments were individually pulverized into a fine, homogenized powder using a SPEX Sample Prep ball mill. Instrument Name: Homogenizer Instrument Short Name:Homogenizer Instrument Description: A homogenizer is a piece of laboratory equipment used for the homogenization of various types of material, such as tissue, plant, food, soil, and many others. Labconco Freeze Dry System Labconco Freeze Dry System PI Supplied Instrument Name: Labconco Freeze Dry System PI Supplied Instrument Description:The coral fragments were lyophilized for 36 hours using a Labconco Freeze Dry System and weighed to determine their total dry mass. Instrument Name: Lyophilizer Instrument Short Name:freeze dryer Instrument Description: A lyophilizer, also known as freeze dryer or liofilizador, is a device that is used to freeze-dry material. Torque Master Tile Saw (QEP) with a diamond blade Torque Master Tile Saw (QEP) with a diamond blade PI Supplied Instrument Name: Torque Master Tile Saw (QEP) with a diamond blade PI Supplied Instrument Description:While still frozen, the coral fragments were cut into approximately 4 cm^2 pieces using a Torque Master Tile Saw (QEP) equipped with a diamond blade. Instrument Name: Manual Biota Sampler Instrument Short Name:Manual Biota Sampler Instrument Description: "Manual Biota Sampler" indicates that a sample was collected in situ by a person, possibly using a hand-held collection device such as a jar, a net, or their hands. This term could also refer to a simple tool like a hammer, saw, or other hand-held tool. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/90/ microplate reader (EPOCH 2, Agilent) microplate reader (EPOCH 2, Agilent) PI Supplied Instrument Name: microplate reader (EPOCH 2, Agilent) PI Supplied Instrument Description: All samples were analyzed in triplicate using a microplate reader (EPOCH 2, Agilent), measuring absorbance at 465 nm and 595 nm. Instrument Name: plate reader Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: Plate readers (also known as microplate readers) are laboratory instruments designed to detect biological, chemical or physical events of samples in microtiter plates. They are widely used in research, drug discovery, bioassay validation, quality control and manufacturing processes in the pharmaceutical and biotechnological industry and academic organizations. Sample reactions can be assayed in 6-1536 well format microtiter plates. The most common microplate format used in academic research laboratories or clinical diagnostic laboratories is 96-well (8 by 12 matrix) with a typical reaction volume between 100 and 200 uL per well. Higher density microplates (384- or 1536-well microplates) are typically used for screening applications, when throughput (number of samples per day processed) and assay cost per sample become critical parameters, with a typical assay volume between 5 and 50 µL per well. Common detection modes for microplate assays are absorbance, fluorescence intensity, luminescence, time-resolved fluorescence, and fluorescence polarization. From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_reader, 2014-09-0-23. Sonicator model CL-18, Fisher Scientific Sonicator model CL-18, Fisher Scientific PI Supplied Instrument Name: Sonicator model CL-18, Fisher Scientific PI Supplied Instrument Description:The samples were sonicated at 35% intensity for 2 minutes using a Fisher Scientific model CL-18 sonicator.  Instrument Name: ultrasonic cell disrupter (sonicator) Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: Instrument that applies sound energy to agitate particles in a sample.