1b:I[42426,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1xctgzqre-wsy.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_-wz6pdtp2b.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/30e52g49hg40p.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/02yq6tul2z-oh.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/10bx_ec2vj7n_.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/33bfn03fo8xnt.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/0tfjf78scu61b.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/31xnvej4n1bi9.js"],"default"] 1c:T12ce,NSF Award Abstract: Decreasing marine dissolved oxygen (DO) is a widespread and growing global problem. Among the chief causes for coastal losses of DO are anthropogenic nutrient inputs that lead to seasonal hypoxia- DO concentrations below 2 mg/L. Microorganisms are the primary agents of oxygen removal, and although we have a basic mechanistic understanding of how nutrient enrichment combines with stratification to stimulate microbial metabolism and oxygen drawdown, we still do not know which microorganisms are ultimately responsible for oxygen consumption leading to, and during, coastal hypoxia in any particular region. Nor do we know the extent to which each hypoxic system arises from universal microbial mechanisms or whether there may be unique microorganisms and metabolic pathways involved in each locale. Hypoxic regions are increasing in number and size around the globe, amplifying the need to better understand the microbial processes responsible for oxygen consumption. In response, the project pursues an integrated research and education effort to study the microbial mechanisms of oxygen respiration in two coastal zones where DO depletion occurs: the northern Gulf of Mexico ?dead zone?, and the Southern California Bight. This work identifies the microorganism actively consuming oxygen in these systems, what fuels them, and whether/how those taxa respond to environmental changes. The investigators are generating microbial DO consumption rate, genetic, and taxonomic data critical to better constraining respiration models focused on water column DO depletion. In doing so, hundreds of undergraduate and students and dozens of high school STEM teachers contribute valuable data by participating in modern marine microbiological research. The project also improves integration of authentic research experiences into college and high-school classrooms in the context of a problem of global relevance. Regions of low DO take multiple forms, from vast open ocean oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) which hover in the upper water column, to shallower coastal zones of bottom water hypoxia fueled by close proximity to fluvial inputs of human supplied nutrients. Microbial respiration is primarily responsible for the ultimate consumption of DO, and therefore understanding the microorganisms that inhabit these systems and their metabolic capabilities is critical for improving our ability to predict the timing, extent, and severity of DO depletion, and how these factors relate to environmental change. While there has been substantial research into the microbiology of OMZs, we know comparatively little about the microbial dynamics, and in particular, the microorganisms responsible for oxygen consumption, in coastal hypoxia. This integrated research and education effort is framed by the following objectives: 1. Determine the microorganisms and metabolic processes responsible for actively respiring water column DO prior to, and during, hypoxia. 2. Quantify microbial respiration rates for communities and representative water column species in both the planktonic and particle-associated fractions. 3. Integrate authentic microbiology research on a globally relevant topic into undergraduate and high school classrooms. The work uses a combination of advanced cultivation-independent and pure culture measurements to discriminate between oxygen consumption by planktonic and particle-associated microbial fractions, as well as by communities at the surface and those in bottom waters, in two different systems of coastal DO depletion (the northern Gulf of Mexico hypoxic zone and the Southern California coastal shelf). Direct assessment of actively respiring taxa are connected with their metabolic potential, gene expression, and respiration rates. This project is determining, for the first time, the taxa actively consuming oxygen in these systems. The results also provide size fractionated respiration rates and bacterial growth efficiency (BGE) with depth across multiple sites and seasons, and importantly, also yield cell-specific respiration rates and BGE for active taxa within these systems. This data will constrain variable respiration across differing environmental conditions. The investigators are experimentally testing how alterations in environmental variables affect these respiration rates and BGEs, leading to greater predictive insight for the range of effects climate forcing will have on DO consumption. This information also facilitates comparisons between multiple marine systems to identify whether common or distinct organisms and metabolic processes are operating to remove DO. This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.6:["$","$L1b",null,{"dataset":{"_id":"907873","description":"","problem":"","acquisition":"

Sampling was conducted on R/V Pelican cruise PE23-20 in the Northern Gulf of Mexico in May 2023. All CTD casts were conducted according to standard ship operator procedure. Refer to the Cruise Plan (Supplemental File) for more information.

The data were collected using a SeaBird 911 plus system with twelve 12-liter Niskin bottles. The instruments included in the 911 plus suite are dual Temperature (SBE 3), dual Conductivity (SBE 4), and dual Oxygen (SBE 43) sensors. Additionally, the suite included an SBE 27 pH/Oxidation, Wetlabs ECO Fluorometer, and a Wetlabs CDOM sensor. Serial numbers and calibration information are stored in the Header Information included in the original .cnv files (see Supplemental Files for an example header file).

\n","processing":"

The data were processed using Seabird's SBEDataProccessing_Win32 software. The data were converted from hexadecimal to engineering units first. Using the software's Bin Averaging tool, the data were also averaged in bins of 1.0 meters. The attached Supplemental File contains the complete Seabird header from one cast (C6C_1).

\n","bcodmoProcessing":"- Imported the original .cnv files (20 total; one per cast) into the BCO-DMO system.\r\n- Captured the starting latitude, starting longitude, and starting date/time from the Seabird headers as columns.\r\n- Concatenated the separate files into one dataset.\r\n- Converted starting latitude and longitude to decimal degrees (rounded to 5 decimal places).\r\n- Converted starting date/time to ISO8601 format.\r\n- Created the Cast column based on the original file name.\r\n- Renamed fields to comply with BCO-DMO parameter naming conventions.\r\n- Saved the final file as \"907873_v1_PE23-20_Binned_CTD.csv\".","title":"Processed CTD data (binned) from 20 casts conducted on R/V Pelican cruise PE23-20 in the Northern Gulf of Mexico in May 2023","nickname":"PE23-20 Binned CTD","dataUrl":"","currentState":"Final no updates expected","currentStateId":"7","validated":true,"restricted":false,"version":"1","version_date":"2023-09-11T04:00:00.000Z","abstract":"This dataset includes the processed CTD data from 20 casts conducted on R/V Pelican cruise PE23-20 in the Northern Gulf of Mexico in May 2023. Data were averaged into 1-meter depth bins.","citation":"Thrash, J. C. (2023) Processed CTD data (binned) from 20 casts conducted on R/V Pelican cruise PE23-20 in the Northern Gulf of Mexico in May 2023. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2023-09-11 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.907873.1 [access date]","citationParts":{"identifier":"doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.907873.1","versionDate":"2023-09-11","versionId":"1","year":"2023","title":"Processed CTD data (binned) from 20 casts conducted on R/V Pelican cruise PE23-20 in the Northern Gulf of Mexico in May 2023","authors":"Thrash, J. C.","publisher":"Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)."},"doi":"10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.907873.1","release_date":null,"field_dataset_location":"","temporal_extent":{"start":"2023-05-02T04:00:00.000Z","end":"2023-05-06T04:00:00.000Z"},"temporal":{"resolution":"time:unitDay","type":"time:Interval","start":{"value":"1683000000","label":"2023-05-02"},"end":{"value":"1683345600","label":"2023-05-06"}},"spatial_extent":{"shape":"polygon","center":{"latitude":28.738500000001,"longitude":-91.052800000005},"wkt":"POLYGON ((-91.6194 28.6072, -90.4862 28.6072, -90.4862 28.8698, -91.6194 28.8698, -91.6194 28.6072))","north":28.8698,"east":-90.4862,"south":28.6072,"west":-91.6194},"dataset_type":["Cruise Results"],"keywords":["oceans"],"data_files":[{"id":"908826","title":"907873_v1_PE23-20_Binned_CTD.csv","url":"https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/dataset/907873/file/g76MAkvhw0Zx0z/907873_v1_PE23-20_Binned_CTD.csv","showTableUrl":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/907873/data/view/908826","description":"Primary data file for dataset ID 907873, version 1.","filename":"907873_v1_PE23-20_Binned_CTD.csv","bytesize":77255,"checksum":{"value":"2fcd7961b6db18317645db998994d0bb","Algorithm":{"_id":"190","name":"MD5"}},"mimetype":"text/csv","fileType":{"_id":"192","name":"Comma Separated Values (.csv)"},"isErddap":"bcodmo_dataset_907873_v1","date":"","isPublicDuringEmbargo":false,"primaryDataFile":true,"showTable":true,"restricted":false}],"supplemental_files":[{"id":"908823","title":"Cruise_Plan_May2023_f.pdf","url":"https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/dataset/907873/file/N7pWV8Nf4VBJl/Cruise_Plan_May2023_f.pdf","showTableUrl":"","description":"PE23-20 Cruise Plan","filename":"Cruise_Plan_May2023_f.pdf","bytesize":2230300,"checksum":{"value":"934bced1024c455cb2323d66e1544d34","Algorithm":{"_id":"190","name":"MD5"}},"mimetype":"application/pdf","fileType":{"_id":"336","name":"Portable Document Format (.pdf)"},"isErddap":"","date":"","isPublicDuringEmbargo":false,"primaryDataFile":false,"showTable":false,"restricted":false},{"id":"908827","title":"PE23-20_binned_CTD_header_file.txt","url":"https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/dataset/907873/file/m7GNKEBhW3gQ0Y/PE23-20_binned_CTD_header_file.txt","showTableUrl":"","description":"Supplemental file for dataset ID 907873, version 1. \n\nExample of a CTD header file extracted from the original .cnv file named \"CTD_C6C_1_converted_bin_meter.cnv\"","filename":"PE23-20_binned_CTD_header_file.txt","bytesize":12907,"checksum":{"value":"73b3d3e65a20f76d3f5bbf527e65fb1a","Algorithm":{"_id":"190","name":"MD5"}},"mimetype":"text/plain","fileType":{"_id":"567","name":"Plain Text"},"isErddap":"","date":"","isPublicDuringEmbargo":false,"primaryDataFile":false,"showTable":false,"restricted":false}],"roles":[{"role":{"_id":"138","name":"Principal Investigator"},"performedBy":{"_id":"707009","name":"J. Cameron Thrash"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"306","name":"University of Southern California"}},{"role":{"_id":"145","name":"BCO-DMO Data Manager"},"performedBy":{"_id":"51498","name":"Shannon Rauch"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"191","name":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution"}}],"deployments":[{"_id":"907821","name":"PE23-20","synonyms":["Microbial DO respir","Coastal O2 Respir"],"dates":{"start":"2023-05-01T00:00:00.000Z","end":"2023-05-07T00:00:00.000Z"},"platform":{"_id":"54114","name":"R/V Pelican"},"chiefScientists":[{"id":"707009","name":"J. Cameron Thrash","role":"Chief Scientist"}]}],"funding":[{"_id":"783870","name":"OCE-1945279","fundingSource":{"_id":"355","name":"NSF Division of Ocean Sciences"},"url":"https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1945279"}],"instruments":[{"_id":"908017","name":"SeaBird 911 plus system","description":"SeaBird 911 plus system with twelve 12-liter Niskin bottles","type_id":"591","type_name":"CTD Sea-Bird SBE 911plus","type_desc":"The Sea-Bird SBE 911 plus is a type of CTD instrument package for continuous measurement of conductivity, temperature and pressure. The SBE 911 plus includes the SBE 9plus Underwater Unit and the SBE 11plus Deck Unit (for real-time readout using conductive wire) for deployment from a vessel. The combination of the SBE 9 plus and SBE 11 plus is called a SBE 911 plus. The SBE 9 plus uses Sea-Bird's standard modular temperature and conductivity sensors (SBE 3 plus and SBE 4). The SBE 9 plus CTD can be configured with up to eight auxiliary sensors to measure other parameters including dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, fluorescence, light (PAR), light transmission, etc.). more information from Sea-Bird Electronics","type_acronym":"CTD SBE 911plus"},{"_id":"908018","name":"Wetlabs ECO Fluorometer","description":"","type_id":"484","type_name":"Fluorometer","type_desc":"A fluorometer or fluorimeter is a device used to measure parameters of fluorescence: its intensity and wavelength distribution of emission spectrum after excitation by a certain spectrum of light. The instrument is designed to measure the amount of stimulated electromagnetic radiation produced by pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted into a water sample or in situ.","type_acronym":"Fluorometer"},{"_id":"908019","name":"Wetlabs CDOM","description":"","type_id":"484","type_name":"Fluorometer","type_desc":"A fluorometer or fluorimeter is a device used to measure parameters of fluorescence: its intensity and wavelength distribution of emission spectrum after excitation by a certain spectrum of light. The instrument is designed to measure the amount of stimulated electromagnetic radiation produced by pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted into a water sample or in situ.","type_acronym":"Fluorometer"},{"_id":"908020","name":"12-liter Niskin bottles","description":"","type_id":"413","type_name":"Niskin bottle","type_desc":"A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24, or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc.","type_acronym":"Niskin bottle"},{"_id":"908021","name":"SBE 27 pH/Oxidation","description":"","type_id":"863352","type_name":"Sea-Bird SBE 27 pH/O.R.P. sensor","type_desc":"The SBE 27 pH and O.R.P. (Redox) sensor combines a pressure-balanced, glass-electrode, Ag/AgCl reference probe and platinum O.R.P. electrode to provide in-situ measurements at depths to 1200 m. The replaceable pH probe is permanently sealed and is supplied with a soaker bottle attachment that prevents the reference electrode from drying out during storage. The SBE 27 is intended for use as an add-on auxiliary sensor for profiling CTDs (SBE 9plus; SBE 19, 19plus, and 19plus V2 SeaCAT; and SBE 25 and 25plus Sealogger).","type_acronym":"SBE 27 pH/Oxidation sensor"},{"_id":"908022","name":"dual Oxygen (SBE 43) sensors","description":"","type_id":"552","type_name":"Sea-Bird SBE 43 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor","type_desc":"The Sea-Bird SBE 43 dissolved oxygen sensor is a redesign of the Clark polarographic membrane type of dissolved oxygen sensors. More information from the manufacturer: https://www.seabird.com/products/sbe-43-dissolved-oxygen-sensor","type_acronym":"SBE-43 DO"},{"_id":"908023","name":"dual Temperature (SBE 3) sensors","description":"","type_id":"473","type_name":"Sea-Bird SBE-3 Temperature Sensor","type_desc":"The SBE-3 is a slow response, frequency output temperature sensor manufactured by Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc. (Bellevue, Washington, USA). It has an initial accuracy of +/- 0.001 degrees Celsius with a stability of +/- 0.002 degrees Celsius per year and measures seawater temperature in the range of -5.0 to +35 degrees Celsius. More information from Sea-Bird Electronics: https://www.seabird.com/products/sbe-3-oceanographic-temperature-sensor","type_acronym":"SBE-3 Temperature"},{"_id":"908024","name":"dual Conductivity (SBE 4) sensors","description":"","type_id":"474","type_name":"Sea-Bird SBE-4 Conductivity Sensor","type_desc":"The Sea-Bird SBE-4 conductivity sensor is a modular, self-contained instrument that measures conductivity from 0 to 7 Siemens/meter. The sensors (Version 2; S/N 2000 and higher) have electrically isolated power circuits and optically coupled outputs to eliminate any possibility of noise and corrosion caused by ground loops. The sensing element is a cylindrical, flow-through, borosilicate glass cell with three internal platinum electrodes. Because the outer electrodes are connected together, electric fields are confined inside the cell, making the measured resistance (and instrument calibration) independent of calibration bath size or proximity to protective cages or other objects.","type_acronym":"SBE-4 Conductivity"}],"parameters":[{"_id":"907967","name":"Cast","format":"","frictionlessType":"string","description":"

Cast identifier

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"761","name":"cast","description":"

cast or profile number

"}},{"_id":"907968","name":"Lat_Start","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Latitude at start of cast

","units":{"_id":"","name":"degrees North"},"type":{"_id":"730","name":"latitude","description":"

latitude, in decimal degrees, North is positive, negative denotes South; Reported in some datasets as degrees, minutes

"}},{"_id":"907969","name":"Lon_Start","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Longitude at start of cast (negative values = West)

","units":{"_id":"","name":"degrees East"},"type":{"_id":"731","name":"longitude","description":"

longitude, in decimal degrees, East is positive, negative denotes West; Reported in some datasets as degrees, minutes

"}},{"_id":"907970","name":"ISO_DateTime_Start_UTC","format":"%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ","frictionlessType":"datetime","description":"

Date and time (UTC) at start of cast

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1908","name":"ISO_DateTime_UTC","description":"

Date/Time (UTC) ISO formatted
\nThis standard is based on ISO 8601:2004(E) and takes on any of the following forms:
\n2009-08-30T09:05:00[.xx] (local time)
\n2009-08-30T14:05:00[.xx]Z (UTC time)
\n2009-08-30T14:05:00[.xx]-05:00
\nThe dashes and the colons can be dropped.
\nThe T can also be dropped \"by mutual agreement\", but one needs the trailing Z if the time is UTC.

Sample ISO_datetime_utc:
\n2009-08-30T14:05:00[.xx]Z (UTC time)

Format: YYYY-mm-ddTHH:MM:SS[.xx]Z (UTC time)

"}},{"_id":"907971","name":"altM","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Altimeter

","units":{"_id":"","name":"meters (m)"},"type":{"_id":"1839","name":"altitude","description":"

Altitude of sampler above the bottom

"}},{"_id":"907972","name":"avgsvCM","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Average Sound Velocity (Chen-Millero)

","units":{"_id":"","name":"meters per second (m/s)"},"type":{"_id":"975","name":"sound_vel","description":"

sound velocity in sea water, in meters/second

"}},{"_id":"907973","name":"nbf","format":"","frictionlessType":"integer","description":"

Number of bottles fired

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"903","name":"number","description":"

number of organisms counted/observed, a generic term, specific to the data set in which it appears

"}},{"_id":"907974","name":"c0S_m","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Conductivity

","units":{"_id":"","name":"Siemens per meter (S/m)"},"type":{"_id":"779","name":"conductivity","description":"

Conductivity. Units and collection methods may vary. Often reported in Siemens/meter.

When used in a JGOFS/GLOBEC project this is the conductivity in Siemens/meter for the primary conductivity sensor on a CTD.

"}},{"_id":"907975","name":"c1S_m","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Conductivity, 2

","units":{"_id":"","name":"Siemens per meter (S/m)"},"type":{"_id":"779","name":"conductivity","description":"

Conductivity. Units and collection methods may vary. Often reported in Siemens/meter.

When used in a JGOFS/GLOBEC project this is the conductivity in Siemens/meter for the primary conductivity sensor on a CTD.

"}},{"_id":"907976","name":"depSM","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Depth (salt water)

","units":{"_id":"","name":"meters (m)"},"type":{"_id":"808","name":"depth","description":"

Observation/sample depth below the sea surface. Units often reported as: meters, feet.

\nWhen used in a JGOFS/GLOBEC dataset the depth is a best estimate; usually but not always calculated from pressure; calculated either from CTD pressure using Fofonoff and Millard (1982; UNESCO Tech Paper #44) algorithm adjusted for 1980 equation of state for seawater (EOS80) or simply equivalent to nominal depth as recorded during sampling if CTD pressure was unavailable.

"}},{"_id":"907977","name":"dz_dtM","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Descent rate

","units":{"_id":"","name":"meters per second (m/s)"},"type":{"_id":"1893","name":"descent_rate","description":"

Descent rate of an instrument package

"}},{"_id":"907978","name":"flECO_AFL","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Fluorescence, WET Labs ECO-AFL/FL

","units":{"_id":"","name":"milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m^3)"},"type":{"_id":"835","name":"fluorescence","description":"

Fluorescence. Indirect measure of pigment concentration.

Units and collection method may vary. Units often reported in milligrams/meter^3 (mg/m3) or micromoles per liter (ug/L). Sometimes reported after being calibrated against extracted pigment concentrations.

In JGOFS/GLOBEC projects fluorescence is measured from CTD instrument sensor.

"}},{"_id":"907979","name":"wetCDOM","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Fluorescence, WET Labs CDOM

","units":{"_id":"","name":"milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m^3)"},"type":{"_id":"835","name":"fluorescence","description":"

Fluorescence. Indirect measure of pigment concentration.

In JGOFS/GLOBEC projects fluorescence is measured from CTD instrument sensor.

"}},{"_id":"907980","name":"latitude","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Latitude

","units":{"_id":"","name":"degrees North"},"type":{"_id":"730","name":"latitude","description":"

latitude, in decimal degrees, North is positive, negative denotes South; Reported in some datasets as degrees, minutes

"}},{"_id":"907981","name":"longitude","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Longitude (negative values = West)

","units":{"_id":"","name":"degrees East"},"type":{"_id":"731","name":"longitude","description":"

longitude, in decimal degrees, East is positive, negative denotes West; Reported in some datasets as degrees, minutes

"}},{"_id":"907982","name":"sbeox0Mg_L","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Oxygen, SBE 43

","units":{"_id":"","name":"milligrams per liter (mg/L)"},"type":{"_id":"910","name":"dissolved Oxygen","description":"

dissolved oxygen concentration

"}},{"_id":"907983","name":"sbeox1Mg_L","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Oxygen, SBE 43, 2

","units":{"_id":"","name":"milligrams per liter (mg/L)"},"type":{"_id":"910","name":"dissolved Oxygen","description":"

dissolved oxygen concentration

"}},{"_id":"907984","name":"ptempC","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Pressure temperature

","units":{"_id":"","name":"degrees Celsius"},"type":{"_id":"733","name":"temperature","description":"

water temperature at measurement depth

"}},{"_id":"907985","name":"prDM","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Pressure, Digiquartz

","units":{"_id":"","name":"decibars (db)"},"type":{"_id":"732","name":"pressure","description":"

water pressure at measurement; depth reported as pressure; positive number increasing with water depth

"}},{"_id":"907986","name":"sal00","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Salinity, Practical

","units":{"_id":"","name":"PSU"},"type":{"_id":"955","name":"sal","description":"

Salinity: The amount (mass or quantity of matter) of salt per amount (volume or mass) of a body of water.

"}},{"_id":"907987","name":"ph","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless (pH scale)"},"type":{"_id":"1892","name":"pH","description":"

pH: The measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution

"}},{"_id":"907988","name":"svCM","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Sound Velocity (Chen-Millero)

","units":{"_id":"","name":"meters per second (m/s)"},"type":{"_id":"975","name":"sound_vel","description":"

sound velocity in sea water, in meters/second

"}},{"_id":"907989","name":"spar","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

SPAR, Biospherical/Licor

","units":{"_id":"","name":"micromoles photons per square meter per second (umol photons/m^2/sec)"},"type":{"_id":"1680","name":"SPAR","description":"

Surficial Photosynthetically Available [Active] Radiation; surface irradiance; units vary microEinsteins/meter^2/second or microEinsteins/centimeter^2/second

"}},{"_id":"907990","name":"t090C","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Temperature (ITS-90)

","units":{"_id":"","name":"degrees Celsius"},"type":{"_id":"733","name":"temperature","description":"

water temperature at measurement depth

"}},{"_id":"907991","name":"t190C","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Temperature, 2 (ITS-90)

","units":{"_id":"","name":"degrees Celsius"},"type":{"_id":"733","name":"temperature","description":"

water temperature at measurement depth

"}},{"_id":"907992","name":"timeS","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Time elapsed

","units":{"_id":"","name":"seconds"},"type":{"_id":"1838","name":"time_elapsed","description":"

Elapsed time. Units can be seconds, minutes, etc.

"}},{"_id":"907993","name":"timeM","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Time elapsed

","units":{"_id":"","name":"minutes"},"type":{"_id":"1838","name":"time_elapsed","description":"

Elapsed time. Units can be seconds, minutes, etc.

"}},{"_id":"907994","name":"flag","format":"","frictionlessType":"string","description":"

Flag

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1730","name":"flag","description":"

Data flag. Multiple uses which are dataset dependent. Some uses: data quality, collection occurrence or success, depth indicator. See dataset documentation for specific details

"}}],"related_publications":[],"related_datasets":[{"_id":"908001","name":"PE23-20 Unbinned CTD","url":"","relation_type":"IsDerivedFrom","type_desc":"

The following pre-existing datasets were used to generate, or derive, the data on this page.

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