1b:I[42426,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1xctgzqre-wsy.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_-wz6pdtp2b.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/30e52g49hg40p.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/02yq6tul2z-oh.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/10bx_ec2vj7n_.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/33bfn03fo8xnt.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/0tfjf78scu61b.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/31xnvej4n1bi9.js"],"default"] 1c:T8e5,

At each station, conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) casts were made with a SeaBird 911Plus equipped with additional sensors measuring oxygen, beam transmission, fluorescence, and turbidity. Sensors were calibrated by the manufacturer before and after the cruise. The conductivity sensors were further calibrated using water sample salinity measurements. A rosette with twelve 10-liter Niskin bottles was deployed with the CTD to collect water samples. Noble gas samples were acquired from the Niskin bottles using gravity feed-through TYGON tubing to fill lengths of 5/8" copper refrigeration tubing (trapping ~45 grams water in replicate pairs), then each was crimp sealed using a hydraulic press.

The extracted gases are purified, separated, and measured mass spectrometrically using a third-generation, WHOI-constructed, statically operated, helium isotope mass spectrometer of branch tube design for fully simultaneous collection of 3He and 4He with improved ion optics. It employs a high-emission Nier-type ion source. The 4He branch has a Faraday Cup detector with a low-noise FET-input electrometer and precision high-frequency VFC for digital signal integration. The 3He branch uses a Galileo Channeltron operating in pulse counting mode, with high-speed preamplifier and discriminator electronics. The fully automated sample processing line is optimized for processing extracted water samples, and combines a three-stage cryogenics system (Stanley 2009) with a Pd-catalyst and dual SAES-707 getters for the removal of water vapor, the purification of reactive gases, and the quantitatively reproducible separation of the 5 noble gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe). Helium isotopes (3He, 4He) are measured using the magnetic sector dual-collecting mass spectrometer to a reproducibility of 0.1%, and the other noble gases using a quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) with a triple mass filter and an electron multiplier operated in pulse counting mode. The lighter noble gases (He, Ne, and Ar) are determined using peak-height manometry while the heavier noble gases (Kr and Xe) are measured using a newly developed, modified ratiometric multi-isotope dilution method. The system achieves reproducibility of gas standards of 0.1% for He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe.

1d:T424,This noble gas dataset was collected around Southern Greenland in August and September of 2016 aboard the R/V Neil Armstrong as part of the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Project (O-SNAP). Parameters include the concentrations of Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe), along with the co-located temperature, salinity, and pressure data from the CTD at the sample collection point. During the cruise, 391 noble gas water samples were collected, of which funding was available for 86 to be analyzed at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's Isotope Geochemistry Facility. Those processed samples are archived in this dataset. The 86 analyzed noble gas samples are concentrated along five sections across the shelfbreak on the east and west sides of Cape Farewell in southern Greenland. Noble gas samples were acquired from 10-liter Niskin bottles using gravity feed-through TYGON tubing to fill lengths of 5/8" copper refrigeration tubing (trapping ~45 grams water in replicate pairs), then each was hydraulically crimp sealed.1e:T1089,NSF Award Abstract: Rapid land-ice loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet is resulting in increased fresh water discharge into the ocean. One consequence is a rise in global sea level. Another consequence, that has attracted less attention, is the freshening of ocean waters at Greenland's coastal margins. Locally, this impacts sea-ice formation, air-sea exchange, the marine ecosystems and local communities. On larger scales, it can impact dense water formation and hence the global circulation. Beyond bulk estimates based on ice sheet-wide assessments, however, the limited knowledge of where, when and how fresh water enters the ocean makes it difficult to assess its present and future impact. One consequence of this uncertainty is the large discrepancy in the formulation of the fresh water forcing used in model studies to investigate the oceanic impact of Greenland melt. Greenland's fresh water discharge occurs at the head of fjords in the form of icebergs, submarine melt and discharge of surface melt at base of glaciers often hundreds of meters beneath sea level. This discharge drives a non-trivial transformation of the fjords' waters and forms a new water class, glacially modified waters. It is through the export of these glacially modified waters, much of it occurring below the surface, that Greenland's fresh water reaches the large-scale ocean circulation. Traditional measurements do not provide an unambiguous means of tracking glacially modified waters nor can they be used to quantify the relative fraction of surface and submarine melt. Yet knowing how Greenland's fresh water is exported, and differentiating pathways and rates for submarine or surface melt, which may vary at different rates, is key to the ability to assess present and future local and large-scale impacts. By providing the first measurements of how different melt components spread into Greenland's fjords and onto the continental shelves, this project will contribute to ensuring appropriate representation of the relevant dynamics in climate models, which do not resolve ice-ocean exchanges or fjord dynamics. The cross-disciplinary nature of this project will benefit the training of a post-doc. As part of this project, the scientists have interested a media science program (NOVA) in the largely neglected impact of Greenland's increasing fresh water discharge on the ocean. Pending obtaining separate funding, NOVA will be sending a professional producer in the field with the scientists and use material for this project to produce several media pieces on the problem of melting glaciers. In addition, the material from this research will used to raise public awareness on changes occurring in the oceans near Greenland. Land-ice loss at both poles is predicted to increase in a warming climate and will further increase the fresh water discharge into the oceans. Understanding the mechanisms that govern the fate of this fresh water is key to the ability to predict both its local and global impacts. This project utilizes the unique signature of noble gases, and other tracers (tritium, oxygen and helium isotopes), in each type of glacial meltwater to identify and track different kinds of Greenland fresh water in a major glacier-fjord system and on the continental shelves. The method builds on work in Antarctica and, more recently, on a pilot study conducted by the project's scientists in a small glacier-fjord system in West Greenland. The field observations will take advantage of two existing cruises, one to a large glacial fjord system in Southeast Greenland and the other to the continental shelves at the southern tip of Greenland, to collect geochemical tracer data in regions influenced by Greenland's meltwater. Synoptic and moored measurements, collected as part of these cruises, will provide context to the geochemical tracer analysis. The first goal of the project is to develop a method that can be used to track glacial melt water both in Greenland and Antarctica and at the margins of other ice caps and glaciers. A second objective is to provide an ocean-based assessment of the glacial melt water transport out of a major fjord, and along Greenland's continental shelves, at the peak of the melt season.6:["$","$L1b",null,{"dataset":{"_id":"913904","description":"","problem":"","acquisition":"$1c","processing":"","bcodmoProcessing":"- Imported original file \"osnap2016_noble_gases.csv\" into the BCO-DMO system.\r\n- Converted the date/time field to ISO8601 format.\r\n- Renamed fields to comply with BCO-DMO naming conventions.\r\n- Converted the \"bottle\" column to integer format.\r\n- Rounded He3_sat_anomaly column to 3 decimal places.\r\n- Saved the final file as \"913904_v1_osnap_noble_gases_2016.csv\".\r\n\r\n","title":"Noble gas concentrations from water samples collected in August and September 2016 during R/V Neil Armstrong cruise AR7-02 as part of the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Project (O-SNAP)","nickname":"OSNAP Noble Gases 2016","dataUrl":"","currentState":"Final no updates expected","currentStateId":"7","validated":true,"restricted":false,"version":"1","version_date":"2023-10-24T04:00:00.000Z","abstract":"$1d","citation":"Beaird, N., Jenkins, W. J., Straneo, F. (2023) Noble gas concentrations from water samples collected in August and September 2016 during R/V Neil Armstrong cruise AR7-02 as part of the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Project (O-SNAP). Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2023-10-24 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.913904.1 [access date]","citationParts":{"identifier":"doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.913904.1","versionDate":"2023-10-24","versionId":"1","year":"2023","title":"Noble gas concentrations from water samples collected in August and September 2016 during R/V Neil Armstrong cruise AR7-02 as part of the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Project (O-SNAP)","authors":"Beaird, N., Jenkins, W. J., Straneo, F.","publisher":"Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)."},"doi":"10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.913904.1","release_date":null,"field_dataset_location":"","temporal_extent":{"start":"2016-08-08T04:00:00.000Z","end":"2016-09-01T04:00:00.000Z"},"temporal":{"resolution":"time:unitDay","type":"time:Interval","start":{"value":"1470628800","label":"2016-08-08"},"end":{"value":"1472702400","label":"2016-09-01"}},"spatial_extent":{"shape":"polygon","center":{"latitude":60.3391,"longitude":-44.9677},"wkt":"POLYGON ((-48.5147 59.39, -41.4207 59.39, -41.4207 61.2882, -48.5147 61.2882, -48.5147 59.39))","north":61.2882,"east":-41.4207,"south":59.39,"west":-48.5147},"dataset_type":["Cruise Results"],"keywords":["oceans"],"data_files":[{"id":"914050","title":"913904_v1_osnap_noble_gases_2016.csv","url":"https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/dataset/913904/file/vmRlZGDhAX5MPD/913904_v1_osnap_noble_gases_2016.csv","showTableUrl":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/913904/data/view/914050","description":"Primary data file for dataset ID 913904, version 1.","filename":"913904_v1_osnap_noble_gases_2016.csv","bytesize":14677,"checksum":{"value":"f93056c67e8cc83f0942ffa014016e20","Algorithm":{"_id":"190","name":"MD5"}},"mimetype":"text/csv","fileType":{"_id":"192","name":"Comma Separated Values (.csv)"},"isErddap":"bcodmo_dataset_913904_v1","date":"","isPublicDuringEmbargo":false,"primaryDataFile":true,"showTable":true,"restricted":false}],"supplemental_files":[],"roles":[{"role":{"_id":"138","name":"Principal Investigator"},"performedBy":{"_id":"732812","name":"Nicholas Beaird"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"2","name":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution"}},{"role":{"_id":"140","name":"Co-Principal Investigator"},"performedBy":{"_id":"50745","name":"William J. Jenkins"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"2","name":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution"}},{"role":{"_id":"140","name":"Co-Principal Investigator"},"performedBy":{"_id":"732810","name":"Fiamma Straneo"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"2","name":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution"}},{"role":{"_id":"145","name":"BCO-DMO Data Manager"},"performedBy":{"_id":"51498","name":"Shannon Rauch"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"191","name":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution"}}],"deployments":[{"_id":"913911","name":"AR7-02","synonyms":["OSNAP 14"],"dates":{"start":"2016-08-03T00:00:00.000Z","end":"2016-09-08T00:00:00.000Z"},"platform":{"_id":"647921","name":"R/V Neil Armstrong"},"chiefScientists":[{"id":"523771","name":"Robert S. Pickart","role":"Chief Scientist"}]}],"funding":[{"_id":"732805","name":"OCE-1536856","fundingSource":{"_id":"355","name":"NSF Division of Ocean Sciences"},"url":"https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1536856"}],"instruments":[{"_id":"913917","name":"SeaBird 911Plus","description":"At each station, conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) casts were made with a SeaBird 911Plus equipped with additional sensors measuring oxygen, beam transmission, fluorescence, and turbidity. Sensors were calibrated by the manufacturer before and after the cruise. The conductivity sensors were further calibrated using water sample salinity measurements. A rosette with twelve 10-liter Niskin bottles was deployed with the CTD to collect water samples.","type_id":"591","type_name":"CTD Sea-Bird SBE 911plus","type_desc":"The Sea-Bird SBE 911 plus is a type of CTD instrument package for continuous measurement of conductivity, temperature and pressure. The SBE 911 plus includes the SBE 9plus Underwater Unit and the SBE 11plus Deck Unit (for real-time readout using conductive wire) for deployment from a vessel. The combination of the SBE 9 plus and SBE 11 plus is called a SBE 911 plus. The SBE 9 plus uses Sea-Bird's standard modular temperature and conductivity sensors (SBE 3 plus and SBE 4). The SBE 9 plus CTD can be configured with up to eight auxiliary sensors to measure other parameters including dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, fluorescence, light (PAR), light transmission, etc.). more information from Sea-Bird Electronics","type_acronym":"CTD SBE 911plus"},{"_id":"913920","name":"Faraday Cup detector","description":"","type_id":"652143","type_name":"Faraday cup","type_desc":"A Faraday cup is a metal (conductive) cup designed to catch charged particles in a vacuum. The resulting current can be measured and used to determine the number of ions or electrons hitting the cup.","type_acronym":"FC"},{"_id":"913919","name":"helium isotope mass spectrometer","description":"Description obtained from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) Isotope Geochemistry Facility website (https://www2.whoi.edu/site/igffacility/):\nOur helium isotope and tritium measurement mass spectrometer system (MS1) was first designed and built in 1975, and has evolved, grown, and been modernized over the years. It is fully automated and runs 24/7. Cryogenic traps are used to transfer and purify Helium (He) and Neon (Ne). The magnetic sector mass spectrometer analyzes the helium isotopes, while the QMS previews samples and measures He and Ne. The automanifold allows the \"mounting\" of up to 32 samples for measurement and unattended operation.","type_id":"685","type_name":"Mass Spectrometer","type_desc":"General term for instruments used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions; generally used to find the composition of a sample by generating a mass spectrum representing the masses of sample components.","type_acronym":"Mass Spec"},{"_id":"913918","name":"Niskin bottles","description":"A rosette with twelve 10-liter Niskin bottles was deployed with the CTD to collect water samples.","type_id":"413","type_name":"Niskin bottle","type_desc":"A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24, or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc.","type_acronym":"Niskin bottle"},{"_id":"913921","name":"quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS)","description":"","type_id":"842793","type_name":"Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer","type_desc":"A piece of apparatus that consists of an ion source, a mass-to-charge analyser, a detector and a vacuum system and is used to measure mass spectra. The detector is a quadrupole mass-to-charge analyser, which holds the ions in a stable orbit by an electric field generated by four parallel electrodes.\r\n\r\n ","type_acronym":"QMS"}],"parameters":[{"_id":"913969","name":"station","format":"","frictionlessType":"integer","description":"

station number

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"987","name":"station","description":"

Station identifier; a unique number or alphanumeric string designating a general geographic location at which one or more sampling activities may occur.

"}},{"_id":"913970","name":"lat","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

latitude of sample collection; positive values = North

","units":{"_id":"","name":"decimal degrees"},"type":{"_id":"730","name":"latitude","description":"

latitude, in decimal degrees, North is positive, negative denotes South; Reported in some datasets as degrees, minutes

"}},{"_id":"913971","name":"lon","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

longitude of sample collection; negative values = West

","units":{"_id":"","name":"decimal degrees"},"type":{"_id":"731","name":"longitude","description":"

longitude, in decimal degrees, East is positive, negative denotes West; Reported in some datasets as degrees, minutes

"}},{"_id":"913972","name":"ISO_DateTime_UTC","format":"%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ","frictionlessType":"datetime","description":"

date and time (UTC) of sample collection in ISO 8601 format

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1908","name":"ISO_DateTime_UTC","description":"

Date/Time (UTC) ISO formatted
\nThis standard is based on ISO 8601:2004(E) and takes on any of the following forms:
\n2009-08-30T09:05:00[.xx] (local time)
\n2009-08-30T14:05:00[.xx]Z (UTC time)
\n2009-08-30T14:05:00[.xx]-05:00
\nThe dashes and the colons can be dropped.
\nThe T can also be dropped \"by mutual agreement\", but one needs the trailing Z if the time is UTC.

Sample ISO_datetime_utc:
\n2009-08-30T14:05:00[.xx]Z (UTC time)

Format: YYYY-mm-ddTHH:MM:SS[.xx]Z (UTC time)

"}},{"_id":"913973","name":"bottle","format":"","frictionlessType":"integer","description":"

bottle number

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"757","name":"bottle","description":"

water bottle number, generally assigned to a position on a CTD rosette, identifies all samples drawn from a given bottle

"}},{"_id":"913974","name":"pressure","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

pressure

","units":{"_id":"","name":"decibars (dbar)"},"type":{"_id":"732","name":"pressure","description":"

water pressure at measurement; depth reported as pressure; positive number increasing with water depth

"}},{"_id":"913975","name":"temperature","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

temperature

","units":{"_id":"","name":"degrees Celsius"},"type":{"_id":"733","name":"temperature","description":"

water temperature at measurement depth

"}},{"_id":"913976","name":"salinity","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

salinity

","units":{"_id":"","name":"PSU"},"type":{"_id":"955","name":"sal","description":"

Salinity: The amount (mass or quantity of matter) of salt per amount (volume or mass) of a body of water.

"}},{"_id":"913977","name":"He3_sat_anomaly","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Helium-3 saturation anomoly

","units":{"_id":"","name":"percent (%)"},"type":{"_id":"1950","name":"diss_noble_gas_conc","description":"