http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/915772
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2023-11-29
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
SF6 and helium data from a tracer release experiment conducted June 2018 in the coastal Baltic Sea during FS Alkor cruise AL510
2024-01-10
publication
2024-01-10
revision
Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)
2024-01-22
publication
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.915772.1
David T. Ho
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
principalInvestigator
Peter Schlosser
Arizona State University
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Ho, D. T., Schlosser, P., Dobashi, R. (2024) SF6 and helium data from a tracer release experiment conducted June 2018 in the coastal Baltic Sea during FS Alkor cruise AL510. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2024-01-10 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.915772.1 [access date]
Baltic GasEx SF6 and He from tracer release experiment Dataset Description: Methods and Sampling: <p>A tracer release experiment was conducted in the coastal Baltic Sea during&nbsp;cruise AL510 aboard the research vessel FS Alkor.&nbsp;On June 4th, 2018, we injected 3He and SF6 into the surface ocean (~5 m depth). After the injection, near the center of the SF6 patch, depth profiles of temperature and salinity were measured using a conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) sonde&nbsp;and water samples were collected in Niskin bottles.</p>
<p>Discrete SF6 samples (and replicates) were drawn from the Niskin bottles using 550 ml glass bottles with ground-glass stoppers.&nbsp;For discrete&nbsp;3He samples, ~40 milliliters of seawater were collected in copper tubes mounted in aluminum channels and sealed at the ends with stainless steel clamps.</p>
<p>SF6 samples were taken at the same stations and measured on board the FS Alkor. Concentration of SF6 was measured using a purge-and-trap SF6 analysis system designed following Law et al. (1994). In this system, SF6 was separated from other gases and measured with a gas chromatography electron capture detector (GC-ECD).<br />
<br />
3He&nbsp;samples were measured at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) Noble Gas Laboratory.&nbsp; In the laboratory, 3He&nbsp;samples were extracted from the copper tubes using a vacuum extraction system (Ludin et al., 1998) and measured on a VG-5400 He isotope mass spectrometer. Precision is about 0.5 to 1% in δ3He&nbsp;for samples with high δ3He&nbsp;values (100% &lt; δ3He&nbsp;&lt; 1000%), and 0.2 to 0.5% for samples with lower δ3He&nbsp;values (-1.7% &lt; δ3He &lt; 100%).&nbsp;</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1756807 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1756807
completed
David T. Ho
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
808-956-3311
Department of Oceanography 1000 Pope Rd
Honolulu
HI
96822
USA
ho@hawaii.edu
pointOfContact
Peter Schlosser
Arizona State University
480-965-9801
300 E University Dr
Tempe
AZ
85281
USA
schlosser@asu.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
ISO_DateTime_UTC
Station
Latitude
Longitude
Depth
Temperature
Salinity
He3_excess
SF6_rep1
SF6_rep2
SF6_rep3
Hydro-Bios MWS-12 CTD sonde
GC-ECD (Shimazu GC-14A gas chromatography-electron capture detector)
VG-5400 noble gas mass spectrometer
Niskin bottle
theme
None, User defined
ISO_DateTime_UTC
station
latitude
longitude
depth
temperature of sample or a generic measurement (not in-situ water temp)
salinity from CTD
dissolved noble gas concentration
SF6
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
CTD - profiler
Gas Chromatograph
Mass Spectrometer
Niskin bottle
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
AL510
service
Deployment Activity
Baltic Sea
place
Locations
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
United States Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study
http://www.us-solas.org/
United States Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study
The Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) program is designed to enable researchers from different disciplines to interact and investigate the multitude of processes and interactions between the coupled ocean and atmosphere.
Oceanographers and atmospheric scientists are working together to improve understanding of the fate, transport, and feedbacks of climate relevant compounds, and also weather and hazards that are affected by processes at the surface ocean.
Oceanographers and atmospheric scientists are working together to improve understanding of the fate, transport, and feedbacks of climate relevant compounds.
Physical, chemical, and biological research near the ocean-atmosphere interface must be performed in synergy to extend our current knowledge to adequately understand and forecast changes on short and long time frames and over local and global spatial scales.
The findings obtained from SOLAS are used to improve knowledge at process scale that will lead to better quantification of fluxes of climate relevant compounds such as CO2, sulfur and nitrogen compounds, hydrocarbons and halocarbons, as well as dust, energy and momentum. This activity facilitates a fundamental understanding to assist the societal needs for climate change, environmental health, weather prediction, and national security.
The US SOLAS program is a component of the International SOLAS program where collaborations are forged with investigators around the world to examine SOLAS issues ubiquitous to the world's oceans and atmosphere.
» International SOLAS Web site
Science Implementation Strategy Reports
US-SOLAS (4 MB PDF file)
Other SOLAS reports are available for download from the US SOLAS Web site
U.S. SOLAS
largerWorkCitation
program
Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry
http://us-ocb.org/
Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry
The Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry (OCB) program focuses on the ocean's role as a component of the global Earth system, bringing together research in geochemistry, ocean physics, and ecology that inform on and advance our understanding of ocean biogeochemistry. The overall program goals are to promote, plan, and coordinate collaborative, multidisciplinary research opportunities within the U.S. research community and with international partners. Important OCB-related activities currently include: the Ocean Carbon and Climate Change (OCCC) and the North American Carbon Program (NACP); U.S. contributions to IMBER, SOLAS, CARBOOCEAN; and numerous U.S. single-investigator and medium-size research projects funded by U.S. federal agencies including NASA, NOAA, and NSF.
The scientific mission of OCB is to study the evolving role of the ocean in the global carbon cycle, in the face of environmental variability and change through studies of marine biogeochemical cycles and associated ecosystems.
The overarching OCB science themes include improved understanding and prediction of: 1) oceanic uptake and release of atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases and 2) environmental sensitivities of biogeochemical cycles, marine ecosystems, and interactions between the two.
The OCB Research Priorities (updated January 2012) include: ocean acidification; terrestrial/coastal carbon fluxes and exchanges; climate sensitivities of and change in ecosystem structure and associated impacts on biogeochemical cycles; mesopelagic ecological and biogeochemical interactions; benthic-pelagic feedbacks on biogeochemical cycles; ocean carbon uptake and storage; and expanding low-oxygen conditions in the coastal and open oceans.
OCB
largerWorkCitation
program
Collaborative Research: Influence of Surfactants on Air-Sea Gas Exchange: 3He/SF6 Experiments in the Baltic Sea
https://www.geomar.de/en/research/expeditionen/detail-view/exp/completed/346931/
Collaborative Research: Influence of Surfactants on Air-Sea Gas Exchange: 3He/SF6 Experiments in the Baltic Sea
<p>NSF Abstract:</p>
<p>Gas exchange, the movement of gases between the atmosphere and the surface ocean (in both directions), is an important process to understand in global biogeochemistry. A particular area of interest is the rate of exchange of gases such as carbon dioxide and dimethyl sulfide, which play important roles in Earth's climate. Understanding and modeling air-sea exchange on a global scale requires understanding of how gas exchange rates vary in response to a number of factors such as temperature, wind speed, and the presence of surface chemical films (known as surfactants) in the ocean. Over the past 25 years, major advances have been made in understanding air-sea gas exchange in the open ocean, mainly due to improvements in methodology and a number of successful process studies. However, some important questions remain, such as what happens near coastal areas (including inland seas), and how surfactants affect gas exchange. The Baltic Sea Gas Exchange Experiment (Baltic GasEx) is a collaboration between scientists from the US and Germany designed to address these questions. Participants in Baltic GasEx will measure the air-sea gas exchange rates with different techniques in the Baltic Sea before and after the spring bloom, when concentrations and compositions of surfactants will be different. The expeditions will be conducted on a German ship (Alkor), with the ultimate goal of quantifying the relationship between wind speed and gas exchange in an inland sea, and understanding the impact of surfactants on air-sea gas exchange. The project will involve significant international collaboration, public education and outreach through both participating U.S. institutions, and substantial student training in partnership with the international collaborators.</p>
<p>NSF funding will support helium-3 and sulfur hexafluoride measurements during Baltic GasEx to determine the gas exchange rate. German colleagues are independently funded to quantify surfactants with AC voltammetry, surface tension, and sum frequency generation; to determine chemical characteristics of the micro layer; and to estimate the gas exchange rate using eddy covariance flux measurements of CO2 and DMS. The proposed experiment is designed to address the question of whether open ocean wind speed/gas exchange parameterizations can be applied to inland seas like the Baltic. Also, the effect of surfactants on gas exchange has been studied extensively in the laboratory, but there is little direct field evidence for the effect of surfactants on gas exchange. The proposed experiment, with expeditions at times with both high and low surfactant concentrations, should shed new light on the effect of natural surfactants on gas exchange. Finally, some wind speed/gas exchange parameterizations proposed for the Baltic Sea appear to be higher than typical open ocean parameterizations. These are typically based on eddy covariance flux measurements of CO2. However, in open ocean experiments where both the helium-3/sulfur hexafluoride approach and eddy covariance of CO2 have been deployed, there seems to be a discrepancy between gas transfer velocities measured with the two techniques. This experiment should show whether a similar difference in gas transfer velocities measured via these two techniques also exists in the Baltic Sea.</p>
<p>This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.</p>
Baltic GasEx
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
Baltic Sea
10.0724
10.1787
54.5343
54.7075
2018-06-06
2018-06-12
Baltic Sea
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from SF6 and helium data from a tracer release experiment conducted June 2018 in the coastal Baltic Sea during FS Alkor cruise AL510
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/915824.rdf
Name: ISO_DateTime_UTC
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Date and Time in ISO8601 format in UTC</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/915825.rdf
Name: Station
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Station</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/915826.rdf
Name: Latitude
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Latitude of sampling station</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/915827.rdf
Name: Longitude
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Longitude of sampling station</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/915828.rdf
Name: Depth
Units: meters (m)
Description: <p>Depth</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/915829.rdf
Name: Temperature
Units: degrees Celsius (°C)
Description: <p>Temperature from CTD sonde</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/915830.rdf
Name: Salinity
Units: PSU
Description: <p>Salinity from CTD sonde</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/915831.rdf
Name: He3_excess
Units: cubic centimeters at standard temperature and pressure per gram times 10^-16 (ccSTP/g*10-16)
Description: <p>3He excess concentrations calculated from the measured 3He/4He ratio and the 4He concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/915832.rdf
Name: SF6_rep1
Units: picomoles per kilogram (pmol/kg)
Description: <p>Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/915833.rdf
Name: SF6_rep2
Units: picomoles per kilogram (pmol/kg)
Description: <p>Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/915834.rdf
Name: SF6_rep3
Units: picomoles per kilogram (pmol/kg)
Description: <p>Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) concentration</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
4504
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/77dc3d08-a63f-4ffd-a471-f9f97808a5f6/content
download
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.915772.1
download
onLine
dataset
<p>A tracer release experiment was conducted in the coastal Baltic Sea during&nbsp;cruise AL510 aboard the research vessel FS Alkor.&nbsp;On June 4th, 2018, we injected 3He and SF6 into the surface ocean (~5 m depth). After the injection, near the center of the SF6 patch, depth profiles of temperature and salinity were measured using a conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) sonde&nbsp;and water samples were collected in Niskin bottles.</p>
<p>Discrete SF6 samples (and replicates) were drawn from the Niskin bottles using 550 ml glass bottles with ground-glass stoppers.&nbsp;For discrete&nbsp;3He samples, ~40 milliliters of seawater were collected in copper tubes mounted in aluminum channels and sealed at the ends with stainless steel clamps.</p>
<p>SF6 samples were taken at the same stations and measured on board the FS Alkor. Concentration of SF6 was measured using a purge-and-trap SF6 analysis system designed following Law et al. (1994). In this system, SF6 was separated from other gases and measured with a gas chromatography electron capture detector (GC-ECD).<br />
<br />
3He&nbsp;samples were measured at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) Noble Gas Laboratory.&nbsp; In the laboratory, 3He&nbsp;samples were extracted from the copper tubes using a vacuum extraction system (Ludin et al., 1998) and measured on a VG-5400 He isotope mass spectrometer. Precision is about 0.5 to 1% in δ3He&nbsp;for samples with high δ3He&nbsp;values (100% &lt; δ3He&nbsp;&lt; 1000%), and 0.2 to 0.5% for samples with lower δ3He&nbsp;values (-1.7% &lt; δ3He &lt; 100%).&nbsp;</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p>We calculated 3He excess from the measured 3He/4He ratio and 4He concentration.<br />
3He excess is 3He in excess of solubility equilibrium calculated using the following equation:&nbsp;</p>
<p>[3He]exc = [4He]s (Rs − Ra) + [4He]eqRa(1 − a),&nbsp;</p>
<p>where:&nbsp;</p>
<ul>
<li>[3He]exc is 3He in excess of solubility equilibrium</li>
<li>[4He]s is the measured 4He concentration of the sample;</li>
<li>[4He]eq is the atmospheric equilibrium concentration of 4He (Weiss, 1971);</li>
<li>R<strong>s</strong> is the measured 3He/4He ratio (ratio&nbsp;of <strong>s</strong>ample);</li>
<li>R<strong>a</strong> is the 3He/4He&nbsp;ratio in the <strong>a</strong>tmosphere (1.386 × 10^<sup>-6</sup>&nbsp;(Clarke et al. 1976));</li>
<li>From<em>&nbsp;(1 - a</em>), a is the solubility isotope effect&nbsp; (0.983 (Benson and Krause, 1980)).</li>
</ul>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
* Imported data from source file "Baltic_Gas_Ex_1_20231113_with_SF6.txt" into the BCO-DMO data system.
* Modified parameter (column) names to conform with BCO-DMO naming conventions.
* Converted datetime to ISO8601 format yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ssZ
* Added column for station based on latitudes and longitudes
Specified by BCO-DMO Data Managers
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
Hydro-Bios MWS-12 CTD sonde
Hydro-Bios MWS-12 CTD sonde
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Hydro-Bios MWS-12 CTD sonde PI Supplied Instrument Description:CTD rosette was used for Niskin sampling Instrument Name: CTD - profiler Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: The Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (CTD) unit is an integrated instrument package designed to measure the conductivity, temperature, and pressure (depth) of the water column. The instrument is lowered via cable through the water column. It permits scientists to observe the physical properties in real-time via a conducting cable, which is typically connected to a CTD to a deck unit and computer on a ship. The CTD is often configured with additional optional sensors including fluorometers, transmissometers and/or radiometers. It is often combined with a Rosette of water sampling bottles (e.g. Niskin, GO-FLO) for collecting discrete water samples during the cast.
This term applies to profiling CTDs. For fixed CTDs, see https://www.bco-dmo.org/instrument/869934. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/130/
GC-ECD (Shimazu GC-14A gas chromatography-electron capture detector)
GC-ECD (Shimazu GC-14A gas chromatography-electron capture detector)
PI Supplied Instrument Name: GC-ECD (Shimazu GC-14A gas chromatography-electron capture detector) PI Supplied Instrument Description:Gases stripped from seawater were sent to a molecular sieve column, where SF6 was separated from other gases and then measured with a gas chromatography-electron capture detector (Shimazu GC-14A GC-ECD). Instrument Name: Gas Chromatograph Instrument Short Name:Gas Chromatograph Instrument Description: Instrument separating gases, volatile substances, or substances dissolved in a volatile solvent by transporting an inert gas through a column packed with a sorbent to a detector for assay. (from SeaDataNet, BODC) Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB02/
VG-5400 noble gas mass spectrometer
VG-5400 noble gas mass spectrometer
PI Supplied Instrument Name: VG-5400 noble gas mass spectrometer PI Supplied Instrument Description:In the laboratory, 3He samples were extracted from the copper tubes and measured on a VG-5400 He isotope mass spectrometer. Instrument Name: Mass Spectrometer Instrument Short Name:Mass Spec Instrument Description: General term for instruments used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions; generally used to find the composition of a sample by generating a mass spectrum representing the masses of sample components. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB16/
Niskin bottle
Niskin bottle
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Niskin bottle PI Supplied Instrument Description:Discrete SF6 samples were drawn from the Niskin bottles using 550 ml glass bottles with ground-glass stoppers. Instrument Name: Niskin bottle Instrument Short Name:Niskin bottle Instrument Description: A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24, or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0412/
Cruise: AL510
AL510
Community Standard Description
NERC Vocabulary Server
FS Alkor
vessel
AL510
Dennis Booge
GEOMAR Kiel
https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/46291/1/Cruise_report_AL510_final.pdf
Report describing AL510
Community Standard Description
NERC Vocabulary Server
FS Alkor
vessel