http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/924554
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2024-04-06
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Plankton size spectra compiled from projects CCE LTER, HOT, CRD FluZIE, BLOOFINZ-GoM, and SalpPOOP in the California Current Ecosystem, North Pacific subtropical gyre, Costa Rica Dome, Gulf of Mexico, and Southern Ocean subtropical front from 2004-2018
2024-10-17
publication
2024-10-17
revision
Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)
2024-10-21
publication
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.924554.1
Moira Decima
New Zealand National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research
principalInvestigator
Michael R. Landry
University of California-San Diego
principalInvestigator
Mark D. Ohman
University of California-San Diego
principalInvestigator
Karen E. Selph
University of Hawai'i
principalInvestigator
Michael R. Stukel
Florida State University
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Stukel, M., Decima, M., Landry, M. R., Ohman, M. D., Selph, K. E. (2024) Plankton size spectra compiled from projects CCE LTER, HOT, CRD FluZIE, BLOOFINZ-GoM, and SalpPOOP in the California Current Ecosystem, North Pacific subtropical gyre, Costa Rica Dome, Gulf of Mexico, and Southern Ocean subtropical front from 2004-2018. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2024-10-17 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.924554.1 [access date]
Plankton size spectra from 5 projects: CCE LTER, HOT, CRD FluZIE, BLOOFINZ-GoM, and SalpPOOP from 2004-2018 Dataset Description: <p>The published paper associated with this dataset&nbsp;is: Relationships Between Plankton Size Spectra, Net Primary Production, and the Biological Carbon Pump.</p>
<p>Stukel, M. R., Décima, M., Kelly, T. B., Landry, M. R., Nodder, S. D., Ohman, M. D., Selph, K. E., &amp; Yingling, N. (2024). Relationships Between Plankton Size Spectra, Net Primary Production, and the Biological Carbon Pump. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 38(4). Portico. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023gb007994</p> Methods and Sampling: <p><em>In situ</em>&nbsp;data were compiled from five field programs: CCE LTER, CRD FluZIE, BLOOFINZ-GoM, SalpPOOP, and HOT&nbsp;(Fig.1 illustrates&nbsp;their locations, Stukel et al, 2024). Datasets from the California Current Ecosystem Long-Term Ecological Research (CCE LTER) Program are derived from eight cruises spanning multiple seasons and years (2006-2016)&nbsp;in the southern sector of the California Current System.&nbsp; This region includes a productivity gradient stretching from a coastal upwelling biome to an oligotrophic offshore domain&nbsp;(Ohman et al. 2013).&nbsp; Results from the Costa Rica Dome (CRD) are derived from the CRD FLUxes and ZInc Experiments (FLUZIE) cruise in an open-ocean upwelling region of the Eastern Tropical Pacific in July 2010&nbsp;(Landry et al. 2016).&nbsp; The Gulf of Mexico (GoM)&nbsp;dataset was collected on two cruises of the Bluefin Larvae in Oligotrophic Ocean Foodwebs, Investigations of Nutrients to Zooplankton (BLOOFINZ-GoM) program in May 2017 and May 2018 that focused on the oligotrophic deepwater spawning grounds of Atlantic Bluefin Tuna&nbsp;(Gerard et al. 2022).&nbsp; The Salp Particle expOrt and Oceanic Production (SalpPOOP) Expedition investigated the Southern Ocean region near the Subtropical Front and sampled waters of frontal, subtropical and subantarctic origin&nbsp;(Décima et al. 2023).&nbsp; All of these programs utilized quasi-Lagrangian sampling schemes with Lagrangian experiments that lasted from ~2.25 to ~7.75 days in duration (typical duration = 4.25 days) allowing repeated sampling of plankton communities from bacteria to microzooplankton within distinct water parcels&nbsp;(Landry 2009).&nbsp; Samples from the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre were collected by the Hawaii Ocean Time-series program, which samples the time-series station ALOHA over ~3 days near Hawai’i with ~monthly frequency&nbsp;(Church et al. 2013; Karl and Church 2014).&nbsp; Brief descriptions of field methods are given below.&nbsp; Additional details are available in original publications as cited.&nbsp;</p>
<p><em>Microbes</em>&nbsp;– Samples for microbial biomass were collected by Niskin bottles at 6 – 8 depths spanning the euphotic zone.&nbsp; Picoplankton abundances (heterotrophic bacteria,&nbsp;<em>Prochlorococcus</em>,&nbsp;<em>Synechococcus</em>, and picoeukaryotes) were determined by flow cytometry and converted to biomass using carbon cell<sup>-1</sup>&nbsp;conversion factors for their respective regions as determined by the original investigators&nbsp;(Selph et al. 2016; Selph et al. 2021). While conversion factors did vary slightly between regions for some groups, they were generally quite similar.&nbsp; Nano- and microplankton biomasses were determined by epifluorescence microscopy with proflavin (protein) and DAPI (nucleic acid) staining&nbsp;(Taylor et al. 2012; Taylor et al. 2016).&nbsp; 50-mL samples were filtered through 0.8-µm filters to quantify ~2- to 12-µm cells (imaged at 60X or 63X magnification) and 450-mL samples were filtered through 8.0-µm filters to quantify &gt;12-µm cells (imaged at 20X magnification).&nbsp; Cells were manually outlined based on proflavin fluorescence and carbon biomass was determined from biovolume using equations in Menden-Deuer and Lessard&nbsp;(2000).&nbsp; We note that while this approach will accurately quantify most nano- and micro-sized protists (autotrophic, heterotrophic, and mixotrophic), some fragile taxa (e.g., some ciliates) may not survive preservation and hence could be undercounted.&nbsp;</p>
<p><em>Mesozooplankton</em>&nbsp;– Mesozooplankton were collected with either a ring net or a bongo net with 202-µm mesh, equipped with a General Oceanics flow meter and a depth sensor.&nbsp; Double oblique net tows (to a maximum depth between 100 and 210 m) were conducted twice daily (paired day and night tows) during Lagrangian experiments.&nbsp; Typically three day/night pairs of tows were conducted for each occupation of Station ALOHA in the subtropical North Pacific.&nbsp; After recovery, samples were split using a Folsom splitter and sequentially filtered through nested sieves (5 mm, 2 mm, 1 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.2 mm).&nbsp; Sieves were rinsed onto pre-weighed, 47-mm diameter, 0.2-mm mesh filters, rinsed with isotonic ammonium formate, and dried for storage&nbsp;(Décima et al. 2016; Landry and Swalethorp 2021).&nbsp; On land, samples were weighed to determine dry mass.&nbsp; Filters from most projects were then subsampled for C/N analyses by elemental analyzer thus providing carbon values for all 5 size classes.&nbsp; For cruises without direct carbon measurements available, dry weight was converted to carbon using equations in Landry et al.&nbsp;(2001).&nbsp; On the SalpPOOP cruise, &gt;5-mm salps were removed from the &gt;5-mm sample and individually sized (for all other cruises, no organisms were removed from the large size fraction and it was treated identically to other size fractions).&nbsp; We estimated salp biomass using allometric relationships in Iguchi et al.&nbsp;(2004)&nbsp;and included it to the &gt;5-mm sample.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1756610 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1756610
completed
Moira Decima
New Zealand National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research
858-246-4710
9500 Gilman Dr #0218
La Jolla
CA
92093-0218
USA
mdecima@ucsd.edu
pointOfContact
Michael R. Landry
University of California-San Diego
858-534-4702
9500 Gilman Drive Mail Code: 0227
La Jolla
CA
92093-0227
USA
mlandry@ucsd.edu
pointOfContact
Mark D. Ohman
University of California-San Diego
619-534-2754
Scripps Institution of Oceanography 0218 University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive
La Jolla
CA
92093-0218
USA
mohman@ucsd.edu
pointOfContact
Karen E. Selph
University of Hawai'i
808-956-7941
Department of Oceanography 1000 Pope Road, MSB 205
Honolulu
HI
96822
USA
selph@hawaii.edu
pointOfContact
Michael R. Stukel
Florida State University
815-258-3875
Earth, Ocean, and Atmos. Science Building (EOA) Rm. 6089 1011 Academic Way
Tallahassee
FL
32306
USA
mstukel@fsu.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
Project
Deployment
Cruise_ID_or_Cycle_ID
Lat
Lon
Date
Size_Bin_Lower_Limit
Size_Bin_Upper_Limit
Biomass
Bongo Net
Flow Cytometer
Flow Meter
Fluorescence Microscope
Folsom splitter
Niskin bottle
Depth sensor
Ring net
theme
None, User defined
project
cruise id
latitude
longitude
date
No BCO-DMO term
biomass_C
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
Bongo Net
Flow Cytometer
Flow Meter
Fluorescence Microscope
Folsom Plankton Splitter
Niskin bottle
Pressure Sensor
Ring Net
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
HOT_cruises
MV1008
NF1704
NF1802
TAN1810
KN182-14
TN204
BOLT01MV
MV1210
SKQ201605S
service
Deployment Activity
Costa Rica Dome
Gulf of Mexico
Chatham Rise (Subtropical and Sub-Antarctic waters off of New Zealand)
California Coast
California Current System
place
Locations
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
Collaborative Research: Quantifying trophic roles and food web ecology of salp blooms of the Chatham Rise
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/754878
Collaborative Research: Quantifying trophic roles and food web ecology of salp blooms of the Chatham Rise
<p><em>NSF Award Abstract:</em><br />
Salps are unique open-ocean animals that range in size from a few millimeters to greater than twenty centimeters, have a gelatinous (jelly-like) body, and can form long chains of many connected individuals. These oceanic organisms act as oceanic vacuum cleaners, having incredibly high feeding rates on phytoplankton and, unusual for consumers of their size, smaller bacteria-sized prey. This rapid feeding and the salps' tendency to form dense blooms, allows them move substantial amounts of prey carbon from the surface into the deep ocean, leading to carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere. However, salps are often considered a trophic dead-end, rather than a link, in the food web due to the assumption that they themselves are not consumed, since their gelatinous bodies are less nutritious than co-occurring crustacean prey. Along with this, salp populations are hypothesized to be increasing due to climate change. This proposal addresses these questions: 1) Do salps compete primarily with crustaceans (as in the prevailing paradigm) or are they competitors of single-celled protists, which are the dominant grazers of small phytoplankton? 2) Do salp blooms increase the efficiency of food-web pathways from tiny phytoplankton to fisheries production in nutrient-poor ocean regions?</p>
<p>This project will support the interdisciplinary education of a graduate student who will learn modeling and laboratory techniques in the fields of biological and chemical oceanography and stimulate international collaborations between scientists in the United States and New Zealand. Additionally, several Education and Outreach initiatives are planned, including development of a week-long immersive high school class in biological oceanography, and education modules that will serve the "scientists-in-the schools" program in Tallahassee, FL.</p>
<p>It is commonly assumed that salps are a trophic sink. However, this idea was developed before the discovery that protists (rather than crustaceans) are the dominant grazers in the open ocean and was biased by the difficulty of recognizing gelatinous salps in fish guts. More recent studies show that salps are found in guts of a diverse group of fish and seabirds and are a readily available prey source when crustacean abundance is low. This proposal seeks to quantify food web flows through contrasting salp-dominated and salp-absent water parcels near the Chatham Rise off western New Zealand where salp blooms are a predictable phenomenon. The proposal will leverage previously obtained data on salp abundance, bulk grazing impact, and biogeochemical significance during Lagrangian experiments conducted by New Zealand-based collaborators. The proposal will determine 1) taxon- and size-specific phytoplankton growth rate measurements, 2) taxon- and size-specific protozoan and salp grazing rate measurements, 3) compound specific isotopic analysis of the amino acids of mesozooplankton to quantify the trophic position of salps, hyperiid amphipods, and other crustaceans, 4) sediment traps to quantify zooplankton carcass sinking rates, and 5) linear inverse ecosystem modeling syntheses. Secondary production and trophic flows from this well-constrained ecosystem model will be compared to crustacean-dominated and microbial loop-dominated ecosystems in similarly characterized regions (California Current, Costa Rica Dome, and Gulf of Mexico).</p>
<p>This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.</p>
Salp Food Web Ecology
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
Costa Rica Dome; Gulf of Mexico; Chatham Rise (Subtropical and Sub-Antarctic waters off of New Zealand); California Coast; California Current System
-120.62
179.5464167
-42.67441667
9.00146
2004-06-16
2018-11-17
East of New Zealand, Chatham Rise area
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Plankton size spectra compiled from projects CCE LTER, HOT, CRD FluZIE, BLOOFINZ-GoM, and SalpPOOP in the California Current Ecosystem, North Pacific subtropical gyre, Costa Rica Dome, Gulf of Mexico, and Southern Ocean subtropical front from 2004-2018
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/933969.rdf
Name: Project
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Name of the project from which data was collected</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/933970.rdf
Name: Deployment
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Deployment</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/933971.rdf
Name: Cruise_ID_or_Cycle_ID
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Identifier for Lagrangian experiment (or HOT cruise) from which data was collected</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/933972.rdf
Name: Lat
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Sampling location latitude, south is negative</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/933973.rdf
Name: Lon
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Sampling location longitude, west is negative</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/933974.rdf
Name: Date
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Midpoint date of the Lagrangian experiment on which the collections were made</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/933977.rdf
Name: Size_Bin_Lower_Limit
Units: microns (um)
Description: <p>Lower limit of the size bin</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/933978.rdf
Name: Size_Bin_Upper_Limit
Units: microns (um)
Description: <p>Upper limit of the size bin</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/933979.rdf
Name: Biomass
Units: milligrams of carbon per meter cubed (mg/m^3)
Description: <p>Carbon biomass in the size bin</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
78299
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/cf6d4b6f-2798-46d7-b72d-ea73d4c78ecc/content
download
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.924554.1
download
onLine
dataset
<p><em>In situ</em>&nbsp;data were compiled from five field programs: CCE LTER, CRD FluZIE, BLOOFINZ-GoM, SalpPOOP, and HOT&nbsp;(Fig.1 illustrates&nbsp;their locations, Stukel et al, 2024). Datasets from the California Current Ecosystem Long-Term Ecological Research (CCE LTER) Program are derived from eight cruises spanning multiple seasons and years (2006-2016)&nbsp;in the southern sector of the California Current System.&nbsp; This region includes a productivity gradient stretching from a coastal upwelling biome to an oligotrophic offshore domain&nbsp;(Ohman et al. 2013).&nbsp; Results from the Costa Rica Dome (CRD) are derived from the CRD FLUxes and ZInc Experiments (FLUZIE) cruise in an open-ocean upwelling region of the Eastern Tropical Pacific in July 2010&nbsp;(Landry et al. 2016).&nbsp; The Gulf of Mexico (GoM)&nbsp;dataset was collected on two cruises of the Bluefin Larvae in Oligotrophic Ocean Foodwebs, Investigations of Nutrients to Zooplankton (BLOOFINZ-GoM) program in May 2017 and May 2018 that focused on the oligotrophic deepwater spawning grounds of Atlantic Bluefin Tuna&nbsp;(Gerard et al. 2022).&nbsp; The Salp Particle expOrt and Oceanic Production (SalpPOOP) Expedition investigated the Southern Ocean region near the Subtropical Front and sampled waters of frontal, subtropical and subantarctic origin&nbsp;(Décima et al. 2023).&nbsp; All of these programs utilized quasi-Lagrangian sampling schemes with Lagrangian experiments that lasted from ~2.25 to ~7.75 days in duration (typical duration = 4.25 days) allowing repeated sampling of plankton communities from bacteria to microzooplankton within distinct water parcels&nbsp;(Landry 2009).&nbsp; Samples from the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre were collected by the Hawaii Ocean Time-series program, which samples the time-series station ALOHA over ~3 days near Hawai’i with ~monthly frequency&nbsp;(Church et al. 2013; Karl and Church 2014).&nbsp; Brief descriptions of field methods are given below.&nbsp; Additional details are available in original publications as cited.&nbsp;</p>
<p><em>Microbes</em>&nbsp;– Samples for microbial biomass were collected by Niskin bottles at 6 – 8 depths spanning the euphotic zone.&nbsp; Picoplankton abundances (heterotrophic bacteria,&nbsp;<em>Prochlorococcus</em>,&nbsp;<em>Synechococcus</em>, and picoeukaryotes) were determined by flow cytometry and converted to biomass using carbon cell<sup>-1</sup>&nbsp;conversion factors for their respective regions as determined by the original investigators&nbsp;(Selph et al. 2016; Selph et al. 2021). While conversion factors did vary slightly between regions for some groups, they were generally quite similar.&nbsp; Nano- and microplankton biomasses were determined by epifluorescence microscopy with proflavin (protein) and DAPI (nucleic acid) staining&nbsp;(Taylor et al. 2012; Taylor et al. 2016).&nbsp; 50-mL samples were filtered through 0.8-µm filters to quantify ~2- to 12-µm cells (imaged at 60X or 63X magnification) and 450-mL samples were filtered through 8.0-µm filters to quantify &gt;12-µm cells (imaged at 20X magnification).&nbsp; Cells were manually outlined based on proflavin fluorescence and carbon biomass was determined from biovolume using equations in Menden-Deuer and Lessard&nbsp;(2000).&nbsp; We note that while this approach will accurately quantify most nano- and micro-sized protists (autotrophic, heterotrophic, and mixotrophic), some fragile taxa (e.g., some ciliates) may not survive preservation and hence could be undercounted.&nbsp;</p>
<p><em>Mesozooplankton</em>&nbsp;– Mesozooplankton were collected with either a ring net or a bongo net with 202-µm mesh, equipped with a General Oceanics flow meter and a depth sensor.&nbsp; Double oblique net tows (to a maximum depth between 100 and 210 m) were conducted twice daily (paired day and night tows) during Lagrangian experiments.&nbsp; Typically three day/night pairs of tows were conducted for each occupation of Station ALOHA in the subtropical North Pacific.&nbsp; After recovery, samples were split using a Folsom splitter and sequentially filtered through nested sieves (5 mm, 2 mm, 1 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.2 mm).&nbsp; Sieves were rinsed onto pre-weighed, 47-mm diameter, 0.2-mm mesh filters, rinsed with isotonic ammonium formate, and dried for storage&nbsp;(Décima et al. 2016; Landry and Swalethorp 2021).&nbsp; On land, samples were weighed to determine dry mass.&nbsp; Filters from most projects were then subsampled for C/N analyses by elemental analyzer thus providing carbon values for all 5 size classes.&nbsp; For cruises without direct carbon measurements available, dry weight was converted to carbon using equations in Landry et al.&nbsp;(2001).&nbsp; On the SalpPOOP cruise, &gt;5-mm salps were removed from the &gt;5-mm sample and individually sized (for all other cruises, no organisms were removed from the large size fraction and it was treated identically to other size fractions).&nbsp; We estimated salp biomass using allometric relationships in Iguchi et al.&nbsp;(2004)&nbsp;and included it to the &gt;5-mm sample.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p><em>Data treatment</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;We compiled flow cytometry, epifluorescence microscopy, and zooplankton net tow data to compute size spectra.&nbsp;&nbsp;Our choice of size bins was dictated by the size bins reported by each field program, which typically followed approximately octave (base 2) scaling.&nbsp; However, we were forced to make some distinct choices: &nbsp;I) Cell size was not reported for flow cytometry data, hence we assumed that the size bin for picoplankton was 0.5 – 2.0 µm.&nbsp; This is likely a reasonable range that encompasses most biomass for populations including heterotrophic bacteria,&nbsp;<em>Prochlorococcus</em>,&nbsp;<em>Synechococcus</em>, and picoeukaryotes.&nbsp; II) The largest size class of microplankton reported from epifluorescence microscopy data was typically either &gt;20 µm or &gt;40 µm.&nbsp; &nbsp;We assumed that this size class extends to an upper limit of 200-µm cells, because many common protists (e.g., diatoms, dinoflagellates, and ciliates) seen in these samples can reach this size.&nbsp; However, we acknowledge that epifluorescence microscopy likely misses many &lt;200-µm metazoan zooplankton (e.g., appendicularians and copepod nauplii that are likely common in all study regions) as well as fragile rhizarians&nbsp;(that are known to be common and contribute to export in the CCE region, Gutierrez-Rodriguez et al. 2019).&nbsp; Our estimate of the biomass of this size class is thus likely an underestimate.&nbsp; III) The upper limit of the &gt;5-mm mesozooplankton size class is also unknown.&nbsp; We consistently treated this size class as encompassing organisms from 5 – 50 mm because 50 mm was a reasonable estimate for the upper limit of organisms typically collected in this size class.&nbsp; However, functionally this class includes all &gt;5 mm taxa that were present and did not avoid the net.&nbsp; For instance, the “5 – 50 mm” size class often included ~100 mm salps in the SalpPOOP study and 50 – 200 mm pyrosome colonies in the CCE.&nbsp; While it might have been most appropriate to remove all &gt;50 mm organisms from this size class, this was not possible as the proportion of the biomass contained in &gt;50 mm organisms was not included in datasets.&nbsp; Furthermore, since our goal was to estimate the slope of the plankton size spectrum, the exclusion of all large mesozooplankton would bias our results.&nbsp; We thus consider it most appropriate to sum all &gt;5-mm taxa into a single size class and use a typical maximum size (50 mm) as the assumed upper limit of the bin.&nbsp;</p>
<p>We determined the average euphotic zone biomass in each size bin.&nbsp;&nbsp;For microbial populations, we vertically-integrated the biomass profiles from 6 – 8 depths through the euphotic zone.&nbsp;&nbsp;We then divided by the depth of the deepest sample (which was always near the base of the euphotic zone) to determine an average volumetric carbon biomass (mmol C m<sup>-3</sup>).&nbsp;&nbsp;Multiple profiles per Lagrangian experiment were averaged.&nbsp;&nbsp;For mesozooplankton size classes, volumetric carbon biomass was determined by dividing the net-tow biomass by the volume filtered (determined using a flow meter attached to the net frame).&nbsp;&nbsp;For each Lagrangian experiment, we computed daytime and nighttime average biomasses and then took the average of these two values to get a day-night mean estimate of volumetric carbon biomass.&nbsp;&nbsp;Individual microbial size classes thus typically incorporated ~24 distinct measurements (6 depths × 4 days for one Lagrangian experiment), while zooplankton size classes typically incorporated 8 distinct measurements (~2 day-night tows per day × 4 days).&nbsp;&nbsp;We believe this results in very robust estimates of the NBSS for these programs.&nbsp;&nbsp;For the station ALOHA samples, results are typically derived from a single profile of microbial measurements&nbsp;(Pasulka et al. 2013)&nbsp;and three day-night pairs of zooplankton net tows and hence should be assumed to have greater uncertainty.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
Loaded the submitted Excel spreadsheet Supp Table 1_BCO-DMO.xlsx into the BCO-DMO data processor Laminar.
The original Date column contains a mixed format of data and time where some entries don’t have a time and some entries have an abbreviated month rather than a number.
Split the date and time values into 2 new columns to reformat. Not all entries have a time value and the submitter requested the Time column be removed and only the Date values be kept.
Inside the new Date column, converted 3 letter month abbreviations in the dates to numeric values.
The year is a two digit year with a known century of 2000, so the two digit year was prefixed with ‘20’ to create a 4 digit year.
Reformatted new dates into the ISO format of %Y-%m-%d.
Removed the original date column.
Renamed the column ‘Cruise / Cycle ID’ to ‘Cruise_ID_or_Cycle_ID’.
Renamed the fields using the BCO-DMO naming convention of no spaces or punctuation marks and with no numbers at the front of a parameter name. Spaces were replaced with underscores.
Saved the final table to 924554_v1_plankton_biomass.csv.
Checked the bacteria names in the submitted text matched the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) website.
Specified by BCO-DMO Data Managers
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
Bongo Net
Bongo Net
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Bongo Net PI Supplied Instrument Description:Bongo net with 202-µm mesh Instrument Name: Bongo Net Instrument Short Name:Bongo Net Instrument Description: A Bongo Net consists of paired plankton nets, typically with a 60 cm diameter mouth opening and varying mesh sizes, 10 to 1000 micron. The Bongo Frame was designed by the National Marine Fisheries Service for use in the MARMAP program. It consists of two cylindrical collars connected with a yoke so that replicate samples are collected at the same time. Variations in models are designed for either vertical hauls (OI-2500 = NMFS Pairovet-Style, MARMAP Bongo, CalVET) or both oblique and vertical hauls (Aquatic Research). The OI-1200 has an opening and closing mechanism that allows discrete "known-depth" sampling. This model is large enough to filter water at the rate of 47.5 m3/minute when towing at a speed of two knots. More information: Ocean Instruments, Aquatic Research, Sea-Gear Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/NETT0009/
Flow Cytometer
Flow Cytometer
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Flow Cytometer PI Supplied Instrument Description:There were multiple different flow cytometers used. Typically a seagoing flow cytometer was used for picoeukaryotes and a higher resolution flow cytometer was used for bacteria. The flow cytometers varied between studies. Data users can go to the cited publications (or original flow cytometry datasets) to find out more. Instrument Name: Flow Cytometer Instrument Short Name:Flow Cytometer Instrument Description: Flow cytometers (FC or FCM) are automated instruments that quantitate properties of single cells, one cell at a time. They can measure cell size, cell granularity, the amounts of cell components such as total DNA, newly synthesized DNA, gene expression as the amount messenger RNA for a particular gene, amounts of specific surface receptors, amounts of intracellular proteins, or transient signalling events in living cells.
(from: http://www.bio.umass.edu/micro/immunology/facs542/facswhat.htm) Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB37/
Flow Meter
Flow Meter
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Flow Meter PI Supplied Instrument Description:General Oceanics flow meter Instrument Name: Flow Meter Instrument Short Name:Flow Meter Instrument Description: General term for a sensor that quantifies the rate at which fluids (e.g. water or air) pass through sensor packages, instruments, or sampling devices. A flow meter may be mechanical, optical, electromagnetic, etc. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/388/
Fluorescence Microscope
Fluorescence Microscope
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Fluorescence Microscope PI Supplied Instrument Description:A ZeissAxioVert200M microscope was used for most of the microscopy, and an Olympus BX51 microscope was used for samples from the SalpPOOP cruise (TAN1810). Instrument Name: Fluorescence Microscope Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: Instruments that generate enlarged images of samples using the phenomena of fluorescence and phosphorescence instead of, or in addition to, reflection and absorption of visible light. Includes conventional and inverted instruments. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB06/
Folsom splitter
Folsom splitter
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Folsom splitter Instrument Name: Folsom Plankton Splitter Instrument Short Name:Folsom Splitter Instrument Description: A device for sub-sampling of plankton and ichthyoplankton samples by splitting, developed by Dr. Folsom of the Scripps Institute of Oceanography. Ideally suited for splitting plankton samples with minimal debris. A measured volume of plankton sample is placed in the undivided section of the drum. This is rotated 120 degrees to divide the stirred sample with a separating blade. Standard Methods suggests splitting until a subsample of 200-500 individuals is obtained.
Niskin bottle
Niskin bottle
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Niskin bottle Instrument Name: Niskin bottle Instrument Short Name:Niskin bottle Instrument Description: A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24, or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0412/
Depth sensor
Depth sensor
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Depth sensor PI Supplied Instrument Description:Different depth sensors were used on different cruises Instrument Name: Pressure Sensor Instrument Short Name:Pressure Sensor Instrument Description: A pressure sensor is a device used to measure absolute, differential, or gauge pressures. It is used only when detailed instrument documentation is not available.
Ring net
Ring net
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Ring net PI Supplied Instrument Description:Ring net with 202-µm mesh Instrument Name: Ring Net Instrument Short Name:Ring Net Instrument Description: A Ring Net is a generic plankton net, made by attaching a net of any mesh size to a metal ring of any diameter. There are 1 meter, .75 meter, .25 meter and .5 meter nets that are used regularly. The most common zooplankton ring net is 1 meter in diameter and of mesh size .333mm, also known as a 'meter net' (see Meter Net). Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/22/
Cruise: HOT_cruises
HOT_cruises
Multiple Vessels
vessel
HOT_cruises
Angelicque E. White
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/
Report describing HOT_cruises
Cruise: MV1008
MV1008
R/V Melville
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Melville
vessel
MV1008
Michael R. Landry
University of California-San Diego Scripps
http://dmoserv3.whoi.edu/data_docs/CRD_FLUZiE/CRUISE_REPORT_Melville1008.pdf
Report describing MV1008
Cruise: NF1704
NF1704
R/V Nancy Foster
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Nancy Foster
vessel
NF1704
Estrella Malca
University of Miami
https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/docs/302/BLOOFINZ_IO/data_docs/cruise_reports/NF1704_CRUISE_REPORT.pdf
Report describing NF1704
Cruise: NF1802
NF1802
R/V Nancy Foster
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Nancy Foster
vessel
NF1802
John Lamkin
NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center
https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/docs/302/BLOOFINZ_IO/data_docs/cruise_reports/NF1802_CRUISE_REPORT.pdf
Report describing NF1802
Cruise: TAN1810
TAN1810
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Tangaroa
vessel
TAN1810
Moira Decima
New Zealand National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research
Cruise: KN182-14
KN182-14
R/V Knorr
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Knorr
vessel
KN182-14
Mark D. Ohman
University of California-San Diego Scripps
Cruise: TN204
TN204
R/V Thomas G. Thompson
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Thomas G. Thompson
vessel
TN204
Michael R. Landry
University of California-San Diego Scripps
Cruise: BOLT01MV
BOLT01MV
R/V Melville
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Melville
vessel
BOLT01MV
Mark D. Ohman
University of California-San Diego Scripps
Cruise: MV1210
MV1210
R/V Melville
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Melville
vessel
MV1210
Michael R. Landry
University of California-San Diego Scripps
Cruise: SKQ201605S
SKQ201605S
R/V Sikuliaq
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Sikuliaq
vessel
SKQ201605S
Mark D. Ohman
University of California-San Diego Scripps
Multiple Vessels
vessel
R/V Melville
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Melville
vessel
R/V Nancy Foster
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Nancy Foster
vessel
R/V Knorr
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Knorr
vessel
R/V Thomas G. Thompson
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Thomas G. Thompson
vessel
R/V Sikuliaq
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Sikuliaq
vessel