http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/925359
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2024-04-18
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Concentrations of the rare earth elements (REE) and Thorium-232 (232Th) in glacial dust from the northern Gulf of Alaska region
2024-04-22
publication
2024-04-22
revision
Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)
2024-04-23
publication
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.925359.1
James W. Murray
University of Washington
principalInvestigator
John Crusius
USGS Alaska Science Center at University of Washington, School of Oceanography
principalInvestigator
Thomas M. Holmes
Australian Antarctic Program Partnership, University of Tasmania
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Crusius, J., Lao, C. A., Holmes, T. M., Murray, J. W. (2024) Concentrations of the rare earth elements (REE) and Thorium-232 (232Th) in glacial dust from the northern Gulf of Alaska region. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2024-04-22 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.925359.1 [access date]
Aerosol REE and Th-232 data from northern Gulf of Alaska region Dataset Description: Methods and Sampling: <p><strong>Sampling approaches:</strong><br />
Alaskan glacial dust samples were collected in a variety of ways from two different locations, during multiple years. Bulk dust was collected using a Thermo Partisol Plus 2025 on Middleton Island, Alaska (59.42144 °N, 146.3493 °W) continuously during two years from 2011-2012, as described in Schroth et al, 2017. The sampling location, at a high point in the southwestern third of the ~50-meter (m) high island, was selected to be close to a source of needed electricity but far from frequently traveled roads and other local sources of aerosol (e.g. diesel generators at the northeastern end). Size-fractionated samples were also collected on Middleton Island (same location) during a large glacial dust event from 10-12 November 2019 using a Tisch Volumetric Flow Controlled (VFC) high volume sampler (Tisch Environmental, TE-5170V- BL) outfitted with a Cascade impactor. The six size fractions collected ranged from &lt;0.49 micrometers (um) to &gt;7.2 um in diameter. This sampler technology is discussed in greater detail in Morton et al, 2013. Samples were filtered with Whatman 41 (W41) cellulose fiber filters. Filters were acid-washed using environmental grade 0.5 M HCl and very thoroughly rinsed with milli-Q water, then dried, in a HEPA filtered laminar flow hood.</p>
<p>Finally, one large-volume sample was generated by collecting dust on July 29, 2011, from the shelves of a shed in the Copper River delta (close to Million Dollar Bridge, at 60.67454 °N, 144.74811 °W) that was in the path of the Copper River-derived dust plume and had a hole in its roof, which served as the sample collection device. This large dust sample probably integrated over a few years prior to collection. The validity of this sample, despite a very unconventional sampling approach, is confirmed by the striking similarity of its rare earth element (REE) signature to the REE signature of the other samples collected from Middleton Island (especially to the &gt;7.2 um diameter sample)).</p>
<p><strong>Digestion methods:</strong><br />
Samples of a few milligrams (mg) of dust (typical for the largest size fractions; sometimes less) were weighed after equilibration in lab air overnight in a laminar flow hood to minimize moisture content fluctuations. Moisture content of the dust has the potential to alter mass estimates substantially, hence this step was essential. Total particle digestions were carried out in Savillex 15-milliliter (mL) Teflon vials on a hotplate using a three-step digestion, at 140-150 degrees Celsius (°C), patterned after Morton et al (2013) using: 1) Optima concentrated HNO3; 2) a 4:1 mixture of Optima concentrated HNO3 and Optima concentrated HF; 3) Optima concentrated HNO3, followed in each case by evaporation to dryness. Samples were then redissolved in 4 M HNO3 at 90°C for two hours. Digestions and evaporation steps were carried out within a polycarbonate enclosure, with HEPA-filtered air intake, on top of clean polyethylene sheet, within an exhausting fume hood.</p>
<p><strong>Analyses:</strong><br />
Concentrations of the REE and 232Th were determined on a Thermofisher iCAP inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) in KED mode, with He as a collision cell gas, adapted from the approach of Trommetter et al (2020). Concentrations were determined from standard curves using a REE ICP-MS standard from High-Purity Standards (that also contained 232Th). Three internal standards (Ge, In, and Bi) were added to both samples and standards, to correct for short-term variability in the instrument response and to evaluate stability of mass response during the ICP-MS run. Concentration estimates for the REE and 232Th were blank-corrected using full-process blanks that included filters deployed during times when there was no known dust deposition. Most of the full-process blank concentrations were 100 times or more smaller than the concentrations of our lowest standard (with the exception of Ce, the concentration of which was ~7 times smaller than our lowest standard. This means that our blank concentrations were very low but also not quantified extremely accurately. Our best estimates are that the full-process blanks, including filters, ranged from 0.02 picograms per square centimeter (pg cm-2) for Eu, Tb, and Ho, to 2 pg cm-2 for Ce. These blank concentrations were in all cases 40 times or more smaller than our lowest REE sample concentration for the &lt;0.49 um size fraction with the smallest amount of dust, and ~3 orders of magnitude smaller than the signal of the largest samples. Hence, the blanks did not impact our REE concentration estimates significantly.</p>
<p>Solid reference materials were analyzed to evaluate the completeness of the particle digestion process and the accuracy of the standard solution calibrations. These included PACS-3 and a large sample of Columbia River Basalt (BCR-UW) collected, ground, and homogenized by Prof. Bruce Nelson of UW Earth and Space Sciences, from the same location as BCR-1 and BCR-2. In addition, Arizona test dust and a large-volume dust sample from the Copper River delta (see sampling methods discussion) were analyzed multiple times as additional constraints on reproducibility. Our REE concentration estimates agree within roughly four percent of the published concentrations for the reference materials PACS-3 and BCR-UW, while 232Th concentrations agree within ~5%. We used BCR-UW as a reference material because the USGS Geochemical Reference Materials lab was not able to provide us with any BCR-2 upon request, and we assume that this sample is of the same composition as BCR-2, as is suggested by the REE concentrations.</p>
<p><strong>Double normalized REE data processing:</strong><br />
REE concentrations were double normalized as follows. They were normalized to the average Post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS) REE concentration (McLennan, 1989), following recent practice (Grenier et al, 2018; Zhang et al, 2008; Friend et al, 2008). Such normalization generates smooth plots of the REE because it helps to reduce the effect whereby even atomic-numbered REE are more abundant than odd atomic-numbered REE (see Grenier et al, 2018). Concentrations were then normalized again to the mean PAAS-normalized REE concentration of each sample, similar to the approach Serno et al (2014) used normalizing to average Upper Continental Crust. See Serno et al (2014) for more detail on double normalization. This normalization approach differs slightly from the Upper Continental Crust normalization used by Serno et al (2014), although there is a very minor impact on the REE patterns (Garcia-Solsona et al, 2014, Appx. A.). Another reason we used this PAAS normalization approach is that it has been used in recent publications where the europium anomaly, Eu/Eu*, is estimated (e.g. Friend et al, 2008; Zhang et al, 2008; Grenier et al, 2018) and is thus consistent with recent practice in the oceanographic community.</p>
<p>The double normalized data are in the attached Supplemental File, "925359_v1_ree_th232_normalized_copperriverdust.csv".</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1756126 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1756126
completed
James W. Murray
University of Washington
206-543-4730
School of Oceanography Box 357940
Seattle
WA
98195-7940
USA
jmurray@ocean.washington.edu
pointOfContact
John Crusius
USGS Alaska Science Center at University of Washington, School of Oceanography
Seattle
WA
USA
jcrusius@usgs.gov
pointOfContact
Thomas M. Holmes
Australian Antarctic Program Partnership, University of Tasmania
Tasmania
Australia
thomas.holmes@utas.edu.au
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
sample_description
location_description
latitude
longitude
ISO_Date_UTC
La
Ce
Pr
Nd
Sm
Eu
Gd
Tb
Dy
Ho
Er
Tm
Yb
Lu
Th232
NOTES
Tisch Environmental, TE-5170V- BL
Thermofisher iCAP ICP-MS
Thermo Scientific Partisol 2025i Sequential Air Sampler
theme
None, User defined
sample description
site
latitude
longitude
date
metal concentration in atmosphere
comments
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
Aerosol Sampler
Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer
Thermo Scientific Partisol 2025i Sequential Air Sampler
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
Inferring trace element inputs to North Pacific surface waters from Alaskan and Asian dust
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/925286
Inferring trace element inputs to North Pacific surface waters from Alaskan and Asian dust
<p><em>NSF Award Abstract:</em><br />
An important part of understanding chemical cycling in the ocean is understanding the processes that deliver elements and nutrients to or remove them from the oceans. The atmosphere can be an important source of material from rain and from dust. In some parts of the oceans, input of elements such as iron from dust (and possibly rain) can play an important role in stimulating the growth of phytoplankton, the base of the marine food chain. This study will involve collection and analysis of a two-year time-series of filtered air samples from two locations in the subarctic North Pacific, aimed at understanding the inputs of metals to the ocean surface from Alaskan and Asian dust and from fossil fuel combustion. The dust time series observations and analyses proposed will provide insight that will aid the interpretation of observations from the 2018 U.S. GEOTRACES Pacific Meridional Transect expedition. This project will support a graduate student for two years and will be the basis of his or her Ph.D. research.</p>
<p>The investigators will collect atmospheric dust samples from two land-based locations well suited to capture the flux to surface waters of the subarctic North Pacific. One is on the northern side of the Aleutian chain, and the second is an island to the northeast (Middleton Island), at the shelf break, in the northern Gulf of Alaska. Sampling will be carried out year round at Middleton Island using an automated sampling system, while high-volume sampling will be carried out for one month at each of the two locations during targeted known seasonal events. These will help infer and characterize inputs from Asian dust, known to occur primarily in the spring, and from Alaskan dust, known to occur primarily in the autumn. Samples from large events will be made available to the GEOTRACES research community for analyses. The HYSPLIT model will be used to simulate dust transport and deposition, for comparison to observations. Previous work documents substantial interannual variability in dust fluxes from Alaska and from Asia, and volcanic ash input is even more variable. Given the seasonality and interannual and spatial variability of the dust sources, and the short residence time of Fe and other trace elements and isotopes in surface waters, this history of deposition from dust and fossil fuel combustion, and its geochemical characterization, will help to distinguish the various inputs more comprehensively than is possible with a single research cruise.&#8232;A variety of size fractions will be collected and analyzed to infer the particle size range that contains each of the metals. Analyses will be carried out on over twenty elements, including Fe, Al, the REE, the isotopes of Pb, Sr and Nd (the tracers that best distinguish the dust source end members), and metals including V and Ag to infer contributions from fossil fuel combustion. Activities in air of the natural radionuclides lead-210 and beryllium-7, and their depositional fluxes, will be determined to convert elemental concentrations in dust into flux estimates to surface waters. Experiments will evaluate the control of different organic ligands on the solubility of iron and other metals in surface seawater, the relative solubility of different size fractions, and the relative solubility of dust- versus fossil fuel-derived metals.</p>
<p>This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.</p>
Dust Flux to North Pacific
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere
oceans
-146.3493
-145.0954
59.42144
60.4324
2011-07-29
2019-11-12
subarctic North Pacific
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Concentrations of the rare earth elements (REE) and Thorium-232 (232Th) in glacial dust from the northern Gulf of Alaska region
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/925439.rdf
Name: sample_description
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Simple description of the sample</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/925440.rdf
Name: location_description
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Description of the sample location</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/925441.rdf
Name: latitude
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Station latitude, north is positive</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/925442.rdf
Name: longitude
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Station longitude, west is negative</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/925443.rdf
Name: ISO_Date_UTC
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Station timestamp (UTC) in ISO 8601 format yyyy-mm-dd</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/925444.rdf
Name: La
Units: ppm (ug/g)
Description: <p>dust/sediment lanthanum</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/925445.rdf
Name: Ce
Units: ppm (ug/g)
Description: <p>dust/sediment cerium</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/925446.rdf
Name: Pr
Units: ppm (ug/g)
Description: <p>dust/sediment praseodymium</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/925447.rdf
Name: Nd
Units: ppm (ug/g)
Description: <p>dust/sediment neodynium</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/925448.rdf
Name: Sm
Units: ppm (ug/g)
Description: <p>dust/sediment samarium</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/925449.rdf
Name: Eu
Units: ppm (ug/g)
Description: <p>dust/sediment europium</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/925450.rdf
Name: Gd
Units: ppm (ug/g)
Description: <p>dust/sediment gadolinium</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/925451.rdf
Name: Tb
Units: ppm (ug/g)
Description: <p>dust/sediment terbium</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/925452.rdf
Name: Dy
Units: ppm (ug/g)
Description: <p>dust/sediment dysprosium</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/925453.rdf
Name: Ho
Units: ppm (ug/g)
Description: <p>dust/sediment holmium</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/925454.rdf
Name: Er
Units: ppm (ug/g)
Description: <p>dust/sediment erbium</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/925455.rdf
Name: Tm
Units: ppm (ug/g)
Description: <p>dust/sediment thulium</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/925456.rdf
Name: Yb
Units: ppm (ug/g)
Description: <p>dust/sediment ytterbium</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/925457.rdf
Name: Lu
Units: ppm (ug/g)
Description: <p>dust/sediment lutetium</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/925458.rdf
Name: Th232
Units: ppm (ug/g)
Description: <p>dust/sediment thorium-232</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/925459.rdf
Name: NOTES
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Relevant notes about a sample or analysis.</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
1268
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/f235e7cf-39c2-41d7-98af-21152c1c12a9/content
download
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.925359.1
download
onLine
dataset
<p><strong>Sampling approaches:</strong><br />
Alaskan glacial dust samples were collected in a variety of ways from two different locations, during multiple years. Bulk dust was collected using a Thermo Partisol Plus 2025 on Middleton Island, Alaska (59.42144 °N, 146.3493 °W) continuously during two years from 2011-2012, as described in Schroth et al, 2017. The sampling location, at a high point in the southwestern third of the ~50-meter (m) high island, was selected to be close to a source of needed electricity but far from frequently traveled roads and other local sources of aerosol (e.g. diesel generators at the northeastern end). Size-fractionated samples were also collected on Middleton Island (same location) during a large glacial dust event from 10-12 November 2019 using a Tisch Volumetric Flow Controlled (VFC) high volume sampler (Tisch Environmental, TE-5170V- BL) outfitted with a Cascade impactor. The six size fractions collected ranged from &lt;0.49 micrometers (um) to &gt;7.2 um in diameter. This sampler technology is discussed in greater detail in Morton et al, 2013. Samples were filtered with Whatman 41 (W41) cellulose fiber filters. Filters were acid-washed using environmental grade 0.5 M HCl and very thoroughly rinsed with milli-Q water, then dried, in a HEPA filtered laminar flow hood.</p>
<p>Finally, one large-volume sample was generated by collecting dust on July 29, 2011, from the shelves of a shed in the Copper River delta (close to Million Dollar Bridge, at 60.67454 °N, 144.74811 °W) that was in the path of the Copper River-derived dust plume and had a hole in its roof, which served as the sample collection device. This large dust sample probably integrated over a few years prior to collection. The validity of this sample, despite a very unconventional sampling approach, is confirmed by the striking similarity of its rare earth element (REE) signature to the REE signature of the other samples collected from Middleton Island (especially to the &gt;7.2 um diameter sample)).</p>
<p><strong>Digestion methods:</strong><br />
Samples of a few milligrams (mg) of dust (typical for the largest size fractions; sometimes less) were weighed after equilibration in lab air overnight in a laminar flow hood to minimize moisture content fluctuations. Moisture content of the dust has the potential to alter mass estimates substantially, hence this step was essential. Total particle digestions were carried out in Savillex 15-milliliter (mL) Teflon vials on a hotplate using a three-step digestion, at 140-150 degrees Celsius (°C), patterned after Morton et al (2013) using: 1) Optima concentrated HNO3; 2) a 4:1 mixture of Optima concentrated HNO3 and Optima concentrated HF; 3) Optima concentrated HNO3, followed in each case by evaporation to dryness. Samples were then redissolved in 4 M HNO3 at 90°C for two hours. Digestions and evaporation steps were carried out within a polycarbonate enclosure, with HEPA-filtered air intake, on top of clean polyethylene sheet, within an exhausting fume hood.</p>
<p><strong>Analyses:</strong><br />
Concentrations of the REE and 232Th were determined on a Thermofisher iCAP inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) in KED mode, with He as a collision cell gas, adapted from the approach of Trommetter et al (2020). Concentrations were determined from standard curves using a REE ICP-MS standard from High-Purity Standards (that also contained 232Th). Three internal standards (Ge, In, and Bi) were added to both samples and standards, to correct for short-term variability in the instrument response and to evaluate stability of mass response during the ICP-MS run. Concentration estimates for the REE and 232Th were blank-corrected using full-process blanks that included filters deployed during times when there was no known dust deposition. Most of the full-process blank concentrations were 100 times or more smaller than the concentrations of our lowest standard (with the exception of Ce, the concentration of which was ~7 times smaller than our lowest standard. This means that our blank concentrations were very low but also not quantified extremely accurately. Our best estimates are that the full-process blanks, including filters, ranged from 0.02 picograms per square centimeter (pg cm-2) for Eu, Tb, and Ho, to 2 pg cm-2 for Ce. These blank concentrations were in all cases 40 times or more smaller than our lowest REE sample concentration for the &lt;0.49 um size fraction with the smallest amount of dust, and ~3 orders of magnitude smaller than the signal of the largest samples. Hence, the blanks did not impact our REE concentration estimates significantly.</p>
<p>Solid reference materials were analyzed to evaluate the completeness of the particle digestion process and the accuracy of the standard solution calibrations. These included PACS-3 and a large sample of Columbia River Basalt (BCR-UW) collected, ground, and homogenized by Prof. Bruce Nelson of UW Earth and Space Sciences, from the same location as BCR-1 and BCR-2. In addition, Arizona test dust and a large-volume dust sample from the Copper River delta (see sampling methods discussion) were analyzed multiple times as additional constraints on reproducibility. Our REE concentration estimates agree within roughly four percent of the published concentrations for the reference materials PACS-3 and BCR-UW, while 232Th concentrations agree within ~5%. We used BCR-UW as a reference material because the USGS Geochemical Reference Materials lab was not able to provide us with any BCR-2 upon request, and we assume that this sample is of the same composition as BCR-2, as is suggested by the REE concentrations.</p>
<p><strong>Double normalized REE data processing:</strong><br />
REE concentrations were double normalized as follows. They were normalized to the average Post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS) REE concentration (McLennan, 1989), following recent practice (Grenier et al, 2018; Zhang et al, 2008; Friend et al, 2008). Such normalization generates smooth plots of the REE because it helps to reduce the effect whereby even atomic-numbered REE are more abundant than odd atomic-numbered REE (see Grenier et al, 2018). Concentrations were then normalized again to the mean PAAS-normalized REE concentration of each sample, similar to the approach Serno et al (2014) used normalizing to average Upper Continental Crust. See Serno et al (2014) for more detail on double normalization. This normalization approach differs slightly from the Upper Continental Crust normalization used by Serno et al (2014), although there is a very minor impact on the REE patterns (Garcia-Solsona et al, 2014, Appx. A.). Another reason we used this PAAS normalization approach is that it has been used in recent publications where the europium anomaly, Eu/Eu*, is estimated (e.g. Friend et al, 2008; Zhang et al, 2008; Grenier et al, 2018) and is thus consistent with recent practice in the oceanographic community.</p>
<p>The double normalized data are in the attached Supplemental File, "925359_v1_ree_th232_normalized_copperriverdust.csv".</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p>The raw REE concentrations were double normalized, and REE data were saved in this format, as well, as follows. Concentrations were normalized to the average Post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS) REE concentration (McLennan, 1989), following recent practice (Grenier et al, 2018; Zhang et al, 2008; Friend et al, 2008). Such normalization generates smooth plots of the REE because it helps to reduce the effect whereby even atomic-numbered REE are more abundant than odd atomic-numbered REE (see Grenier et al, 2018). Concentrations were then normalized again to the mean PAAS-normalized REE concentration of each sample, similar to the approach Serno et al (2014) used normalizing to average Upper Continental Crust. This normalization approach differs slightly from the Upper Continental Crust normalization used by Serno et al (2014), although there is a very minor impact on the REE patterns (Garcia-Solsona et al, 2014, Appx. A.). Another reason we used this PAAS normalization approach is that it has been used in recent publications where the europium anomaly, Eu/Eu*, is estimated (e.g. Friend et al, 2008; Zhang et al, 2008; Grenier et al, 2018) and is thus consistent with recent practice in the oceanographic community.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
- Imported original file "REE_Th232_raw_data_CopperRiverDustBCO-DMO.csv" into the BCO-DMO system.
- Made longitude values negative to indicate West direction.
- Renamed fields to comply with BCO-DMO naming conventions.
- Converted date field to YYYY-MM-DD format.
- Saved the final file as "925359_v1_ree_th232_raw_data_copperriverdust.csv".
- Imported original file "REE_Th232_PAAS_MeanNorm_CopperRiverDustBCO-DMO.csv" into the BCO-DMO system.
- Made longitude values negative to indicate West direction.
- Renamed fields to comply with BCO-DMO naming conventions.
- Converted date field to YYYY-MM-DD format.
- Saved the final supplemental file as "925359_v1_ree_th232_normalized_copperriverdust.csv".
Specified by BCO-DMO Data Managers
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
Tisch Environmental, TE-5170V- BL
Tisch Environmental, TE-5170V- BL
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Tisch Environmental, TE-5170V- BL PI Supplied Instrument Description:Size-fractionated samples were collected using a Tisch Volumetric Flow Controlled (VFC) high-volume sampler (Tisch Environmental, TE-5170V- BL) outfitted with a Cascade impactor. Instrument Name: Aerosol Sampler Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: A device that collects a sample of aerosol (dry particles or liquid droplets) from the atmosphere. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/13/
Thermofisher iCAP ICP-MS
Thermofisher iCAP ICP-MS
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Thermofisher iCAP ICP-MS PI Supplied Instrument Description:Concentrations of the REE and 232Th were determined on a Thermofisher iCAP inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) in KED mode. Instrument Name: Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer Instrument Short Name:ICP Mass Spec Instrument Description: An ICP Mass Spec is an instrument that passes nebulized samples into an inductively-coupled gas plasma (8-10000 K) where they are atomized and ionized. Ions of specific mass-to-charge ratios are quantified in a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB15/
Thermo Scientific Partisol 2025i Sequential Air Sampler
Thermo Scientific Partisol 2025i Sequential Air Sampler
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Thermo Scientific Partisol 2025i Sequential Air Sampler PI Supplied Instrument Description:Bulk dust was collected using a Thermo Partisol Plus 2025 Instrument Name: Thermo Scientific Partisol 2025i Sequential Air Sampler Instrument Short Name:Partisol 2025i Instrument Description: The Thermo Scientific Partisol 2025i Sequential Air Sampler stores 16 filter cassettes, allowing for two weeks of unattended daily-sampling of particulate matter. Developed on the iSeries software platform design, this sampler features USB ports for improved data downloads, and exchanged 47mm diameter sample filters automatically, which can be preset to a user-defined time interval.