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            <gco:CharacterString>Cite this dataset as: Buck, K. N., Parente, C. E., Caprara, S., Boiteau, R. M., Chappell, P. D., Conway, T. M., Knapp, A. N., Smith, C., Tamborski, J. (2024) Dissolved Macronutrient Concentrations from Depth Profiles and Incubation Experiments from STING I Cruise AE2305 on R/V Atlantic Explorer in the Gulf of Mexico from February to March 2023. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2024-06-25 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.929305.1 [access date]</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>Methods and Sampling: &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Water column samples were collected in February and March 2023 aboard the R/V Atlantic Explorer using a trace metal clean rosette (SeaBird) outfitted with 12-L Niskin-X samplers (Ocean Test Equipment), a trace metal clean pump, or a custom surface pump “towfish” system (Mellett and Buck, 2020). Seawater samples for macronutrient analysis were filtered through 0.2 µm Pall Acropak Super membrane filter capsules, collected in acid-cleaned and triple-rinsed 15-mL Falcon tubes, and stored in ziplock bags in the fridge until analyzed shipboard following recommended practices (Becker et al., 2020), typically within 24 hours of collection.&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Samples were analyzed shipboard for phosphate, nitrate+nitrite, silicate, and nitrite on a QuAAtro39 AutoAnalyzer (SEAL Analytical) according to standard colorimetric methods (Strickland and Parsons, 1972).&amp;amp;nbsp;All reagents were prepared in dedicated labware with high purity Milli-Q (&amp;amp;gt;18 MΩ cm) water. Working standards were prepared fresh daily in an artificial seawater (ASW; 35 g/L sodium chloride, 0.5 g/L sodium bicarbonate) matrix using calibrated volumetric pipettes.&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Nine-point standard curves were analyzed at the beginning of each run with multiple reagent blanks. Quality control checks were analyzed every twelfth sample with ASW blanks and standards. The highest standard from the calibration curve was analyzed approximately every twenty samples to check for drift during the runs. Subsamples of reference material for nutrients in seawater (Konso) were measured in each run (see Table 1 below).&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Detection limits for each parameter were determined from three times the standard deviation of replicate lowest standards. Limits of detection were 0.035 µM for phosphate, 0.048 µM for nitrate+nitrite, 0.051 µM for silicate, and 0.012 µM for nitrite. Values below detection are reported as 0 µM with accompanying QC Flag 6.&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/award/924925.rdf" xlink:title="OCE-2326719" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-2326719 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=2326719</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3871-870X" xlink:title="ORCID" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Kristen Nicolle Buck</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://ror.org/00ysfqy60" xlink:title="ROR ID" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Oregon State University</gmx:Anchor>
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This project will investigate how groundwater discharge delivers important nutrients to the coastal ecosystems of the West Florida Shelf. Preliminary studies indicate that groundwater may supply both dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and iron in this region. In coastal ecosystems like the West Florida Shelf that have very low nitrate and ammonium concentrations, DON is the main form of nitrogen available to organisms. Nitrogen cycling is strongly affected by iron availability because iron is essential for both photosynthesis and for nitrogen fixation. This study will investigate the sources and composition of DON and iron, and their influence on the coastal ecosystem. The team will sample offshore groundwater wells, river and estuarine waters, and conduct two expeditions across the West Florida Shelf in winter and summer. Investigators will participate in K-12 and outreach activities to increase awareness of the project and related science. The project will fund the work of six graduate and eight undergraduate students across five institutions, furthering NSF’s goals of education and training.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Motivated by preliminary observations of unexplained, tightly-correlated DON and dissolved iron concentrations across the West Florida Shelf (WFS), the proposed work will quantify the flux and isotopic signatures of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD)-derived DON and iron to the WFS, and evaluate the bioavailability of this temporally-variable source using four seasonal near-shore campaigns sampling offshore groundwater wells, estuarine, and riverine endmembers and two cross-shelf cruises. The work will evaluate whether SGD stimulates nitrogen fixation on the WFS, and the potential for the stimulated nitrogen fixation to further modify the chemistry of DON and dissolved iron in the region. The cross-shelf cruises will investigate hypothesized periods of maximum SGD and Trichodesmium abundance (June), and reduced river discharge and SGD (February), thus comparing two distinct biogeochemical regimes. The concentrations and isotopic compositions of DON and dissolved iron, molecular composition of DON, and the concentration and composition of iron-binding ligands will be characterized. Nitrogen fixation rates and Trichodesmium spp. abundance and expression of iron stress genes will be measured. Fluxes of DON and iron from SGD and rivers will be quantified with radium isotope mass balances. The impacts of SGD on nitrogen fixation and DON/ligand production will be constrained with incubations of natural phytoplankton communities with submarine groundwater amendments. Two hypotheses will be tested: 1) SGD is the dominant source of bioavailable DON and dissolved iron on the WFS, and 2) SGD-alleviation of iron stress changes the dominant Trichodesmium species on the WFS, increases nitrogen fixation rates and modifies DON and iron composition. Overall, the work will establish connections between marine nitrogen and iron cycling and evaluate the potential for coastal inputs to modify water along the WFS before export to the Atlantic Ocean. This study will thus provide a framework to consider these boundary fluxes in oligotrophic coastal systems and the relative importance of rivers and SGD as sources of nitrogen and iron in other analogous locations, such as coastal systems in Australia, India, and Africa, where nitrogen fixation and SGD have also been documented.&lt;/p&gt;
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http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/950754.rdf
	Name: LATITUDE
	Units: decimal degrees
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Position when sample was collected in decimal degrees; a positive value indicates a Northern coordinate.‘nda’ for ‘no data available’  or missing information; ‘na’ for ‘not applicable’ to that sample.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/950755.rdf
	Name: LONGITUDE
	Units: decimal degrees
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Position when sample was collected in decimal degrees; a negative value indicates an Eastern coordinate.‘nda’ for ‘no data available’  or missing information; ‘na’ for ‘not applicable’ to that sample.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/950756.rdf
	Name: PLATFORM
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Sampling system used. TMC CTD = trace metal CTD rosette; FISH = tow fish; TM PUMP = trace metal pump; INC = incubation.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/950757.rdf
	Name: CASTNBR
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Cast number; ‘na’ for ‘not applicable’ to that sample.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/950758.rdf
	Name: STNNBR
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Station number; ‘na’ for ‘not applicable’ to that sample.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/950759.rdf
	Name: BTLNBR
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;CTD rosette bottle number; ‘na’ for ‘not applicable’ to that sample.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/950760.rdf
	Name: DEPTH
	Units: meters (m)
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Sample collection depth below sea surface; ‘no data available’  or missing information; ‘na’ for ‘not applicable’ to that sample.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/950761.rdf
	Name: PO4
	Units: micromoles per liter (uM)
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Concentrations of dissolved phosphate.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/950762.rdf
	Name: PO4_STDEV
	Units: micromoles per liter (uM)
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Standard deviation of replicate phosphate concentration measurements. If only 2 replicates, the difference about the mean was used to calculate error.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/950763.rdf
	Name: PO4_COUNT
	Units: replicate
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Number of PO4 analytical replicaters performed.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/950764.rdf
	Name: PO4_FLAG
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Quality flag for PO4 measurements. See the &amp;quot;Data Processing Description&amp;quot; section of the BCO-DMO metadata page for this dataset for full data quality flag details.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/950765.rdf
	Name: PO4_percentRSD
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Percent relative standard deviation of replicate phosphate concentration measurements. Calculated as PO4_STDEV divided by PO4 and multiplied by 100;  ‘na’ for ‘not applicable’, used when value of 0 assigned to concentrations &amp;lt;LOD.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/950766.rdf
	Name: NO3_NO2
	Units: micromoles per liter (uM)
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Concentrations of dissolved nitrate+nitrite.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/950767.rdf
	Name: NO3_NO2_STDEV
	Units: micromoles per liter (uM)
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Standard deviation of replicate nitrate+nitrite concentration measurements. If only 2 replicates, the difference about the mean was used to calculate error.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/950768.rdf
	Name: NO3_NO2_COUNT
	Units: replicate
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Number of nitrate+nitrite analytical replicaters performed.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/950769.rdf
	Name: NO3_NO2_FLAG
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Quality flag for NO3_NO2. See the &amp;quot;Data Processing Description&amp;quot; section of the BCO-DMO metadata page for this dataset for full data quality flag details.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/950770.rdf
	Name: NO3_NO2_percentRSD
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Percent relative standard deviation of replicate nitrate+nitrite concentration measurements. Calculated as NO3_NO2_STDEV divided by NO3_NO2 and multiplied by 100;  ‘na’ for ‘not applicable’, used when value of 0 assigned to concentrations &amp;lt;LOD.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/950771.rdf
	Name: SiO4
	Units: micromoles per liter (uM)
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Concentrations of dissolved silicate.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/950772.rdf
	Name: SiO4_STDEV
	Units: micromoles per liter (uM)
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Standard deviation of replicate silicate concentration measurements. If only 2 replicates, the difference about the mean was used to calculate error.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/950773.rdf
	Name: SiO4_COUNT
	Units: replicate
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Number of SiO4 analytical replicaters performed.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/950774.rdf
	Name: SiO4_FLAG
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Quality flag for SiO4. See the &amp;quot;Data Processing Description&amp;quot; section of the BCO-DMO metadata page for this dataset for full data quality flag details.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/950775.rdf
	Name: SiO4_percentRSD
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Percent relative standard deviation of replicate silicate concentration measurements. Calculated as SiO4_STDEV divided by SiO4 and multiplied by 100.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/950776.rdf
	Name: NO2
	Units: micromoles per liter (uM)
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Concentrations of dissolved nitrite.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/950777.rdf
	Name: NO2_STDEV
	Units: micromoles per liter (uM)
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Standard deviation of replicate nitrate+nitrite concentration measurements. If only 2 replicates, the difference about the mean was used to calculate error.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/950778.rdf
	Name: NO2_COUNT
	Units: replicate
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Number of NO2 analytical replicaters performed.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/950779.rdf
	Name: NO2_FLAG
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Quality flag for NO2. See the &amp;quot;Data Processing Description&amp;quot; section of the BCO-DMO metadata page for this dataset for full data quality flag details.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/950780.rdf
	Name: NO2_percentRSD
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Percent relative standard deviation of replicate nitrite concentration measurements. Calculated as NO2_STDEV divided by NO2 and multiplied by 100;  ‘na’ for ‘not applicable’, used when value of 0 assigned to concentrations &amp;lt;LOD.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/950781.rdf
	Name: STING_ID
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Unique number assigned to each sampling event in STING project.&lt;/p&gt; 
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                <gco:CharacterString>&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Water column samples were collected in February and March 2023 aboard the R/V Atlantic Explorer using a trace metal clean rosette (SeaBird) outfitted with 12-L Niskin-X samplers (Ocean Test Equipment), a trace metal clean pump, or a custom surface pump “towfish” system (Mellett and Buck, 2020). Seawater samples for macronutrient analysis were filtered through 0.2 µm Pall Acropak Super membrane filter capsules, collected in acid-cleaned and triple-rinsed 15-mL Falcon tubes, and stored in ziplock bags in the fridge until analyzed shipboard following recommended practices (Becker et al., 2020), typically within 24 hours of collection.&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Samples were analyzed shipboard for phosphate, nitrate+nitrite, silicate, and nitrite on a QuAAtro39 AutoAnalyzer (SEAL Analytical) according to standard colorimetric methods (Strickland and Parsons, 1972).&amp;amp;nbsp;All reagents were prepared in dedicated labware with high purity Milli-Q (&amp;amp;gt;18 MΩ cm) water. Working standards were prepared fresh daily in an artificial seawater (ASW; 35 g/L sodium chloride, 0.5 g/L sodium bicarbonate) matrix using calibrated volumetric pipettes.&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Nine-point standard curves were analyzed at the beginning of each run with multiple reagent blanks. Quality control checks were analyzed every twelfth sample with ASW blanks and standards. The highest standard from the calibration curve was analyzed approximately every twenty samples to check for drift during the runs. Subsamples of reference material for nutrients in seawater (Konso) were measured in each run (see Table 1 below).&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Detection limits for each parameter were determined from three times the standard deviation of replicate lowest standards. Limits of detection were 0.035 µM for phosphate, 0.048 µM for nitrate+nitrite, 0.051 µM for silicate, and 0.012 µM for nitrite. Values below detection are reported as 0 µM with accompanying QC Flag 6.&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

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                <gco:CharacterString>&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Data were flagged using the SeaDataNet quality flag scheme recommended by GEOTRACES (&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;https://www.geotraces.org/geotraces-quality-flag-policy/&amp;quot;&amp;gt;https://www.geotraces.org/geotraces-quality-flag-policy/&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;)&amp;amp;nbsp;and described below. Notes specific to the application of these flags to this dataset are noted in brackets […].&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;rteindent1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;0: No Quality Control: No quality control procedures have been applied to the data value. This is the initial status for all data values entering the working archive. [Not used].&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;rteindent1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;1: Good Value: Good quality data value that is not part of any identified malfunction and has been verified as consistent with real phenomena during the quality control process. [See Table 1 for blank and certified reference material values obtained in this study].&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;rteindent1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;2: Probably Good Value: Data value that is probably consistent with real phenomena, but this is unconfirmed or data value forming part of a malfunction that is considered too small to affect the overall quality of the data object of which it is a part. [Used when no replicate measurements were available to check the quality of the data].&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;rteindent1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;3: Probably Bad Value: Data value recognized as unusual during quality control that forms part of a feature that is probably inconsistent with real phenomena. [Used when all replicate measurements were too high to be consistent with real phenomena].&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;rteindent1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;4: Bad Value: An obviously erroneous data value. [Not used].&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;rteindent1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;5: Changed Value: Data value adjusted during quality control. Best practice strongly recommends that the value before the change be preserved in the data or its accompanying metadata. [Not used].&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;rteindent1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;6: Value Below Detection Limit: The level of the measured phenomenon was less than the limit of detection (LOD) for the method employed to measure it. The accompanying value is the detection limit for the technique or zero if that value is unknown. [Values below detection are reported as 0.00 µM in the data file. Detection limits for each parameter are listed in the “methods and sampling” section of this form].&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;rteindent1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;7: Value in Excess: The level of the measured phenomenon was too large to be quantified by the technique employed to measure it. The accompanying value is the measurement limit for the technique. [Not used].&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;rteindent1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;8: Interpolated Value: This value has been derived by interpolation from other values in the data object. [Not used].&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;rteindent1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;9: Missing Value: The data value is missing. Any accompanying value will be a magic number representing absent data [When sample was not collected the notation ‘na’ for ‘not applicable’ was used; when sample collected but there is no result for this parameter, the notation ‘NDA’ for ‘no data available’ was used].&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;rteindent1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A: Value Phenomenon Uncertain: There is uncertainty in the description of the measured phenomenon associated with the value such as chemical species or biological entity. [Not used.]&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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- Date formats converted from %m/%d/%y to %Y-%m-%d.
- Column &amp;quot;ISO_DateTime_UTC&amp;quot; created by merging the DATE_UTC and TIME_UTC columns.

Version history notes:

Version 2 of this dataset contains corrections to version 1; the NO3+NO2 and PO4 values in Version 1 are swapped and incorrect. Version 2 also includes replicate count values. 

Version 3 of this dataset contains dataset and metadata updates, including Cruise ID, Map station numbers, Map station coordinates, and Incubation bottle numbers, treatments and timepoints. No changes have been made to dataset values that existed in Version 2 of the data file.</gco:CharacterString>
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