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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/933773.rdf" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Dissolved concentrations of the trace metals Mn, Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Pb in vertical profile seawater samples from the upper 1,000 meters of the water column collected on R/V Roger Revelle cruise RR2004 in the south Pacific Ocean from Jan-Feb 2021</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Cite this dataset as: Morton, P. L., Middleton, J., Tegler, L., Hearn, L., Caprara, S. (2025) Dissolved concentrations of the trace metals Mn, Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Pb in vertical profile seawater samples from the upper 1,000 meters of the water column collected on R/V Roger Revelle cruise RR2004 in the south Pacific Ocean from Jan-Feb 2021. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2025-06-09 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.933773.1 [access date]</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>RR2004 Dissolved Trace Metals Dataset Description:  Methods and Sampling: &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;To characterize the nutritional values of Southeast Pacific Ocean waters and determine the limiting nutrient(s) in each regime, uncontaminated seawater samples (n=173) were drawn from&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;21 deployments&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;of nine 5-liter (L) Niskin-X bottles&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;suspended from Kevlar line at varying depths between 30 meters (m) and 1050 m.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sampling procedure:&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Niskin-X bottles were carried from a UNOLS trace-metal clean van to the starboard squirt boom, where they were secured by hand to the 1/4-inch Aracom Miniline using stainless steel hardware. The Niskins were attached incrementally so that each Niskin was lowered to its target depth when the deepest Niskin reached its target depth (~1000 m). Niskin bottles were allowed to sit at depth for ~5 minutes before triggered to close using a series of Teflon messengers.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The Niskins were recovered and returned to the trace metal clean van, where they were secured in PVC racks with wedges&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;to keep the caps tight. A series of air lines were connected to the air ports at the top of the Niskins, which were then&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;overpressured (~6-8 psi) with filtered air using a Gast pump.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Unfiltered samples were drawn from each Niskin-X for salinity and major nutrient measurements (ODF). The remainder of the volume was filtered using 47-millimeter (mm), 0.4-micrometer (μm) pore-size Isopore membrane filters&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;installed in Advantec filter cartridges. The filtrate was collected into trace metal-cleaned (acid-washed) 125-milliliter (mL) LDPE bottles for dissolved trace metal concentrations.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Special modifications to sampling operations:&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;1. A small&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;Ronstan Series 60 Single Orbit block (model #7298755) was used instead of a larger metering block, which eliminated the risk of the line jumping the sheave and the need for a deck-mounted snatch block. The block was attached to the starboard squirt boom which allowed for the Niskin-X bottles to be attached to the Aracom line without having to lean too far over the side of the ship.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;2. The Niskin-X bottles were deployed from the starboard side of the ship by securing the Hawboldt winch at an angle, just aft of the ResTech locker. This allowed the Aracom line to be threaded through the Ronstan block mounted to the squirt boom. Even in heavier seas, the Niskin-X bottles were deployed reliably and reproducibly due to this arrangement (which was designed by Matt Durham, UCSD ResTech).&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;3. In order to better estimate the depths at which the bottles were deployed, a miniature temperature and pressure sensor (centi-TD, 5-1500 m; Star Oddi) was secured to each Niskin-X bottle. These sensors recorded the temperature and pressure (i.e., depth) at preset intervals (every 60 seconds). These depths were double-checked by comparing the salinity and nutrient values determined in samples from each Niskin-X bottle against (1) the temperature and salinity values from the ship's CTD sensors and (2) discrete salinity and nutrient concentrations determined from the ship's bottles.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Analytical procedure (dissolved trace metals):&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Filtered seawater samples were acidified to 0.024 M HCl using concentrated Fisher Optima HCl. The samples were allowed to sit for ~6 months to allow complete desorption of metals from the bottle walls, according to Jensen et al. 2020.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Aliquots of acidified seawater (~15 mL) were transferred to 30 mL FEP bottles (Savillex) for UV-oxidation (1.5 hours), according to Milne et al. 2010. The samples were then processed online using a SeaFAST S2 system (Elemental Scientific, Inc.), which includes online buffering with ammonium acetate buffer before passing over a 200-microliter (µL) column filled with Nobias Chelate PA-1. The extraction procedure captures trace metals from 10 mL of buffered seawater while allowing most of the major sea-salt cations (e.g., Na and Mg) to be directed to waste. The column is then eluted with 0.5 mL of 1.6 M HNO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; (Fisher Optima) to release the trace metals, and this eluate is introduced directly to the High Resolution-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (Thermo ELEMENT 2) for analysis. By eliminating the major seasalts and concentrating the trace metals by a factor of ~20 (10 mL sample loaded, 0.5 mL eluted), the matrix effects are minimized, and the metal detection limits are increased.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Metal concentrations were quantified upon comparison against external standards prepared in low metal surface seawater, which were processed identically to the samples. Blanks (n=93) were determined by running a complete loading-extraction-elution cycle without seawater (i.e., leaving the sample probe out of any sample or rinse solution, taking up only HEPA-filtered air). These blanks were applied to all samples and reference materials to determine any background metal contributions from the SeaFAST system, ICPMS sample introduction components, or reagent blanks.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Reference materials were included in every analytical run, including the GEOTRACES GS (n=9) and GD (n=3) consensus reference materials, as well as an in-house &amp;quot;daily check&amp;quot; sample of surface seawater collected from the Gulf of Mexico (n=18).&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Details of the reference materials and daily check sample are included with the air blanks in the &amp;quot;QA/QC&amp;quot; summary file &amp;quot;BCO-DMO_SAMW_2021_dTM_QAQC_2024_06_04&amp;quot; (PDF and Excel formats provided; see Supplemental Files section of metadata).&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/award/738132.rdf" xlink:title="OCE-1735436" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1735436 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1735436</gmx:Anchor>
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	Description: &lt;p&gt;station identification number&lt;/p&gt; 
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	Name: Lat
	Units: decimal degrees
	Description: &lt;p&gt;latitude, degrees N&lt;/p&gt; 
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	Name: Lon
	Units: decimal degrees
	Description: &lt;p&gt;longitude, degrees E&lt;/p&gt; 
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	Description: &lt;p&gt;depth, in meters below surface&lt;/p&gt; 
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	Name: Mn
	Units: nanomoles per liter (nmol/L)
	Description: &lt;p&gt;dissolved manganese concentration&lt;/p&gt; 
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	Name: Mn_SD
	Units: nanomoles per liter (nmol/L)
	Description: &lt;p&gt;standard deviation of replicate (n=3) manganese analyses of aliquots of the same sample&lt;/p&gt; 
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	Name: Cd
	Units: picomoles per liter (pmol/L)
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	Name: Cd_SD
	Units: picomoles per liter (pmol/L)
	Description: &lt;p&gt;standard deviation of replicate (n=3) cadmium analyses of aliquots of the same sample&lt;/p&gt; 
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	Name: Co
	Units: picomoles per liter (pmol/L)
	Description: &lt;p&gt;dissolved cobalt concentration&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/933815.rdf
	Name: Co_SD
	Units: picomoles per liter (pmol/L)
	Description: &lt;p&gt;standard deviation of replicate (n=3) cobalt analyses of aliquots of the same sample&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/933816.rdf
	Name: Cu
	Units: nanomoles per liter (nmol/L)
	Description: &lt;p&gt;dissolved copper concentration&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/933817.rdf
	Name: Cu_SD
	Units: nanomoles per liter (nmol/L)
	Description: &lt;p&gt;standard deviation of replicate (n=3) copper analyses of aliquots of the same sample&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/933818.rdf
	Name: Ni
	Units: nanomoles per liter (nmol/L)
	Description: &lt;p&gt;dissolved nickel concentration&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/933819.rdf
	Name: Ni_SD
	Units: nanomoles per liter (nmol/L)
	Description: &lt;p&gt;standard deviation of replicate (n=3) nickel analyses of aliquots of the same sample&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/933820.rdf
	Name: Zn
	Units: nanomoles per liter (nmol/L)
	Description: &lt;p&gt;dissolved zinc concentration&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/933821.rdf
	Name: Zn_SD
	Units: nanomoles per liter (nmol/L)
	Description: &lt;p&gt;standard deviation of replicate (n=3) zinc analyses of aliquots of the same sample&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/933822.rdf
	Name: Pb
	Units: picomoles per liter (pmol/L)
	Description: &lt;p&gt;dissolved lead concentration&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/933823.rdf
	Name: Pb_SD
	Units: picomoles per liter (pmol/L)
	Description: &lt;p&gt;standard deviation of replicate (n=3) lead analyses of aliquots of the same sample&lt;/p&gt; 
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                <gco:CharacterString>&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;To characterize the nutritional values of Southeast Pacific Ocean waters and determine the limiting nutrient(s) in each regime, uncontaminated seawater samples (n=173) were drawn from&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;21 deployments&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;of nine 5-liter (L) Niskin-X bottles&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;suspended from Kevlar line at varying depths between 30 meters (m) and 1050 m.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sampling procedure:&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Niskin-X bottles were carried from a UNOLS trace-metal clean van to the starboard squirt boom, where they were secured by hand to the 1/4-inch Aracom Miniline using stainless steel hardware. The Niskins were attached incrementally so that each Niskin was lowered to its target depth when the deepest Niskin reached its target depth (~1000 m). Niskin bottles were allowed to sit at depth for ~5 minutes before triggered to close using a series of Teflon messengers.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The Niskins were recovered and returned to the trace metal clean van, where they were secured in PVC racks with wedges&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;to keep the caps tight. A series of air lines were connected to the air ports at the top of the Niskins, which were then&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;overpressured (~6-8 psi) with filtered air using a Gast pump.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Unfiltered samples were drawn from each Niskin-X for salinity and major nutrient measurements (ODF). The remainder of the volume was filtered using 47-millimeter (mm), 0.4-micrometer (μm) pore-size Isopore membrane filters&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;installed in Advantec filter cartridges. The filtrate was collected into trace metal-cleaned (acid-washed) 125-milliliter (mL) LDPE bottles for dissolved trace metal concentrations.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Special modifications to sampling operations:&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;1. A small&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;Ronstan Series 60 Single Orbit block (model #7298755) was used instead of a larger metering block, which eliminated the risk of the line jumping the sheave and the need for a deck-mounted snatch block. The block was attached to the starboard squirt boom which allowed for the Niskin-X bottles to be attached to the Aracom line without having to lean too far over the side of the ship.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;2. The Niskin-X bottles were deployed from the starboard side of the ship by securing the Hawboldt winch at an angle, just aft of the ResTech locker. This allowed the Aracom line to be threaded through the Ronstan block mounted to the squirt boom. Even in heavier seas, the Niskin-X bottles were deployed reliably and reproducibly due to this arrangement (which was designed by Matt Durham, UCSD ResTech).&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;3. In order to better estimate the depths at which the bottles were deployed, a miniature temperature and pressure sensor (centi-TD, 5-1500 m; Star Oddi) was secured to each Niskin-X bottle. These sensors recorded the temperature and pressure (i.e., depth) at preset intervals (every 60 seconds). These depths were double-checked by comparing the salinity and nutrient values determined in samples from each Niskin-X bottle against (1) the temperature and salinity values from the ship's CTD sensors and (2) discrete salinity and nutrient concentrations determined from the ship's bottles.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Analytical procedure (dissolved trace metals):&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Filtered seawater samples were acidified to 0.024 M HCl using concentrated Fisher Optima HCl. The samples were allowed to sit for ~6 months to allow complete desorption of metals from the bottle walls, according to Jensen et al. 2020.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Aliquots of acidified seawater (~15 mL) were transferred to 30 mL FEP bottles (Savillex) for UV-oxidation (1.5 hours), according to Milne et al. 2010. The samples were then processed online using a SeaFAST S2 system (Elemental Scientific, Inc.), which includes online buffering with ammonium acetate buffer before passing over a 200-microliter (µL) column filled with Nobias Chelate PA-1. The extraction procedure captures trace metals from 10 mL of buffered seawater while allowing most of the major sea-salt cations (e.g., Na and Mg) to be directed to waste. The column is then eluted with 0.5 mL of 1.6 M HNO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; (Fisher Optima) to release the trace metals, and this eluate is introduced directly to the High Resolution-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (Thermo ELEMENT 2) for analysis. By eliminating the major seasalts and concentrating the trace metals by a factor of ~20 (10 mL sample loaded, 0.5 mL eluted), the matrix effects are minimized, and the metal detection limits are increased.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Metal concentrations were quantified upon comparison against external standards prepared in low metal surface seawater, which were processed identically to the samples. Blanks (n=93) were determined by running a complete loading-extraction-elution cycle without seawater (i.e., leaving the sample probe out of any sample or rinse solution, taking up only HEPA-filtered air). These blanks were applied to all samples and reference materials to determine any background metal contributions from the SeaFAST system, ICPMS sample introduction components, or reagent blanks.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Reference materials were included in every analytical run, including the GEOTRACES GS (n=9) and GD (n=3) consensus reference materials, as well as an in-house &amp;quot;daily check&amp;quot; sample of surface seawater collected from the Gulf of Mexico (n=18).&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Details of the reference materials and daily check sample are included with the air blanks in the &amp;quot;QA/QC&amp;quot; summary file &amp;quot;BCO-DMO_SAMW_2021_dTM_QAQC_2024_06_04&amp;quot; (PDF and Excel formats provided; see Supplemental Files section of metadata).&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Microsoft Excel&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Elemental Scientific, Inc. autosampler control software&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Thermo ELEMENT 2/XR software&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Sample concentrations determined by normalizing all standards and samples to 1 ppb In, and then dividing the signal (cps) by the external calibration curve slope (cps/concentration).&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Cd signal was corrected for any isobaric interferences from Mo oxides, by producing a set of Mo standards and monitoring the mass windows for &amp;quot;Cd-111&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Cd-112&amp;quot; (Mo-95 and Mo-96 + O-16). The slope of signals from the Mo masses (95 and 96) vs the signals from the &amp;quot;Cd&amp;quot; masses (111 and 112) were used to estimate the contribution of MoO to the Cd signal. These estimated contributions were subtracted from the raw 111 and 112 signals before further quantification.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gco:CharacterString>- Imported original file &amp;quot;BCO-DMO SAMW 2021 dTM 2024_06_04.xlsx&amp;quot; into the BCO-DMO system. 
- Renamed fields to comply with BCO-DMO naming conventions.
- Converted the Date_collected field to YYYY-MM-DD format.
- Saved the final file as &amp;quot;933773_v1_rr2004_dissolved_trace_metals.csv&amp;quot;.</gco:CharacterString>
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