http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/934025
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2024-07-29
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Discrete sample measurements of dissolved oxygen, dissolved inorganic carbon, and total alkalinity from US Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP) cruises in 2020 and 2022 (AR45 and AR69-03)
2024-08-30
publication
2024-08-30
revision
Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)
2024-08-30
publication
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.934025.1
Hilary I. Palevsky
Boston College
principalInvestigator
David P. Nicholson
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
principalInvestigator
Kristen E. Fogaren
Boston College
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Palevsky, H. I., Yoder, M., Nicholson, D. P., Fogaren, K. E. (2024) Discrete sample measurements of dissolved oxygen, dissolved inorganic carbon, and total alkalinity from US Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP) cruises in 2020 and 2022 (AR45 and AR69-03). Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2024-08-30 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.934025.1 [access date]
Methods and Sampling: <p>These samples were during cruises onboard the R/V Neil Armstrong to recover and redeploy mooring infrastructure of the international Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP) in 2020 (AR45) and 2022 (AR69-03). The mooring infrastructure maintained on these cruises is located in the eastern Labrador Sea (referred to as the LS line) and western Irminger Sea (referred to as the CF line). Beginning in 2020, the Gases in the Overturning and Horizontal circulation of the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (GOHSNAP) has added moored oxygen sensors to these sections of the OSNAP mooring array. During these cruises, Conductivity Temperature Depth (CTD) casts are conducted to provide data necessary to calibrate the moored sensors (Miller et al., in review), as well as hydrographic data that provide a valuable dataset in and of themselves.</p>
<p>This dataset contains dissolved oxygen, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and total alkalinity (TA) measurements from discrete water samples collected from Niskin bottles on the CTD rosette. Additional context about the cruises and all cruise operations can be found in the cruise reports for AR45 (2020) and AR69-03 (2022). We note that the 2020 cruise was conducted in the context of operational and cruise staffing limitations imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, which is reflected in the lower number of discrete samples collected and in modifications to the procedure for dissolved oxygen sample analysis.</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1947829 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1947829
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1947970 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1947970
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1947567 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1947567
completed
Hilary I. Palevsky
Boston College
617-552-4936
Boston College Dept of Earth and Environmental Sciences 140 Commonwealth Ave
Chestnut Hill
MA
02467
USA
palevsky@bc.edu
pointOfContact
David P. Nicholson
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
508-289-3547
266 Woods Hole Rd. MS#25
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
dnicholson@whoi.edu
pointOfContact
Kristen E. Fogaren
Boston College
Boston College Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences
kristen.fogaren@bc.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
Cruise_ID
Station_ID
Niskin_ID
Year_UTC
Month_UTC
Day_UTC
ISO_Date_UTC
Latitude
Longitude
CTDPRES
Depth
CTDTEMP_ITS90
CTDTEMP_flag
CTDSAL_PSS78
CTDSAL_flag
CTDOXY
CTDOXY_flag
Oxygen1
Oxygen1_flag
Oxygen2
Oxygen2_flag
Oxygen3
Oxygen3_flag
DIC
DIC_flag
TA
TA_flag
Apollo SciTech AS-ALK2 TA Analyzer
Apollo SciTech AS-C6L DIC Analyzer
Custom-built Winkler dissolved oxygen titrator
theme
None, User defined
Cruise identfier
station
Niskin bottle number
year
month of year
day of month
date
latitude
longitude
water pressure
depth
water temperature at measurement depth
flag
salinity
dissolved Oxygen
dissolved inorganic Carbon
total alkalinity (TA)
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
Apollo SciTech AS-ALK2 total alkalinity titrator
Apollo SciTech AS-C6L Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) analyzer
Winkler Oxygen Titrator
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
AR69-03
AR45
service
Deployment Activity
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
Collaborative Research: Gases in the Overturning and Horizontal circulation of the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (GOHSNAP)
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/897705
Collaborative Research: Gases in the Overturning and Horizontal circulation of the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (GOHSNAP)
<p><strong>NSF Award Abstract:</strong><br />
Every winter, frigid winds blowing eastward from the North American continent cool the surface waters of the Labrador Sea, which is situated between Canada and Greenland. As the ocean cools, oxygen and carbon dioxide are mixed from the atmosphere into a thick layer of water that ultimately spreads southward to fill a large volume of the North Atlantic and beyond. The presence of this water mass prevents the North Atlantic anywhere from becoming completely devoid of oxygen. Vertical mixing in the Labrador Sea also redistributes carbon dioxide into the deep ocean, where it can remain for hundreds of years, preventing it from contributing to the greenhouse effect. Yet, the processes governing the uptake of gases by the ocean are not well understood or quantified. Given that, over the last century, the ocean has become steadily more depleted in oxygen while also absorbing a large fraction of anthropogenic carbon dioxide, observing gas exchange processes is essential for understanding and predicting the evolution of the ocean and climate system. The circulation of the Labrador Sea has been monitored since 2014 with an array of instrumented cables extending from the seafloor to nearly the ocean surface. This project adds gas sensors to this array to investigate the rates and processes governing gas exchange. Through this project, a student and postdoc will be trained in interdisciplinary oceanography with a rich network of international collaborators. Responding to the need to increase public ocean literacy, the project scientists will work with University of Rhode Island’s Inner Space Center to broadcast live, interactive science sessions to educators at partner high schools and will follow-up with in-person science cafés at three participating schools.</p>
<p>Given the unique role of the Labrador Sea in providing a pathway for oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) to enter the intermediate depths of the ocean, a quantification and mechanistic understanding of the gas uptake and transport in the basin is a leading scientific priority. Oxygenation of Labrador Sea water prevents large-scale hypoxia from developing anywhere in the Atlantic Ocean and anthropogenic CO2 storage in the basin is the highest in the global ocean. The assumption that, in the Atlantic Ocean, O2 and CO2 uptake and their variability are tied to the dynamics of heat loss and the overturning circulation pervades the literature but has never been evaluated on the basis of direct observations. Thus, GOHSNAP (Gases in the Overturning and Horizontal circulation of the Subpolar North Atlantic Program) addresses this gap and the urgent need to better understand interactions between gas uptake, transport, and the overturning circulation. Specifically, this program will provide a continuous 2-year record of the trans-basin, full water column transport of O2 across the southern boundary of the Labrador Sea, leveraging the mooring infrastructure of the US-lead, international Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP). The addition of O2 sensors at various depths on this array, supplemented by observations collected by autonomous platforms will allow for the quantification of O2 export from the Labrador Sea. The data will further be used to empirically model carbon concentrations and estimate carbon export. Proposed instruments will also measure the mixed layer O2 and pCO2 for two winters, from which air-sea gas exchange will be calculated and compared against analogous observations in the convective interior of the Labrador Sea.</p>
<p>This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.</p>
GOHSNAP
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
-51.32417
-27.7048
58.89642
62.62674
2020-06-30
2022-09-22
Subpolar North Atlantic
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Discrete sample measurements of dissolved oxygen, dissolved inorganic carbon, and total alkalinity from US Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP) cruises in 2020 and 2022 (AR45 and AR69-03)
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936074.rdf
Name: Cruise_ID
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Cruise Identification (AR45 or AR6903)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936075.rdf
Name: Station_ID
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Station Identification (equivalent to Cast Number for this cruise)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936076.rdf
Name: Niskin_ID
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Unique Niskin bottle number from the CTD rosette</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936077.rdf
Name: Year_UTC
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Calendar Year in UTC</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936078.rdf
Name: Month_UTC
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Calendar Month in UTC</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936079.rdf
Name: Day_UTC
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Calendar Day in UTC</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936080.rdf
Name: ISO_Date_UTC
Units: unitless
Description: <p>ISO notation of date (UTC timezone)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936081.rdf
Name: Latitude
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Latitude in decimal degrees North</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936082.rdf
Name: Longitude
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Longitude in decimal degrees East (negative for western hemisphere)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936083.rdf
Name: CTDPRES
Units: dbar
Description: <p>Hydrostatic pressure recorded from CTD at the depth where the sample was taken</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936084.rdf
Name: Depth
Units: meters
Description: <p>Depth at which sample was taken</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936085.rdf
Name: CTDTEMP_ITS90
Units: degrees Celsius
Description: <p>In situ temperature recorded from CTD on the ITS-90 scale</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936086.rdf
Name: CTDTEMP_flag
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality control flag; all data processed by McRaven (2022) marked as 2</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936087.rdf
Name: CTDSAL_PSS78
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Calibrated salinity (Practical Salinity Scale of 1978) calculated from conductivity recorded with CTD</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936088.rdf
Name: CTDSAL_flag
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality control flag; all data processed by McRaven (2022) marked as 2</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936089.rdf
Name: CTDOXY
Units: umol/kg
Description: <p>Calibrated dissolved oxygen content from oxygen sensor mounted on the CTD</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936090.rdf
Name: CTDOXY_flag
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality control flag; see data documentation with this and Fogaren et al. dataset</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936091.rdf
Name: Oxygen1
Units: umol/kg
Description: <p>Dissolved oxygen content measured from discrete-bottle-based Winkler titration by OOI program</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936092.rdf
Name: Oxygen1_flag
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality control flag; see data documentation with this dataset</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936093.rdf
Name: Oxygen2
Units: umol/kg
Description: <p>Dissolved oxygen content measured from discrete-bottle-based Winkler titration by this project team</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936094.rdf
Name: Oxygen2_flag
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality control flag; see data documentation with this dataset</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936095.rdf
Name: Oxygen3
Units: umol/kg
Description: <p>Dissolved oxygen content measured from discrete-bottle-based Winkler titration by this project team</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936096.rdf
Name: Oxygen3_flag
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality control flag; see data documentation with this dataset</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936097.rdf
Name: DIC
Units: umol/kg
Description: <p>Total dissolved inorganic carbon content</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936098.rdf
Name: DIC_flag
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality control flag; see data documentation with this dataset</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936099.rdf
Name: TA
Units: umol/kg
Description: <p>Total alkalinity content</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936100.rdf
Name: TA_flag
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality control flag; see data documentation with this dataset</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
56000
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/164fbdc8-1665-4448-a64b-5e7c661debc1/content
download
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.934025.1
download
onLine
dataset
<p>These samples were during cruises onboard the R/V Neil Armstrong to recover and redeploy mooring infrastructure of the international Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP) in 2020 (AR45) and 2022 (AR69-03). The mooring infrastructure maintained on these cruises is located in the eastern Labrador Sea (referred to as the LS line) and western Irminger Sea (referred to as the CF line). Beginning in 2020, the Gases in the Overturning and Horizontal circulation of the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (GOHSNAP) has added moored oxygen sensors to these sections of the OSNAP mooring array. During these cruises, Conductivity Temperature Depth (CTD) casts are conducted to provide data necessary to calibrate the moored sensors (Miller et al., in review), as well as hydrographic data that provide a valuable dataset in and of themselves.</p>
<p>This dataset contains dissolved oxygen, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and total alkalinity (TA) measurements from discrete water samples collected from Niskin bottles on the CTD rosette. Additional context about the cruises and all cruise operations can be found in the cruise reports for AR45 (2020) and AR69-03 (2022). We note that the 2020 cruise was conducted in the context of operational and cruise staffing limitations imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, which is reflected in the lower number of discrete samples collected and in modifications to the procedure for dissolved oxygen sample analysis.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p><em>Dissolved Oxygen:</em></p>
<p>Samples were collected into volume-calibrated flasks and preserved for Winkler dissolved oxygen analysis following standard protocols (Langdon, 2010). For AR69-03, in 2022, all samples were titrated onboard the ship within 24-48 hours of collection using a custom-built Winkler titrator with automated potentiometric end point detection (control software available here: Nicholson et al., 2023). For AR45, in 2020, COVID-19 pandemic restrictions precluded the ability to conduct titrations onboard the ship and samples were instead preserved following the procedures of Zhang et al. 2002 and titrated on land at the end of the cruise.</p>
<p>Precision of the sample collection and analysis procedure is determined by agreement between replicate measurements from the same Niskin bottle. Due to the need to preserve samples for land-based analysis, all samples from AR45 were collected in triplicate. After removal of measurements where outlier data indicated that samples had not been successfully preserved (4 of 63 total samples), median agreement among replicates was 0.15% (0.4 μmol/kg). For AR69-03, all samples were collected either in duplicate or in triplicate and median agreement among replicates was 0.11% (0.3 μmol/kg). In some cases, larger discrepancies among replicates reflect errors in sample collecting and/or preservation; these results are reported for completeness but are flagged as questionable based on outlier analysis conducted in using these samples to calibrate the SBE43 oxygen sensor included in the ship’s sensor package (see Related Dataset: Fogaren and Palevsky, 2024).</p>
<p>Accuracy of sample measurements depends on standardization of the sodium thiosulfate titrant based on a reference standard. The sodium thiosulfate titrant used on each cruise was determined by standardization with a 0.01N potassium iodate reference solution from Ocean Scientific International Ltd (OSIL). Lab-prepared potassium iodate standards, measured routinely throughout AR69-03 and before, during, and after land-based analysis of the AR45 samples to verify titration accuracy and stability, were verified and adjusted by measurements against the OSIL standard.</p>
<p><em>Dissolved Inorganic Carbon and Total Alkalinity:</em></p>
<p>Samples were collected for dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) analysis following standard protocols (Dickson et al., 2007). Samples were collected into either 250 mL or 500 mL borosilicate glass bottles and preserved with saturated mercuric chloride (100 μL in 250 mL bottles, 200 μL in 500 mL bottles) for later analysis.</p>
<p>Samples were analyzed at the Boston College Marine Biogeochemistry Laboratory. DIC was analyzed using an Apollo SciTech AS-C6L DIC Analyzer and TA was analyzed using an Apollo SciTech AS-ALK2 TA Analyzer. Both DIC and TA were measured from each sample bottle. All DIC measurements were made on the day the bottle was opened for analysis, and TA measurements were made within the same week. DIC and TA instruments were calibrated daily and monitored throughout each analysis session by measuring Certified Reference Materials (Andrew Dickson, UCSD).</p>
<p>Analytical replicates were measured for all samples such that after analytical outliers (sigma) were removed, all samples for both DIC and TA retained at least two replicate measurements (median number of replicates for DIC = 3; median number of replicates for TA = 4). Analytical precision was determined for each sample as the standard deviation of analytical replicates. Mean analytical precision for all DIC samples in this dataset is 0.6 µmol/kg. Mean analytical precision for all TA samples in this dataset is 1.8 µmol/kg. Individual samples are flagged as questionable (QC flag = 3) if the analytical precision is &gt;8 µmol/kg. Individual samples for DIC are also flagged as questionable (QC flag = 3) if CRMs run prior and subsequent to the sample in question differ by &gt;8 µmol/kg.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
* Merged data from cruise AR45 and AR69-03 into 1 dataset
* Added cruise id to dataset
* Added ISO date notation to dataset
* Converted missing value flag 9 and missing identifier -999 to blank
Specified by BCO-DMO Data Managers
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
Apollo SciTech AS-ALK2 TA Analyzer
Apollo SciTech AS-ALK2 TA Analyzer
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Apollo SciTech AS-ALK2 TA Analyzer Instrument Name: Apollo SciTech AS-ALK2 total alkalinity titrator Instrument Short Name:Apollo SciTech AS-ALK2 Instrument Description: An automated acid-base titrator for use in aquatic carbon dioxide parameter analysis. The titrator provides standardisation and sample analysis, using the Gran titration procedure for alkalinity determination of seawater and brackish waters. It is designed for both shipboard and land based laboratory use. The precision of the instrument is 0.1 percent or higher, and sample volumes may range from 10-25 ml. Titration takes approximately 8 minutes per sample, and the repeatability is within plus or minus 1-2 micromoles per kg.
Apollo SciTech AS-C6L DIC Analyzer
Apollo SciTech AS-C6L DIC Analyzer
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Apollo SciTech AS-C6L DIC Analyzer Instrument Name: Apollo SciTech AS-C6L Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) analyzer Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: An instrument designed for the analysis of dissolved inorganic carbon in samples from various aquatic environments. It comprises of a laser-based CO2 detector (LI-7815), a digital syringe pump, a mass flow controller, CO2 stripping reactor, an electronic cooling system and a computer communication assembly (RS-485, USB). The AS-C6L supersedes the earlier AS-C3 model, which used non-dispersive infra-red CO2 detection (LI-7000, discontinued). The AS-C6L improves on the AS-C3 by incorporating a multi-sampler of one set of standards plus 8 samples, and uses improved Apollo SciTech software. The AS-C6L is suitable for use in either shipboard or land-based laboratories. It maintains a precision of +/-0.1 % for seawater (or +/-2 umol/kg), enables sample volumes ranging from 0.5 - 3.5 ml per analysis, and an analytical rate of approximately 3 minutes.
Custom-built Winkler dissolved oxygen titrator
Custom-built Winkler dissolved oxygen titrator
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Custom-built Winkler dissolved oxygen titrator PI Supplied Instrument Description:Custom-built Winkler dissolved oxygen titrator: Documentation and code developed and used for oxygen titrations (Nicholson et al., 2023: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8048208)
Instrument Name: Winkler Oxygen Titrator Instrument Short Name:Winkler Titrator Instrument Description: A Winkler Oxygen Titration system is used for determining concentration of dissolved oxygen in seawater. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB12/
Cruise: AR69-03
AR69-03
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Neil Armstrong
vessel
AR69-03
Fiamma Straneo
University of California-San Diego Scripps
https://cchdo.ucsd.edu/cruise/33VB20220819
Report describing AR69-03
Cruise: AR45
AR45
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Neil Armstrong
vessel
AR45
Robert S. Pickart
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
https://doi.org/10.35090/gatech/66767
Report describing AR45
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Neil Armstrong
vessel