http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/937302
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2024-09-12
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Concentrations of trace metals and dissolved macronutrients and CTD sensor data from four cruises in the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) region in March, May, August and November 2019
2024-09-26
publication
2024-09-26
revision
Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)
2024-09-27
publication
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.937302.1
Peter N. Sedwick
Old Dominion University
principalInvestigator
Rodney J. Johnson
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Sedwick, P. N., Sohst, B., Johnson, R. J., Williams, T. E. (2024) Concentrations of trace metals and dissolved macronutrients and CTD sensor data from four cruises in the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) region in March, May, August and November 2019. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2024-09-26 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.937302.1 [access date]
BAIT Bottle Data from Trace-metal CTD Casts Dataset Description: Methods and Sampling: <p>Data are from samples collected during the four cruises of the BAIT project (all were piggybacked on the regular BATS program cruises), EN631, AE1909, AE1921, AE1930.</p>
<p>Water-column samples for trace metal measurements were collected from the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site (31°40'N, 64°10'W) and adjacent BATS spatial stations during cruises in March (spring), May (early summer), August (late summer), and November (fall) 2019 aboard R/V Atlantic Explorer and R/V Endeavor. The seawater samples and hydrographic data were collected using a trace-metal clean conductivity-temperature-depth sensor (SBE 19 plus, SeaBird Electronics) mounted on a custom-built trace-metal clean carousel (SeaBird Electronics) fitted with custom-modified 5-liter (L) Teflon-lined external-closure Niskin-X samplers (General Oceanics) and deployed on an Amsteel non-metallic line. On the August cruise, we also collected near-surface samples (~0.3 meters (m) depth) in a Niskin-X sampler deployed from an inflatable dinghy ~500 m upwind of the research vessel, to avoid contamination from the ship.</p>
<p>After recovery, the seawater samples were filtered through pre-cleaned 0.2-micrometer (μm) pore AcroPak Supor filter capsules (Pall) using filtered nitrogen gas inside a shipboard clean laboratory (Sedwick et al., 2020, 2022). For analysis of dissolved iron (DFe) and dissolved manganese (DMn), the seawater filtrate was collected in acid-cleaned 125-milliliter (mL) low-density polyethylene (LDPE) bottles (Nalgene) and acidified to pH 1.7 post-cruise by addition of 6 M ultrapure hydrochloric acid (Fisher Optima). For analysis of dissolved aluminum (DAl), the seawater filtrate was collected in acid-cleaned 100 mL LDPE bottles (Bel-Art) and acidified to pH 1.7 post-cruise by addition of 6 M ultrapure hydrochloric acid (Fisher Optima). For dissolved macronutrient determinations, 40 mL of seawater filtrate was collected in sample-rinsed 50 mL polypropylene Falcon tubes (Becton Dickinson) and then stored at -20 degrees Celsius (°C) until analysis. For analysis of soluble iron (sFe) and soluble manganese (sMn), the 0.2 µm seawater filtrate was subsequently filtered through 0.02 µm Anotop syringe filters (Whatman) that were pre-rinsed with dilute hydrochloric acid followed by sample, using a peristaltic pump (Ussher et al. 2010); the resulting 0.02 µm filtrate was stored in acid-cleaned 60 mL LDPE bottles (Nalgene) and acidified to pH 1.7 post-cruise by addition of 6 M ultrapure hydrochloric acid (Fisher Optima).</p>
<p>Concentrations of DFe, sFe, DMn and sMn were determined in the acidified seawater filtrate using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, Thermo Fisher Scientific ElementXR), with in-line separation-preconcentration (Elemental Scientific SeaFAST SP3) modified after Lagerström et al. (2013). Calibration standards were prepared in low-analyte concentration filtered seawater for which initial concentrations were determined using the method of standard additions. Calibration standards were introduced using the same in-line separation-preconcentration procedure as the seawater filtrate samples, with yttrium was used as an internal standard for all samples except where indicated. Analytical blank concentrations were assessed by applying the in-line separation-preconcentration procedure including all reagents and loading air in place of the seawater filtrate sample ("air blank"), yielding mean blank concentrations that were not statistically different from zero: -0.006 ± 0.0178 nanomolar (nM) for DFe (n = 62), and -0.007 ± 0.010 nM for DMn (n = 46). Analytical limits of detection, defined as the concentrations equivalent to three times the standard deviation on the mean blank, were 0.054 nM DFe and 0.030 nM for DMn. These same blanks and limits of detection are assumed to apply to sFe and sMn, respectively. Mean concentrations of multiple, separate-day determinations of the GEOTRACES GSP seawater consensus material were 0.177 ± 0.030 nM DFe (n = 10) and 0.795 ± 0.023 nM DMn (n = 13), which are within the analytical uncertainties (defined by ± one standard deviation on the mean) of the current consensus concentrations of 0.155 ± 0.045 nM and 0.778 ± 0.034 nM, respectively. Analytical precision at the concentration levels of the GSP consensus material, expressed as ± one relative standard deviation on the mean, are ± 17% for DFe and ± 2.9% for DMn.</p>
<p>Concentrations of DAl were determined in the acidified sewater filtrate using flow injection analysis with fluorometric detection, without in-line preconcentration, following the method of Resing &amp; Measures (1994). Multiple, separate-day determinations of one of the samples of lowest concentration yielded a mean DAl concentration of 3.19 ± 0.68 nM (n = 12), indicating an estimated analytical uncertainty of ± 21% (expressed as ± one relative standard deviation on the mean). Multiple, separate-day analyses of the GEOTRACES GSP seawater consensus material yielded a mean DAl concentration of 1.52 ± 0.28 nM (n = 6), although there is so far no consensus concentration available for this material. In the absence of a reagent blank for this direct flow injection analysis method, a conservative estimate of the analytical limit of detection is three times the standard deviation on the mean DAl concentration of the low-concentration GSP seawater consensus material, which yields 0.84 nM.</p>
<p>Concentrations of the dissolved inorganic macronutrients nitrate+nitrite (NO3-+NO2-), orthophosphate (PO43-) and reactive silicate (Si) were determined at the Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences using continuous flow analysis following the protocols of the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS, 2023). Limits of detection, defined as the concentrations equivalent to three times the standard deviation on the mean baseline signal, are 0.03 micromolar (µM) for NO3-+NO2-, PO43- and Si. Accuracy was verified by the analysis of the KANSO seawater certified reference material during each analytical run.</p>
<p>In-situ temperature was measured using a conductivity-temperature-depth sensor (SBE 19 plus, SeaBird Scientific), with data processed using the SBE Data Processing software. Salinity was calculated from in-situ conductivity, as measured using a conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) sensor (SBE 19 plus, SeaBird Electronics), with data processed using the SBE Data Processing software. In-situ chlorophyll fluorescence was measured using a WET Labs ECO-FL(RT)D deep chlorophyll fluorometer with 125 micrograms per liter (μg L-1) range mounted on the CTD rosette, with data processed using the SBE Data Processing software. In-situ dissolved oxygen concentration was measured using an SBE 43 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor mounted on the CTD rosette, with data processed using the SBE Data Processing software.</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1829833 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1829833
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1829844 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1829844
completed
Peter N. Sedwick
Old Dominion University
757-683-4936
Ocean, Earth & Atmospheric Sciences 4600 Elkhorn Ave.
Norfolk
VA
23529
USA
psedwick@odu.edu
pointOfContact
Rodney J. Johnson
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
441-297-1880
7 Biological Station
St. Georges
GE 01
Bermuda
rod.johnson@bios.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
Cruise_ID
Station
Sample_ID
Pressure
Depth
Lat
Long
ISO_DateTime_UTC
Date_UTC
Time_UTC
Temp
Sal
Chl
O2
Sigma_theta
DFe
DFe_Flag
sFe
sFe_Flag
DMn
DMn_Flag
sMn
sMn_Flag
DAl
DAl_Flag
NO3_plus_NO2
NO3_plus_NO2_Flag
PO4
PO4_Flag
Si
Si_Flag
continuous flow analysis
SBE 19 plus (SeaBird Electronics)
Niskin-X samplers (General Oceanics)
SBE 43 dissolved oxygen sensor (SeaBird Scientific)
SeaFAST SP3
ElementXR ICP-MS (Thermo Fisher Scientific)
ECO-FL(RT)D deep chlorophyll fluorometer (WET Labs)
theme
None, User defined
Cruise identfier
station
sample identification
water pressure
depth
latitude
longitude
ISO_DateTime_UTC
date
time of day
water temperature at measurement depth
salinity
chl_a_derived
dissolved Oxygen
sigma-theta
Iron
quality flag
Manganese
Aluminum
nitrate plus nitrite
phosphate
Silicate, Si(OH)4, silicic acid
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
Continuous Flow Analyzer
CTD Sea-Bird
Flow Injection Analyzer
Niskin bottle
Sea-Bird SBE 43 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor
SeaFAST Automated Preconcentration System
Thermo Scientific ELEMENT XR high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer
Wet Labs ECO-AFL/FL Fluorometer
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
EN631
AE1909
AE1921
AE1930
service
Deployment Activity
Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series Study region, waters of the western Subtropical North Atlantic Gyre (ca. 30°N-33°N, 62°W-65°W)
Western North Atlantic; Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series Study region, waters of the western Subtropical North Atlantic Gyre (ca. 30°N-33°N, 62°W-65°W)
place
Locations
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
U.S. GEOTRACES
http://www.geotraces.org/
U.S. GEOTRACES
GEOTRACES is a SCOR sponsored program; and funding for program infrastructure development is provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation.
GEOTRACES gained momentum following a special symposium, S02: Biogeochemical cycling of trace elements and isotopes in the ocean and applications to constrain contemporary marine processes (GEOSECS II), at a 2003 Goldschmidt meeting convened in Japan. The GEOSECS II acronym referred to the Geochemical Ocean Section Studies To determine full water column distributions of selected trace elements and isotopes, including their concentration, chemical speciation, and physical form, along a sufficient number of sections in each ocean basin to establish the principal relationships between these distributions and with more traditional hydrographic parameters;
* To evaluate the sources, sinks, and internal cycling of these species and thereby characterize more completely the physical, chemical and biological processes regulating their distributions, and the sensitivity of these processes to global change; and
* To understand the processes that control the concentrations of geochemical species used for proxies of the past environment, both in the water column and in the substrates that reflect the water column.
GEOTRACES will be global in scope, consisting of ocean sections complemented by regional process studies. Sections and process studies will combine fieldwork, laboratory experiments and modelling. Beyond realizing the scientific objectives identified above, a natural outcome of this work will be to build a community of marine scientists who understand the processes regulating trace element cycles sufficiently well to exploit this knowledge reliably in future interdisciplinary studies.
Expand "Projects" below for information about and data resulting from individual US GEOTRACES research projects.
U.S. GEOTRACES
largerWorkCitation
program
NSFGEO-NERC: Collaborative Research: Using Time-series Field Observations to Constrain an Ocean Iron Model
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/822807
NSFGEO-NERC: Collaborative Research: Using Time-series Field Observations to Constrain an Ocean Iron Model
<p><strong><em>NSF and NERC Award Abstract:</em></strong><br />
Iron is an essential nutrient for the growth of phytoplankton in the oceans. As such, iron plays key roles in regulating marine primary production and the cycling of carbon. It is thus important that models of ocean biology and chemistry consider iron, in order to explore past, present and future variations in marine productivity and the role of the ocean in the global carbon cycle. In this joint project involving researchers in the U.S. and the U.K., supported by both NSF and the Natural Environment Research Council (U.K.), field data from the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) region will be combined with an established, state-of-the-art ocean biogeochemical model. By leveraging the known seasonal-scale physical, chemical and biological changes in the BATS region, the oceanographic context provided by the BATS core data, and an existing model of the regional physical circulation, the proposed study will yield process-related information that is of general applicability to the open ocean. In particular, the proposed research will focus on understanding the atmospheric input, biological uptake, regeneration and scavenging removal of dissolved iron in the oceanic water column, which have emerged as major uncertainties in the ocean iron cycle. The project will include significant educational and training contributions at the K-12, undergraduate, graduate and postdoctoral levels, as well as public outreach efforts that aim to explain the research and its importance.</p>
<p>The ability of ocean models to simulate iron remains crude, owing to an insufficient understanding of the mechanisms that drive variability in dissolved iron, particularly the involvement of iron-binding ligands, colloids and particles in the surface input, biological uptake, regeneration and scavenging of dissolved iron in the upper ocean. Basin-scale data produced by the GEOTRACES program provide an important resource for testing and improving models and, by extension, our mechanistic understanding of the ocean iron cycle. However such data provide only quasi-synoptic 'snapshots', which limits their utility in isolating and identifying the processes that control dissolved iron in the upper ocean. The proposed research aims to provide mechanistic insight into these governing processes by combining time-series data from the BATS region with numerical modeling experiments. Specifically, seasonally resolved data on the vertical (upper 2,000 meters) and lateral (tens of kilometers) distributions of particulate, dissolved, colloidal, soluble and ligand-bound iron species will be obtained from the chemical analysis of water column samples collected during five cruises, spanning a full annual cycle, shared with the monthly BATS program cruises. These data, along with ancillary data from the BATS program, will be used to test and inform numerical modeling experiments, and thus derive an improved understanding of the mechanisms that control the distribution and dynamics of dissolved iron in the oceanic water column.</p>
<p>This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.</p>
<p>This is a project jointly funded by the National Science Foundation’s Directorate for Geosciences (NSF/GEO) and the National Environment Research Council (NERC) of the United Kingdom (UK). </p>
BAIT
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series Study region, waters of the western Subtropical North Atlantic Gyre (ca. 30°N-33°N, 62°W-65°W); Western North Atlantic; Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series Study region, waters of the western Subtropical North Atlantic Gyre (ca. 30°N-33°N, 62°W-65°W)
-64.815
-63.58
31.177
32.151
2019-03-11
2019-11-21
Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series Study region, waters of the western Subtropical North Atlantic Gyre (ca. 30°N-33°N, 62°W-65°W)
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Concentrations of trace metals and dissolved macronutrients and CTD sensor data from four cruises in the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) region in March, May, August and November 2019
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/937344.rdf
Name: Cruise_ID
Units: unitless
Description: <p>UNOLS/BAIT/GEOTRACES cruise identifier</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/937345.rdf
Name: Station
Units: unitless
Description: <p>hydrocast station identifier</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/937346.rdf
Name: Sample_ID
Units: unitless
Description: <p>unique identifier for each water-column sample</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/937347.rdf
Name: Pressure
Units: decibars
Description: <p>in-situ pressure from CTD</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/937348.rdf
Name: Depth
Units: meters (m)
Description: <p>sample collection depth estimated from pressure</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/937349.rdf
Name: Lat
Units: decimal degrees North
Description: <p>hydrocast station latitude of recovery</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/937350.rdf
Name: Long
Units: decimal degrees East
Description: <p>hydrocast station longitude of recovery</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/937351.rdf
Name: ISO_DateTime_UTC
Units: unitless
Description: <p>hydrocast recovery date and time (UTC) in ISO 8601 format</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/937352.rdf
Name: Date_UTC
Units: unitless
Description: <p>hydrocast recovery date (UTC)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/937353.rdf
Name: Time_UTC
Units: unitless
Description: <p>hydrocast recovery time (UTC)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/937354.rdf
Name: Temp
Units: degrees Celsius
Description: <p>in-situ temperature from CTD</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/937355.rdf
Name: Sal
Units: unitless
Description: <p>salinity calculated from CTD conductivity</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/937356.rdf
Name: Chl
Units: milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m^3)
Description: <p>chlorophyll estimated from in-situ fluorescence</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/937357.rdf
Name: O2
Units: micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)
Description: <p>in-situ dissolved oxygen concentration from CTD</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/937358.rdf
Name: Sigma_theta
Units: unitless
Description: <p>density calculated as sigma-theta</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/937359.rdf
Name: DFe
Units: nanomoles per liter (nM)
Description: <p>dissolved iron (<0.2 micrometers) concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/937360.rdf
Name: DFe_Flag
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Data quality flag for DFe.</p>
<p>Descriptions:<br />
1 = good;<br />
2 = likely contaminated or questionable;<br />
3 = questionable because analysis used scandium as an internal standard;<br />
4 = not determined;<br />
5 = below detection.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/937361.rdf
Name: sFe
Units: nanomoles per liter (nM)
Description: <p>soluble iron (<0.02 micrometers) concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/937362.rdf
Name: sFe_Flag
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Data quality flag for sFe.</p>
<p>Descriptions:<br />
1 = good;<br />
2 = likely contaminated or questionable;<br />
3 = questionable because analysis used scandium as an internal standard;<br />
4 = not determined;<br />
5 = below detection.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/937363.rdf
Name: DMn
Units: nanomoles per liter (nM)
Description: <p>dissolved manganese (<0.2 micrometers) concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/937364.rdf
Name: DMn_Flag
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Data quality flag for DMn.</p>
<p>Descriptions:<br />
1 = good;<br />
2 = likely contaminated or questionable;<br />
3 = questionable because analysis used scandium as an internal standard;<br />
4 = not determined;<br />
5 = below detection.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/937365.rdf
Name: sMn
Units: nanomoles per liter (nM)
Description: <p>soluble manganese (<0.02 micrometers) concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/937366.rdf
Name: sMn_Flag
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Data quality flag for sMn.</p>
<p>Descriptions:<br />
1 = good;<br />
2 = likely contaminated or questionable;<br />
3 = questionable because analysis used scandium as an internal standard;<br />
4 = not determined;<br />
5 = below detection.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/937367.rdf
Name: DAl
Units: nanomoles per liter (nM)
Description: <p>dissolved aluminum (<0.2 micrometers) concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/937368.rdf
Name: DAl_Flag
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Data quality flag for DAl.</p>
<p>Descriptions:<br />
1 = good;<br />
2 = likely contaminated or questionable;<br />
3 = questionable because analysis used scandium as an internal standard;<br />
4 = not determined;<br />
5 = below detection.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/937369.rdf
Name: NO3_plus_NO2
Units: micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)
Description: <p>dissolved nitrate+nitrite concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/937370.rdf
Name: NO3_plus_NO2_Flag
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Data quality flag for NO3_plus_NO2.</p>
<p>Descriptions:<br />
1 = good;<br />
2 = likely contaminated or questionable;<br />
3 = questionable because analysis used scandium as an internal standard;<br />
4 = not determined;<br />
5 = below detection.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/937371.rdf
Name: PO4
Units: micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)
Description: <p>dissolved orthophosphate concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/937372.rdf
Name: PO4_Flag
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Data quality flag for PO4.</p>
<p>Descriptions:<br />
1 = good;<br />
2 = likely contaminated or questionable;<br />
3 = questionable because analysis used scandium as an internal standard;<br />
4 = not determined;<br />
5 = below detection.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/937373.rdf
Name: Si
Units: micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)
Description: <p>dissolved reactive silicate concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/937374.rdf
Name: Si_Flag
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Data quality flag for Si.</p>
<p>Descriptions:<br />
1 = good;<br />
2 = likely contaminated or questionable;<br />
3 = questionable because analysis used scandium as an internal standard;<br />
4 = not determined;<br />
5 = below detection.</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
29453
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/1aed9ebb-3a6d-4238-9043-09fa2a2b6b60/content
download
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.937302.1
download
onLine
dataset
<p>Data are from samples collected during the four cruises of the BAIT project (all were piggybacked on the regular BATS program cruises), EN631, AE1909, AE1921, AE1930.</p>
<p>Water-column samples for trace metal measurements were collected from the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site (31°40'N, 64°10'W) and adjacent BATS spatial stations during cruises in March (spring), May (early summer), August (late summer), and November (fall) 2019 aboard R/V Atlantic Explorer and R/V Endeavor. The seawater samples and hydrographic data were collected using a trace-metal clean conductivity-temperature-depth sensor (SBE 19 plus, SeaBird Electronics) mounted on a custom-built trace-metal clean carousel (SeaBird Electronics) fitted with custom-modified 5-liter (L) Teflon-lined external-closure Niskin-X samplers (General Oceanics) and deployed on an Amsteel non-metallic line. On the August cruise, we also collected near-surface samples (~0.3 meters (m) depth) in a Niskin-X sampler deployed from an inflatable dinghy ~500 m upwind of the research vessel, to avoid contamination from the ship.</p>
<p>After recovery, the seawater samples were filtered through pre-cleaned 0.2-micrometer (μm) pore AcroPak Supor filter capsules (Pall) using filtered nitrogen gas inside a shipboard clean laboratory (Sedwick et al., 2020, 2022). For analysis of dissolved iron (DFe) and dissolved manganese (DMn), the seawater filtrate was collected in acid-cleaned 125-milliliter (mL) low-density polyethylene (LDPE) bottles (Nalgene) and acidified to pH 1.7 post-cruise by addition of 6 M ultrapure hydrochloric acid (Fisher Optima). For analysis of dissolved aluminum (DAl), the seawater filtrate was collected in acid-cleaned 100 mL LDPE bottles (Bel-Art) and acidified to pH 1.7 post-cruise by addition of 6 M ultrapure hydrochloric acid (Fisher Optima). For dissolved macronutrient determinations, 40 mL of seawater filtrate was collected in sample-rinsed 50 mL polypropylene Falcon tubes (Becton Dickinson) and then stored at -20 degrees Celsius (°C) until analysis. For analysis of soluble iron (sFe) and soluble manganese (sMn), the 0.2 µm seawater filtrate was subsequently filtered through 0.02 µm Anotop syringe filters (Whatman) that were pre-rinsed with dilute hydrochloric acid followed by sample, using a peristaltic pump (Ussher et al. 2010); the resulting 0.02 µm filtrate was stored in acid-cleaned 60 mL LDPE bottles (Nalgene) and acidified to pH 1.7 post-cruise by addition of 6 M ultrapure hydrochloric acid (Fisher Optima).</p>
<p>Concentrations of DFe, sFe, DMn and sMn were determined in the acidified seawater filtrate using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, Thermo Fisher Scientific ElementXR), with in-line separation-preconcentration (Elemental Scientific SeaFAST SP3) modified after Lagerström et al. (2013). Calibration standards were prepared in low-analyte concentration filtered seawater for which initial concentrations were determined using the method of standard additions. Calibration standards were introduced using the same in-line separation-preconcentration procedure as the seawater filtrate samples, with yttrium was used as an internal standard for all samples except where indicated. Analytical blank concentrations were assessed by applying the in-line separation-preconcentration procedure including all reagents and loading air in place of the seawater filtrate sample ("air blank"), yielding mean blank concentrations that were not statistically different from zero: -0.006 ± 0.0178 nanomolar (nM) for DFe (n = 62), and -0.007 ± 0.010 nM for DMn (n = 46). Analytical limits of detection, defined as the concentrations equivalent to three times the standard deviation on the mean blank, were 0.054 nM DFe and 0.030 nM for DMn. These same blanks and limits of detection are assumed to apply to sFe and sMn, respectively. Mean concentrations of multiple, separate-day determinations of the GEOTRACES GSP seawater consensus material were 0.177 ± 0.030 nM DFe (n = 10) and 0.795 ± 0.023 nM DMn (n = 13), which are within the analytical uncertainties (defined by ± one standard deviation on the mean) of the current consensus concentrations of 0.155 ± 0.045 nM and 0.778 ± 0.034 nM, respectively. Analytical precision at the concentration levels of the GSP consensus material, expressed as ± one relative standard deviation on the mean, are ± 17% for DFe and ± 2.9% for DMn.</p>
<p>Concentrations of DAl were determined in the acidified sewater filtrate using flow injection analysis with fluorometric detection, without in-line preconcentration, following the method of Resing &amp; Measures (1994). Multiple, separate-day determinations of one of the samples of lowest concentration yielded a mean DAl concentration of 3.19 ± 0.68 nM (n = 12), indicating an estimated analytical uncertainty of ± 21% (expressed as ± one relative standard deviation on the mean). Multiple, separate-day analyses of the GEOTRACES GSP seawater consensus material yielded a mean DAl concentration of 1.52 ± 0.28 nM (n = 6), although there is so far no consensus concentration available for this material. In the absence of a reagent blank for this direct flow injection analysis method, a conservative estimate of the analytical limit of detection is three times the standard deviation on the mean DAl concentration of the low-concentration GSP seawater consensus material, which yields 0.84 nM.</p>
<p>Concentrations of the dissolved inorganic macronutrients nitrate+nitrite (NO3-+NO2-), orthophosphate (PO43-) and reactive silicate (Si) were determined at the Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences using continuous flow analysis following the protocols of the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS, 2023). Limits of detection, defined as the concentrations equivalent to three times the standard deviation on the mean baseline signal, are 0.03 micromolar (µM) for NO3-+NO2-, PO43- and Si. Accuracy was verified by the analysis of the KANSO seawater certified reference material during each analytical run.</p>
<p>In-situ temperature was measured using a conductivity-temperature-depth sensor (SBE 19 plus, SeaBird Scientific), with data processed using the SBE Data Processing software. Salinity was calculated from in-situ conductivity, as measured using a conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) sensor (SBE 19 plus, SeaBird Electronics), with data processed using the SBE Data Processing software. In-situ chlorophyll fluorescence was measured using a WET Labs ECO-FL(RT)D deep chlorophyll fluorometer with 125 micrograms per liter (μg L-1) range mounted on the CTD rosette, with data processed using the SBE Data Processing software. In-situ dissolved oxygen concentration was measured using an SBE 43 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor mounted on the CTD rosette, with data processed using the SBE Data Processing software.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p>Inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometer: Instrumental data were collected using ElementXR processing software (Thermo Fisher Scientific), and post-analysis calculations were performed using Microsoft Excel.</p>
<p>Fluorescence detector for flow-injection analysis: After analog-to-digital conversion, peak areas were integrated using FCS software (Graeme Cross), and post-analysis calculations were performed using Microsoft Excel.</p>
<p>CTD sensors: Primary and derived data from the CTD sensors (temperature, conductivity, depth, in-situ chlorophyll fluorescence, dissolved oxygen) were processed using using the SBE Data Processing software (SeaBird Scientific).</p>
<p><strong>Quality Flags:</strong><br />
Data quality flags are provided in the data to denote the following:<br />
1 = good;<br />
2 = likely contaminated or questionable;<br />
3 = questionable because analysis used scandium as an internal standard;<br />
4 = not determined;<br />
5 = below detection.</p>
<p><strong>GEOTRACES Parameter Names:</strong><br />
These data sets have been registered via GEOTRACES DoOR, with the following associated bar codes:</p>
<p><strong>Cruise EN361 (BAIT-I):</strong><br />
- NO2+NO3_D_CONC_BOTTLE::nrjw8v<br />
- PHOSPHATE_D_CONC_BOTTLE::bgaawx<br />
- Mn_S_CONC_BOTTLE::lu1p7p<br />
- Al_D_CONC_BOTTLE::nyicgx<br />
- Fe_D_CONC_BOTTLE::qgisg0<br />
- Mn_D_CONC_BOTTLE::up0xno<br />
- Fe_S_CONC_BOTTLE::a5pzjt<br />
- SILICATE_D_CONC_BOTTLE::idjbwe<br />
- CTDTMP_UP_T_VALUE_SENSOR::v2sf9w<br />
- CTDSAL_UP_D_CONC_SENSOR::fwn2wq</p>
<p><strong>Cruise AE1909 (BAIT-II):</strong><br />
- Mn_D_CONC_BOTTLE::llr9fa<br />
- NO2+NO3_D_CONC_BOTTLE::xwogud<br />
- Fe_S_CONC_BOTTLE::w2gse0<br />
- Al_D_CONC_BOTTLE::6i6r0c<br />
- PHOSPHATE_D_CONC_BOTTLE::ucjrky<br />
- SILICATE_D_CONC_BOTTLE::19bitw<br />
- Fe_D_CONC_BOTTLE::qrejkj<br />
- Mn_S_CONC_BOTTLE::pmuw6o<br />
- CTDTMP_UP_T_VALUE_SENSOR::s7ovrk<br />
- CTDSAL_UP_D_CONC_SENSOR::rddj9l</p>
<p><strong>Cruise AE1921 (BAIT-III):</strong><br />
- Mn_S_CONC_BOTTLE::z49awl<br />
- Fe_D_CONC_BOTTLE::k9zqca<br />
- Al_D_CONC_BOTTLE::tzsmv1<br />
- NO2+NO3_D_CONC_BOTTLE::12l4cd<br />
- Fe_S_CONC_BOTTLE::aoxogq<br />
- SILICATE_D_CONC_BOTTLE::tizucw<br />
- Mn_D_CONC_BOTTLE::tgpx8g<br />
- PHOSPHATE_D_CONC_BOTTLE::mftrbt<br />
- CTDTMP_UP_T_VALUE_SENSOR::cg4pcl<br />
- CTDSAL_UP_D_CONC_SENSOR::9p9jgp</p>
<p><strong>Cruise AE1930 (BAIT-IV):</strong><br />
- Mn_D_CONC_BOTTLE::e9h8va<br />
- SILICATE_D_CONC_BOTTLE::cf3hyt<br />
- Al_D_CONC_BOTTLE::u1ydd2<br />
- Fe_S_CONC_BOTTLE::ynhtgd<br />
- NO2+NO3_D_CONC_BOTTLE::kidyhy<br />
- Mn_S_CONC_BOTTLE::cpgrz2<br />
- Fe_D_CONC_BOTTLE::bnuivj<br />
- PHOSPHATE_D_CONC_BOTTLE::lzvdkt<br />
- CTDTMP_UP_T_VALUE_SENSOR::anjcri<br />
- CTDSAL_UP_D_CONC_SENSOR::epwqn2</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
- Imported original file "BAIT_Bottle_Data_TM_CTD.xlsx" into the BCO-DMO system.
- Renamed fields to comply with BCO-DMO naming conventions.
- Created separate flag columns for NO3_NO2, PO43, and Si to indicate BDL and ND.
- Removed "BDL" and "ND" from data columns. Missing data are empty/blank in the final CSV file (quality flags of 5 = BDL and 4 = ND).
- Created date-time column in ISO 8601 format.
- Saved the final file as "937302_v1_bait_ctd_bottle_data.csv".
Specified by BCO-DMO Data Managers
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
continuous flow analysis
continuous flow analysis
PI Supplied Instrument Name: continuous flow analysis PI Supplied Instrument Description:continuous flow analysis following the protocols of the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study Instrument Name: Continuous Flow Analyzer Instrument Short Name:CFA Instrument Description: A sample is injected into a flowing carrier solution passing rapidly through small-bore tubing.
SBE 19 plus (SeaBird Electronics)
SBE 19 plus (SeaBird Electronics)
PI Supplied Instrument Name: SBE 19 plus (SeaBird Electronics) PI Supplied Instrument Description:CTD sensors (temperature, conductivity, depth): SBE 19 plus (SeaBird Scientific), calibrated prior to the cruises by SeaBird Scientific. Instrument Name: CTD Sea-Bird Instrument Short Name:CTD Sea-Bird Instrument Description: A Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (CTD) sensor package from SeaBird Electronics. This instrument designation is used when specific make and model are not known or when a more specific term is not available in the BCO-DMO vocabulary. Refer to the dataset-specific metadata for more information about the specific CTD used. More information from: http://www.seabird.com/ Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/130/
PI Supplied Instrument Name: PI Supplied Instrument Description:Concentrations of DAl were determined in the acidified sewater filtrate using flow injection analysis with fluorometric detection. Fluorescence detector for flow-injection analysis: RF-10AXL HPLC detector (Shimadzu). Instrument Name: Flow Injection Analyzer Instrument Short Name:FIA Instrument Description: An instrument that performs flow injection analysis. Flow injection analysis (FIA) is an approach to chemical analysis that is accomplished by injecting a plug of sample into a flowing carrier stream. FIA is an automated method in which a sample is injected into a continuous flow of a carrier solution that mixes with other continuously flowing solutions before reaching a detector. Precision is dramatically increased when FIA is used instead of manual injections and as a result very specific FIA systems have been developed for a wide array of analytical techniques. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB36/
Niskin-X samplers (General Oceanics)
Niskin-X samplers (General Oceanics)
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Niskin-X samplers (General Oceanics) Instrument Name: Niskin bottle Instrument Short Name:Niskin bottle Instrument Description: A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24, or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0412/
SBE 43 dissolved oxygen sensor (SeaBird Scientific)
SBE 43 dissolved oxygen sensor (SeaBird Scientific)
PI Supplied Instrument Name: SBE 43 dissolved oxygen sensor (SeaBird Scientific) PI Supplied Instrument Description:Dissolved oxygen sensor: SBE 43 dissolved oxygen sensor (SeaBird Scientific), calibrated prior to the cruise by SeaBird Scientific. Instrument Name: Sea-Bird SBE 43 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Instrument Short Name:SBE-43 DO Instrument Description: The Sea-Bird SBE 43 dissolved oxygen sensor is a redesign of the Clark polarographic membrane type of dissolved oxygen sensors. more information from Sea-Bird Electronics Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0036/
SeaFAST SP3
SeaFAST SP3
PI Supplied Instrument Name: SeaFAST SP3 PI Supplied Instrument Description:Inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometer: ElementXR (Thermo Fisher Scientific), with SeaFAST SP3 in-line separation-preconcentration system and autosampler (Elemental Scientific). Instrument Name: SeaFAST Automated Preconcentration System Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: The seaFAST is an automated sample introduction system for analysis of seawater and other high matrix samples for analyses by ICPMS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry).
ElementXR ICP-MS (Thermo Fisher Scientific)
ElementXR ICP-MS (Thermo Fisher Scientific)
PI Supplied Instrument Name: ElementXR ICP-MS (Thermo Fisher Scientific) PI Supplied Instrument Description:Inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometer: ElementXR (Thermo Fisher Scientific), with SeaFAST SP3 in-line separation-preconcentration system and autosampler (Elemental Scientific). Instrument Name: Thermo Scientific ELEMENT XR high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer Instrument Short Name:Element XR HR-ICP-MS Instrument Description: A high-resolution (HR) inductively coupled plasma (ICP) mass spectrometer (MS) composed of a dual mode secondary electron multiplier (SEM) and a Faraday detector. The ELEMENT XR instrument has a dynamic range of 5 x 10^7 to 1 x 10^12 counts per second (cps), and allows simultaneous measurement of elements at concentrations over 1000 ug/g.
ECO-FL(RT)D deep chlorophyll fluorometer (WET Labs)
ECO-FL(RT)D deep chlorophyll fluorometer (WET Labs)
PI Supplied Instrument Name: ECO-FL(RT)D deep chlorophyll fluorometer (WET Labs) PI Supplied Instrument Description:Fluorometer (in-situ chlorophyll fluorescence): ECO-FL(RT)D deep chlorophyll fluorometer (WET Labs), calibrated prior to the cruise by SeaBird Scientific. Instrument Name: Wet Labs ECO-AFL/FL Fluorometer Instrument Short Name:ECO AFL/FL Instrument Description: The Environmental Characterization Optics (ECO) series of single channel fluorometers delivers both high resolution and wide ranges across the entire line of parameters using 14 bit digital processing. The ECO series excels in biological monitoring and dye trace studies. The potted optics block results in long term stability of the instrument and the optional anti-biofouling technology delivers truly long term field measurements.
more information from Wet Labs Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0172/
Cruise: EN631
EN631
R/V Endeavor
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Endeavor
vessel
EN631
Rodney J. Johnson
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
https://www.bodc.ac.uk/resources/inventories/cruise_inventory/reports/endeavor_en631.pdf
Report describing EN631
Cruise: AE1909
AE1909
R/V Atlantic Explorer
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Atlantic Explorer
vessel
AE1909
Rodney J. Johnson
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
https://www.bodc.ac.uk/resources/inventories/cruise_inventory/reports/atlanticexplorer_ae1909.pdf
Report describing AE1909
Cruise: AE1921
AE1921
R/V Atlantic Explorer
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Atlantic Explorer
vessel
AE1921
Rodney J. Johnson
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
https://www.bodc.ac.uk/resources/inventories/cruise_inventory/reports/atlanticexplorer_ae1921.pdf
Report describing AE1921
Cruise: AE1930
AE1930
R/V Atlantic Explorer
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Atlantic Explorer
vessel
AE1930
Rodney J. Johnson
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
https://www.bodc.ac.uk/resources/inventories/cruise_inventory/reports/atlanticexplorer_ae1930.pdf
Report describing AE1930
R/V Endeavor
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Endeavor
vessel
R/V Atlantic Explorer
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Atlantic Explorer
vessel