http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/938791
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2024-09-25
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
DOC and TDN concentrations & phenolic content from exudation experiments in outdoor tanks with Sargassum samples collected off the coast of Bermuda and in the Sargasso Sea in 2016
2024-09-25
publication
2024-09-25
revision
BCO-DMO Linked Data URI
2024-09-25
creation
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/938791
Michael Gonsior
University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science
principalInvestigator
Neil V. Blough
University of Maryland - College Park
principalInvestigator
Rossana Del Vecchio
University of Maryland - College Park
principalInvestigator
Leanne Powers
University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Gonsior, M., Blough, N. V., Del Vecchio, R., Powers, L. (2024) DOC and TDN concentrations & phenolic content from exudation experiments in outdoor tanks with Sargassum samples collected off the coast of Bermuda and in the Sargasso Sea in 2016. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2024-09-25 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/938791 [access date]
Dataset Description: <p>See "Related Datasets" section for other datasets from these&nbsp;exudation experiments.<br />
<br />
SPE-DOC = Solid-phase extracted dissolved organic carbon.<br />
DOC =&nbsp;Dissolved inorganic carbon<br />
TDN = Total Dissolved Nitrogen</p> Methods and Sampling: <p><strong>Sampling and analytical procedures: </strong><br />
<br />
<em>Sargassum </em>(urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:144132)&nbsp;was collected during two sampling events in July and in late September/early October 2016, described in detail in a previous study (Powers et al., 2019, Global Biogeochemical Sciences (GBC),&nbsp;<em>33</em>(11), 1423-1439). Briefly, samples were collected in July 2016 aboard the R/V&nbsp;<em>Hugh R. Sharp in</em>&nbsp;the Sargasso Sea, and were housed onboard in a tank (&lt; 3 days) with continuously flowing seawater before it was transported to the Chesapeake Biological Laboratory (CBL) for exudation experiments.&nbsp;<strong>These are exudation experiments are referred to as CBL exudation experiments.</strong>&nbsp;<em>Sargassum</em>&nbsp;samples collected in early fall 2016 aboard the R/V&nbsp;<em>Henry Stommel</em>, 9 km off the coast of Bermuda, were used in outdoor exudation experiments.&nbsp;<strong>These exudation experiments are referred to as BDA exudation experiments.&nbsp;</strong></p>
<p><strong>Solid phase extraction (SPE).</strong> At the end of all incubation experiments that typically lasted 24 to 48 h, tank water housing <em>Sargassum</em> was filtered through pre-combusted Whatman 0.7 µm GF/F glass fiber filters, acidified to pH 2 using concentrated HCl and solid-phase extracted using Agilent Bond Elut PPL cartridges. Our solid phase extraction (SPE) technique utilized 10 g custom-packed cartridges that were activated with ultrapure methanol and rinsed with ultrapure 0.1% formic acid water prior to extraction. After extraction, cartridges were rinsed with 0.1% formic acid water and dried. SPE-DOM was eluted in 30 mL ultrapure MeOH and DOC extraction efficiency ranged from 40 – 60%. However, extraction efficiency was always low (~30%) for extractions of DOM leached from dried material or <em>Sargassum</em> incubated with no temperature control. Methanolic extracts were stored at -20 °C until use.</p>
<p><strong>DOC and TDN measurements for SPE-DOM.</strong> Methanolic SPE extracts were brought to room temperature; subsamples were pipetted into combusted glass vials and dried under a steady stream of ultrapure N<sub>2</sub> gas. Dried extracts were re-dissolved in a known volume of ultrapure water and acidified to pH 2 using concentrated HCl (Sigma Aldrich 32 %, pura). These reconstituted SPE-DOM samples were analyzed for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) concentrations using a Shimadzu TOC-V. Ultrapure water was used as a DOC/TDN blank and potassium hydrogen phthalate and potassium nitrate were used for DOC and TDN standards, respectively. These data are also reported in (Powers et al., 2019, GBC). DOC concentrations were corrected for sample volume extracted, methanol elution volume, dried methanol extract volume and ultrapure water volume. Corrected DOC values (SPE-DOC) were compared to DOC values for filtered water samples collected at the same time point before extraction (DOC<sub>sample</sub>). DOC extraction efficiency was calculated as 100x[SPE-DOC]/[DOC<sub>sample</sub>].</p>
<p><strong>Phenol Concentrations.</strong> Phenolic content in SPE-DOM was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu method for the determination of phenolic content in solid-phase extracted marine DOM (Takeda et al. 2013, Marine Chemistry, <em>157</em>: 208-215). Briefly, SPE-DOM samples were created with 0.2 mL of each MeOH extract that dried completely under N<sub>2</sub> and re-dissolved in 20 mL Milli-Q water, sonicated for 5 min, and 0.2 µm filtered (Whatman 25 mm GD/X syringe filters). 3.6 mL of each sample was transferred to a combusted borosilicate vial containing 0.4 mL 1 M NaOH (J.T. Baker) and 0.2 mL Folin-Ciocalteu phenol reagent (Sigma-Aldrich), and reacted for 30 min at room temperature. Subsequently, 4 mL 2 M Na2CO3 (Fisher) and 1.8 mL Milli-Q water was added to the reaction mixture, the color was developed for 1 h in an oven at 40°C and the mixture’s absorbance was monitored in a 1 cm quartz spectrophotometric cell at 720 nm using a Horiba Aqualog. Phenol concentrations were determined by a calibration curve of phloroglucinol (Aldrich) solutions ranging from 0 to 50 µM that were reacted in the same way as the samples. Thus, phenol concentrations reported here are reported as phloroglucinol equivalents. The unreacted SPE-DOM sample was analyzed for DOC concentration, as above. Phenolic content was simply determined by dividing the phenol content (as µM phloroglucinol equivalents) by the SPE-DOM concentration (µM or mg) and reported as %phenolic content (100×[phenol content]µM/[DOC]µM) or as mol kg-1 C ([phenol content]µM/[DOC]mgC/L).&nbsp;</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1536888 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1536888
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1536927 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1536927
onGoing
Michael Gonsior
University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science
410-326-7245
146 Williams Street
Solomons
MD
20688-3204
USA
gonsior.michael@gmail.com
pointOfContact
Neil V. Blough
University of Maryland - College Park
301-405-0051
Chemistry Bldg 8051 Regents Dr
College Park
MD
20742
USA
neilb@umd.edu
pointOfContact
Rossana Del Vecchio
University of Maryland - College Park
240-502-5381
5825 University Research Ct
College Park
MD
20740
USA
rossdv@umd.edu
pointOfContact
Leanne Powers
University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science
315-470-6854
lcpowers@esf.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
EXP
description
SPE_DOC_mg_L
SPE_DOC_uM
extraction_efficiency_percent
phenol_uM_PG
phenol_umol_mg
percent_phenol
Horiba Aqualog spectrofluorometer
theme
None, User defined
experiment type
sample description
dissolved organic Carbon
No BCO-DMO term
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
Shimadzu TOC-V Analyzer
Spectrometer
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
Collaborative Research: Phlorotannins - An Important Source of Marine Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter?
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/814753
Collaborative Research: Phlorotannins - An Important Source of Marine Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter?
<p>NSF Award Abstract:</p>
<p>Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), the sunlight absorbing components in filtered water, is important in the study of marine and freshwater ecosystems as it can be used to trace the mixing of surface waters, as a proxy for carbon cycles, and other biogeochemical processes. Although its importance in ocean studies has been firmly established over the last several decades, sources and structural composition of CDOM within the oceans remains unclear and continues to be a subject of debate. Sargassum, a brown alga, is widely distributed in temperate and subtropical marine waters and may be important source of CDOM to the Sargasso Sea and Gulf of Mexico where Sargassum is abundant. This project will investigate the contribution of macro brown algae-derived compounds to the marine CDOM pool. Results from this study will have implications for the marine carbon cycle and satellite remote sensing of ocean color to assess mixing of surface water masses and biogeochemical processes. The project will provide educational opportunities for a postdoctoral scholar, summertime undergraduate internships (through a local NSF-sponsored Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) program), and workshop and research opportunities for local high schools students.</p>
<p>Sources of marine CDOM remain debatable and a comprehensive understanding of its origins, distribution and fate have been difficult. Marine CDOM, and in particular the "humic-like" component, have been suggested to originate from terrestrial sources, primarily lignins. However, recent evidence indicates that the exudation of phlorotannins produced by macro brown algae may contribute significantly to the marine CDOM pool. Phlorotannins, a class of polyphenols that are only found in, and continuously exuded by macro brown algae such as Sargassum, strongly absorb ultraviolet light and may have been underestimated in their contribution to the marine CDOM pool within certain geographic locales. Upon partial oxidation, light absorption by these specific compounds extends into longer wavelengths in the visible creating an absorption spectrum similar to that of lignin. These phlorotannins and their transformation products absorb light that might explain in part the "humic-like" signatures observed in open ocean environments. This study aims to characterize the optical properties and molecular composition of Sargassum-derived CDOM including its aerobic oxidation and photochemical behavior, as well as quantify Sargassum-derived CDOM to better estimate its possible contribution to the CDOM pool in the Sargasso Sea and Gulf of Mexico.</p>
Sargassum DOM
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
2016-06-01
2016-09-01
Mid-Atlantic Bight (July 2016), Sargasso Sea (July and September 2016), Coastal Bermuda (September/October 2016) and Coastal Puerto Rico (Laguna Grande, Fajardo; Las Croabas, Fajardo; Salinas; May/June 2018)
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from DOC and TDN concentrations & phenolic content from exudation experiments in outdoor tanks with Sargassum samples collected off the coast of Bermuda and in the Sargasso Sea in 2016
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/939517.rdf
Name: EXP
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Exudation experiment type</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/939518.rdf
Name: description
Units: unitless
Description: <p>experimental details (time/treatment)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/939519.rdf
Name: SPE_DOC_mg_L
Units: milligrams per Liter (mg/L)
Description: <p>Solid-phase extracted dissolved organic carbon (SPE-DOC) concentration (mg/L)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/939520.rdf
Name: SPE_DOC_uM
Units: micromolar (uM)
Description: <p>Solid-phase extracted dissolved organic carbon (SPE-DOC) concentration (uM)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/939521.rdf
Name: extraction_efficiency_percent
Units: percent(%)
Description: <p>Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) extraction efficiency</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/939522.rdf
Name: phenol_uM_PG
Units: micromolar (uM)
Description: <p>Phenol in phloroglucinol equivalents (uM). See methodology for more details.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/939523.rdf
Name: phenol_umol_mg
Units: micromoles per gram (umol/g)
Description: <p>Phenol/([SPE-DOC] mg/L). See methodology for more details.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/939524.rdf
Name: percent_phenol
Units: percent (%)
Description: <p>Phenol/([SPE-DOC] µM). See methodology for more details.</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/dataset/938791/data/download
download
onLine
dataset
<p><strong>Sampling and analytical procedures: </strong><br />
<br />
<em>Sargassum </em>(urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:144132)&nbsp;was collected during two sampling events in July and in late September/early October 2016, described in detail in a previous study (Powers et al., 2019, Global Biogeochemical Sciences (GBC),&nbsp;<em>33</em>(11), 1423-1439). Briefly, samples were collected in July 2016 aboard the R/V&nbsp;<em>Hugh R. Sharp in</em>&nbsp;the Sargasso Sea, and were housed onboard in a tank (&lt; 3 days) with continuously flowing seawater before it was transported to the Chesapeake Biological Laboratory (CBL) for exudation experiments.&nbsp;<strong>These are exudation experiments are referred to as CBL exudation experiments.</strong>&nbsp;<em>Sargassum</em>&nbsp;samples collected in early fall 2016 aboard the R/V&nbsp;<em>Henry Stommel</em>, 9 km off the coast of Bermuda, were used in outdoor exudation experiments.&nbsp;<strong>These exudation experiments are referred to as BDA exudation experiments.&nbsp;</strong></p>
<p><strong>Solid phase extraction (SPE).</strong> At the end of all incubation experiments that typically lasted 24 to 48 h, tank water housing <em>Sargassum</em> was filtered through pre-combusted Whatman 0.7 µm GF/F glass fiber filters, acidified to pH 2 using concentrated HCl and solid-phase extracted using Agilent Bond Elut PPL cartridges. Our solid phase extraction (SPE) technique utilized 10 g custom-packed cartridges that were activated with ultrapure methanol and rinsed with ultrapure 0.1% formic acid water prior to extraction. After extraction, cartridges were rinsed with 0.1% formic acid water and dried. SPE-DOM was eluted in 30 mL ultrapure MeOH and DOC extraction efficiency ranged from 40 – 60%. However, extraction efficiency was always low (~30%) for extractions of DOM leached from dried material or <em>Sargassum</em> incubated with no temperature control. Methanolic extracts were stored at -20 °C until use.</p>
<p><strong>DOC and TDN measurements for SPE-DOM.</strong> Methanolic SPE extracts were brought to room temperature; subsamples were pipetted into combusted glass vials and dried under a steady stream of ultrapure N<sub>2</sub> gas. Dried extracts were re-dissolved in a known volume of ultrapure water and acidified to pH 2 using concentrated HCl (Sigma Aldrich 32 %, pura). These reconstituted SPE-DOM samples were analyzed for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) concentrations using a Shimadzu TOC-V. Ultrapure water was used as a DOC/TDN blank and potassium hydrogen phthalate and potassium nitrate were used for DOC and TDN standards, respectively. These data are also reported in (Powers et al., 2019, GBC). DOC concentrations were corrected for sample volume extracted, methanol elution volume, dried methanol extract volume and ultrapure water volume. Corrected DOC values (SPE-DOC) were compared to DOC values for filtered water samples collected at the same time point before extraction (DOC<sub>sample</sub>). DOC extraction efficiency was calculated as 100x[SPE-DOC]/[DOC<sub>sample</sub>].</p>
<p><strong>Phenol Concentrations.</strong> Phenolic content in SPE-DOM was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu method for the determination of phenolic content in solid-phase extracted marine DOM (Takeda et al. 2013, Marine Chemistry, <em>157</em>: 208-215). Briefly, SPE-DOM samples were created with 0.2 mL of each MeOH extract that dried completely under N<sub>2</sub> and re-dissolved in 20 mL Milli-Q water, sonicated for 5 min, and 0.2 µm filtered (Whatman 25 mm GD/X syringe filters). 3.6 mL of each sample was transferred to a combusted borosilicate vial containing 0.4 mL 1 M NaOH (J.T. Baker) and 0.2 mL Folin-Ciocalteu phenol reagent (Sigma-Aldrich), and reacted for 30 min at room temperature. Subsequently, 4 mL 2 M Na2CO3 (Fisher) and 1.8 mL Milli-Q water was added to the reaction mixture, the color was developed for 1 h in an oven at 40°C and the mixture’s absorbance was monitored in a 1 cm quartz spectrophotometric cell at 720 nm using a Horiba Aqualog. Phenol concentrations were determined by a calibration curve of phloroglucinol (Aldrich) solutions ranging from 0 to 50 µM that were reacted in the same way as the samples. Thus, phenol concentrations reported here are reported as phloroglucinol equivalents. The unreacted SPE-DOM sample was analyzed for DOC concentration, as above. Phenolic content was simply determined by dividing the phenol content (as µM phloroglucinol equivalents) by the SPE-DOM concentration (µM or mg) and reported as %phenolic content (100×[phenol content]µM/[DOC]µM) or as mol kg-1 C ([phenol content]µM/[DOC]mgC/L).&nbsp;</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
Data from submitted file "Sargassum_Exudation_SPEDOM_DOC_phenols.xls" was imported into the BCO-DMO data system for this dataset. Values "NA" and "NaN" were imported as missing data values.
** Missing data values are displayed differently based on the file format you download. They are blank in csv files, "NaN" in MatLab files, etc.
* Metadata for this dataset was extracted from file "DATASET_Sargassum_DOC_TDN_phenolic_content.rtf"
Specified by BCO-DMO Data Managers
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
PI Supplied Instrument Name: PI Supplied Instrument Description:Shimadzu TOC-V (DOC and TDN concentrations) Instrument Name: Shimadzu TOC-V Analyzer Instrument Short Name:Shimadzu TOC-V Instrument Description: A Shimadzu TOC-V Analyzer measures DOC by high temperature combustion method. Community Standard Description: http://onto.nerc.ac.uk/CAST/124
Horiba Aqualog spectrofluorometer
Horiba Aqualog spectrofluorometer
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Horiba Aqualog spectrofluorometer PI Supplied Instrument Description:Horiba Aqualog spectrofluorometer (phenolic content) Instrument Name: Spectrometer Instrument Short Name:Spectrometer Instrument Description: A spectrometer is an optical instrument used to measure properties of light over a specific portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0460/