http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/944542
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2024-11-26
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Houston Galveston Bay GPS from the Hurricane Harvey Texas Lagoons project
2024-11-26
publication
2024-11-26
revision
BCO-DMO Linked Data URI
2024-11-26
creation
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/944542
Xinping Hu
University of Texas - Marine Science Institute
principalInvestigator
Larissa Marie Dias
University of Washington/NOAA PMEL
principalInvestigator
Hui Liu
Texas A&M, Galveston
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Hu, X., Liu, H., Dias, L. M. (2024) Houston Galveston Bay GPS. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2024-11-26 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/944542 [access date]
Methods and Sampling: <p><strong>Field Sampling</strong></p>
<p>Galveston Bay is a semi-enclosed microtidal estuary located in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico (nwGOM) (Montagna et al., 2013). With an average water depth of 3 m and a surface area of 1554 km², Galveston Bay is the seventh largest estuary in the U.S. and the second largest on the Texas coast (Bass et al., 2018; Morse et al., 1993; Solis &amp; Powell, 1999). The Bay receives freshwater from several rivers, including the Trinity River, San Jacinto River, Clear Creek, and smaller bayous, with the Trinity River contributing 70% of the freshwater (Bass et al., 2018; Dellapenna et al., 2020; Morse et al., 1993). The Bay is separated from the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) by the Bolivar Peninsula and Galveston Island, with water exchange occurring through Bolivar Roads, the mouth of the Bay (Glass et al., 2008).</p>
<p>Monthly cruises were conducted aboard the R/V Trident from October 2017 to September 2018 to examine factors regulating CO2 flux over a year following Hurricane Harvey in August 2017. Although the study began more than 45 days after the hurricane (the residence time of the Bay), salinity recovery was likely still ongoing in the inner and middle sections of the Bay (Du &amp; Park, 2019; Du et al., 2019).</p>
<p>During each survey, a transect was run between five water sampling stations, extending from the Bay mouth (Station 1) to the Five Mile Marker on the Houston Ship Channel (Station 5). An additional offshore cruise in the nwGOM outside Galveston Bay was conducted in October 2018. Underway pCO₂ measurements were taken along the northwesterly transect from Stations 1 through 5 using a SUPER-CO₂ system equipped with a LI-COR® LI-840A infrared gas analyzer to collect both water and air xCO₂ after drying through a Peltier thermoelectric device (Honkanen et al., 2021). The pCO₂ data were converted at sea surface temperature, assuming 100% water vapor pressure (Jiang et al., 2008). Underway seawater was taken from a steel pipe attached to the vessel, as the ship lacked a dedicated water intake system. A diaphragm water pump fed water to the equilibrator. Sea surface temperature and salinity were measured using a SeaBird Scientific SBE45® Thermosalinograph, which was mounted parallel to the equilibrator of the SUPER-CO₂ system. Calibration of the system was done prior to and after each sampling trip using known CO₂ concentration standards (Honkanen et al., 2021; Jiang et al., 2008).</p>
<p>To calculate pCO₂ values for seawater and air, the mole fraction of CO₂ in seawater (xCO₂, water) and the equilibrator barometric pressure and xH₂O were first used to calculate the xCO₂ in dry air (xCO₂, air). xCO₂, air was then converted to pCO₂ using measured temperature of equilibration (Teq) and water vapor pressure of equilibration, following methods outlined by Weiss and Price (1980). Finally, pCO₂, eq was converted to pCO₂, water using sea surface temperature and Teq, according to methods in Jiang et al. (2008).</p>
<p><strong>Meteorological Data</strong></p>
<p>Three National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) buoys from throughout Galveston Bay provided six-minute interval averages of continuous wind speed data (NOAA, 2022). The average wind speed for all three buoys during the sampling times was calculated and applied to the sampling period. Wind speeds were adjusted to a height of 10 m using the wind profile power law (Hsu et al., 1994):</p>
<p class="rtecenter">u1/u2=(z1/z2)Pu1/u2 = (z1/z2)^Pu1/u2=(z1/z2)P</p>
<p>Where u2 is the wind speed at height z2 = 10 m, u1 is the wind speed at height z1, and the exponent P (0.11) for the GOM area is based on the work of Hsu et al. (1994).</p>
<p>United States Geological Survey (USGS) streamgages were used to obtain freshwater discharge data for the Trinity River and San Jacinto River (USGS, 2021). The stations selected were the closest gages to the mouths of the rivers and provided complete discharge data for the study period. Discharges less than or equal to 45 days prior to flux estimates (residence time of the Bay) were used (Bass et al., 2018). River endmember values for dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) were calculated using total alkalinity (TA) and pH measurements (TCEQ, 2022), with constants from Millero (1982). Seasonally weighted averages of DIC and TA were calculated using discharge-weighted averages for each season.</p>
<p><strong>Historical Data</strong></p>
<p>Results from this study were compared with historical data obtained from the Surface Ocean CO₂ Atlas (SOCAT) database, which includes fCO₂, water, xCO₂, air, and other environmental variables for Galveston Bay from 2006 to 2016 (Bakker et al., 2016). SOCAT transects followed a similar route to the study's transect, starting near Station 4 and extending outward into the GOM. The fCO₂ values from SOCAT were converted to pCO₂ using the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al., 2022). SOCAT data were analyzed independently of the results of this study.</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1760006 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1760006
onGoing
Xinping Hu
University of Texas - Marine Science Institute
361-825-3395
The University of Texas at Austin Department of Marine Science
Austin
TX
USA
xinping.hu@austin.utexas.edu
pointOfContact
Larissa Marie Dias
University of Washington/NOAA PMEL
lmdias@uw.edu
pointOfContact
Hui Liu
Texas A&M, Galveston
409-740-4716
P.O. Box 1675
Galveston
TX
777553
USA
liuh@tamug.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
AS-Alk2 alkalinity titrator (Apollo SciTech Inc.)
AS-C3 DIC analyzer (Apollo SciTech Inc.)
Benchtop salinometer (OrionStar A12, Thermo Scientific)
Spectrophotometric method
Metrohm Titrando 888
theme
None, User defined
Apollo SciTech AS-ALK2 total alkalinity titrator
Apollo SciTech AS-C3 Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) analyzer
Salinometer
Spectrophotometer
Titrator
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
Galveston_Bay_Cruises
service
Deployment Activity
Galveston Bay, an estuary situated along the northwestern Gulf of Mexico
place
Locations
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
RAPID: Capturing the Signature of Hurricane Harvey on Texas Coastal Lagoons
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/783256
RAPID: Capturing the Signature of Hurricane Harvey on Texas Coastal Lagoons
<p><em>NSF Award Abstract:</em><br />
Hurricane Harvey made landfall Friday 25 August 2017 about 30 miles northeast of Corpus Christi, Texas as a Category 4 hurricane with winds up to 130 mph. This is the strongest hurricane to hit the middle Texas coast since Carla in 1961. After the wind storm and storm surge, coastal flooding occurred due to the storm lingering over Texas for four more days, dumping as much as 50 inches of rain near Houston. This will produce one of the largest floods ever to hit the Texas coast, and it is estimated that the flood will be a one in a thousand year event. The Texas coast is characterized by lagoons behind barrier islands, and their ecology and biogeochemistry are strongly influenced by coastal hydrology. Because this coastline is dominated by open water systems and productivity is driven by the amount of freshwater inflow, Hurricane Harvey represents a massive inflow event that will likely cause tremendous changes to the coastal environments. Therefore, questions arise regarding how biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nutrients, and oxygen will be altered, whether massive phytoplankton blooms will occur, whether estuarine species will die when these systems turn into lakes, and how long recovery will take? The investigators are uniquely situated to mount this study not only because of their location, just south of the path of the storm, but most importantly because the lead investigator has conducted sampling of these bays regularly for the past thirty years, providing a tremendous context in which to interpret the new data gathered. The knowledge gained from this study will provide a broader understanding of the effects of similar high intensity rainfall events, which are expected to increase in frequency and/or intensity in the future.</p>
<p>The primary research hypothesis is that: Increased inflows to estuaries will cause increased loads of inorganic and organic matter, which will in turn drive primary production and biological responses, and at the same time significantly enhance respiration of coastal blue carbon. A secondary hypothesis is that: The large change in salinity and dissolved oxygen deficits will kill or stress many estuarine and marine organisms. To test these hypotheses it is necessary to measure the temporal change in key indicators of biogeochemical processes, and biodiversity shifts. Thus, changes to the carbon, nitrogen and oxygen cycles, and the diversity of benthic organisms will be measured and compared to existing baselines. The PIs propose to sample the Lavaca-Colorado, Guadalupe, Nueces, and Laguna Madre estuaries as follows: 1) continuous sampling (via autonomous instruments) of salinity, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and depth (i.e. tidal elevation); 2) bi-weekly to monthly sampling for dissolved and total organic carbon and organic nitrogen, carbonate system parameters, nutrients, and phytoplankton community composition; 3) quarterly measurements of sediment characteristics and benthic infauna. The project will support two graduate students. The PIs will communicate results to the public and to state agencies through existing collaborations.</p>
Hurricane Harvey Texas Lagoons
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
Galveston Bay, an estuary situated along the northwestern Gulf of Mexico
94.5
95.5
29
30
2017-10-21
2018-10-14
Northwest Gulf of Mexico estuaries on Texas Coast
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Houston Galveston Bay GPS from the Hurricane Harvey Texas Lagoons project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/dataset/944542/data/download
download
onLine
dataset
<p><strong>Field Sampling</strong></p>
<p>Galveston Bay is a semi-enclosed microtidal estuary located in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico (nwGOM) (Montagna et al., 2013). With an average water depth of 3 m and a surface area of 1554 km², Galveston Bay is the seventh largest estuary in the U.S. and the second largest on the Texas coast (Bass et al., 2018; Morse et al., 1993; Solis &amp; Powell, 1999). The Bay receives freshwater from several rivers, including the Trinity River, San Jacinto River, Clear Creek, and smaller bayous, with the Trinity River contributing 70% of the freshwater (Bass et al., 2018; Dellapenna et al., 2020; Morse et al., 1993). The Bay is separated from the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) by the Bolivar Peninsula and Galveston Island, with water exchange occurring through Bolivar Roads, the mouth of the Bay (Glass et al., 2008).</p>
<p>Monthly cruises were conducted aboard the R/V Trident from October 2017 to September 2018 to examine factors regulating CO2 flux over a year following Hurricane Harvey in August 2017. Although the study began more than 45 days after the hurricane (the residence time of the Bay), salinity recovery was likely still ongoing in the inner and middle sections of the Bay (Du &amp; Park, 2019; Du et al., 2019).</p>
<p>During each survey, a transect was run between five water sampling stations, extending from the Bay mouth (Station 1) to the Five Mile Marker on the Houston Ship Channel (Station 5). An additional offshore cruise in the nwGOM outside Galveston Bay was conducted in October 2018. Underway pCO₂ measurements were taken along the northwesterly transect from Stations 1 through 5 using a SUPER-CO₂ system equipped with a LI-COR® LI-840A infrared gas analyzer to collect both water and air xCO₂ after drying through a Peltier thermoelectric device (Honkanen et al., 2021). The pCO₂ data were converted at sea surface temperature, assuming 100% water vapor pressure (Jiang et al., 2008). Underway seawater was taken from a steel pipe attached to the vessel, as the ship lacked a dedicated water intake system. A diaphragm water pump fed water to the equilibrator. Sea surface temperature and salinity were measured using a SeaBird Scientific SBE45® Thermosalinograph, which was mounted parallel to the equilibrator of the SUPER-CO₂ system. Calibration of the system was done prior to and after each sampling trip using known CO₂ concentration standards (Honkanen et al., 2021; Jiang et al., 2008).</p>
<p>To calculate pCO₂ values for seawater and air, the mole fraction of CO₂ in seawater (xCO₂, water) and the equilibrator barometric pressure and xH₂O were first used to calculate the xCO₂ in dry air (xCO₂, air). xCO₂, air was then converted to pCO₂ using measured temperature of equilibration (Teq) and water vapor pressure of equilibration, following methods outlined by Weiss and Price (1980). Finally, pCO₂, eq was converted to pCO₂, water using sea surface temperature and Teq, according to methods in Jiang et al. (2008).</p>
<p><strong>Meteorological Data</strong></p>
<p>Three National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) buoys from throughout Galveston Bay provided six-minute interval averages of continuous wind speed data (NOAA, 2022). The average wind speed for all three buoys during the sampling times was calculated and applied to the sampling period. Wind speeds were adjusted to a height of 10 m using the wind profile power law (Hsu et al., 1994):</p>
<p class="rtecenter">u1/u2=(z1/z2)Pu1/u2 = (z1/z2)^Pu1/u2=(z1/z2)P</p>
<p>Where u2 is the wind speed at height z2 = 10 m, u1 is the wind speed at height z1, and the exponent P (0.11) for the GOM area is based on the work of Hsu et al. (1994).</p>
<p>United States Geological Survey (USGS) streamgages were used to obtain freshwater discharge data for the Trinity River and San Jacinto River (USGS, 2021). The stations selected were the closest gages to the mouths of the rivers and provided complete discharge data for the study period. Discharges less than or equal to 45 days prior to flux estimates (residence time of the Bay) were used (Bass et al., 2018). River endmember values for dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) were calculated using total alkalinity (TA) and pH measurements (TCEQ, 2022), with constants from Millero (1982). Seasonally weighted averages of DIC and TA were calculated using discharge-weighted averages for each season.</p>
<p><strong>Historical Data</strong></p>
<p>Results from this study were compared with historical data obtained from the Surface Ocean CO₂ Atlas (SOCAT) database, which includes fCO₂, water, xCO₂, air, and other environmental variables for Galveston Bay from 2006 to 2016 (Bakker et al., 2016). SOCAT transects followed a similar route to the study's transect, starting near Station 4 and extending outward into the GOM. The fCO₂ values from SOCAT were converted to pCO₂ using the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al., 2022). SOCAT data were analyzed independently of the results of this study.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p><strong>Air-water CO2 Flux Calculation</strong></p>
<p>Prior to calculating CO2 flux based on in situ measurements, outliers were identified graphically and removed from the final datasets. Air-water CO2 flux was calculated using Eq. 3:</p>
<p class="rtecenter">F = k K₀ (pCO₂,water - pCO₂,air) (3)</p>
<p>where k (m d⁻¹) is the gas transfer velocity calculated from wind speed, and K₀ (mol m⁻³ atm⁻¹) is the gas solubility at the measured in situ temperature and salinity (Weiss, 1974).</p>
<p>Gas transfer velocity (piston velocity) at a Schmidt number of 600 and referenced to wind speed at 10 m above the sea surface was calculated and compared for consistency using several methods (Raymond &amp; Cole, 2001; Wanninkhof et al., 2009; Wanninkhof, 1992; Jiang et al., 2008). Ultimately, the equation from Jiang et al. (2008), which was meant for estuaries and allows for wind speeds up to 12 m s⁻¹, was chosen as the most appropriate for calculating gas transfer velocity within the study area (Yao &amp; Hu, 2017):</p>
<p class="rtecenter">k = (0.314 × u₁₀² - 0.436 × u₁₀ + 3.990) × (ScSST / 600)⁻⁰.⁵ (4)</p>
<p>Where u₁₀ is the wind speed referenced at 10 m above the water surface (m s⁻¹) and ScSST is the Schmidt number of CO₂ at in situ temperature, calculated for seawater according to Wanninkhof (1992).</p>
<p>To assess the best calculation method, air-sea CO₂ flux, sea surface pCO₂, temperature, salinity, wind speed, and atmospheric pressure were averaged over 0.01° and 0.025° latitude increments, and values were used to calculate flux in two separate analyses. When a two-tailed Student’s t-test was conducted, CO₂ flux calculations did not significantly differ between the two groupings for any of the sampling months (p ≥ 0.50 for all sampling months). For all further analyses, CO₂ flux was calculated based on the larger 0.025° latitude increments, which simplified calculations.</p>
<p>Linear interpolation between adjacent months was used to quantify CO₂ flux, salinity, temperature, pCO₂, air, and pCO₂, water in sampling months where values were missing for some of the latitudinal increments (Jiang et al., 2008). Missing values for monthly atmospheric pCO₂ were also calculated based on linear interpolation. Seasonal values were determined by averaging monthly CO₂ flux estimates by season, where fall included September, October, and November; winter included December, January, and February; spring included March, April, and May; and summer included June, July, and August measurements. Resultant pCO₂, water and SSS from underway measurements were compared to pCO₂, water calculated from pH and DIC measured from discrete samples and SSS from discrete samples. pCO₂ is strongly influenced by temperature (Zeebe &amp; Wolf-Gladrow, 2001); therefore, to allow analyses of pCO₂ changes due to other causes than temperature (e.g., photosynthesis, respiration, etc.), thermally-adjusted water pCO₂ was calculated according to equation 1 from Takahashi (2002).</p>
<p><strong>Statistical Analyses</strong></p>
<p>Since Galveston Bay is located immediately adjacent to the urban Houston and Galveston metroplex, local emissions may lead to high localized atmospheric CO₂ levels, which could depend on wind speed and direction. To determine the influence of wind speed (u₁₀) and direction on pCO₂, air, Pearson’s correlation coefficients with p-values were calculated for each variable and pCO₂, air. Predictor variables for which Pearson’s correlation p-value was &lt; 0.05 and the absolute correlation coefficient value was &gt; 0.7 were designated as significantly correlated to pCO₂, air.</p>
<p>Due to non-normality of data and non-homogeneity of variances, Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tests (Ruxton &amp; Beauchamp, 2008) were performed in R to compare carbonate system parameters (DIC, TA, pH, and ΩAr) between seasons and stations. Further exploration of values was done via Dunn tests, which test for individual differences between each pair of groups when nonparametric data are used (Ruxton &amp; Beauchamp, 2008).</p>
<p>To fully assess the influences of biogeochemistry on pCO₂, several multiple linear regression models were compared based on residuals, R² values, and significance. Initial possible predictor variables for the discrepancy in pCO₂ between calculated and underway measured values (calculated – measured, or ΔpCO₂) included difference in salinity between discrete and measured values, discrete salinity measurements, SST, DIC, TA, ΩAr, and pHT, of which all but salinity difference and SST remained in the final chosen model.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
AS-Alk2 alkalinity titrator (Apollo SciTech Inc.)
AS-Alk2 alkalinity titrator (Apollo SciTech Inc.)
PI Supplied Instrument Name: AS-Alk2 alkalinity titrator (Apollo SciTech Inc.) PI Supplied Instrument Description:Total alkalinity was analyzed with an AS-Alk2 alkalinity titrator manufactured by Apollo SciTech, at 22.0+/-0.1 deg.C using gran titration of a 25 mL water sample with 0.1 M Hal solution (in 0.5 M NaCl), with a precision of +/-0.1%. Instrument Name: Apollo SciTech AS-ALK2 total alkalinity titrator Instrument Short Name:Apollo SciTech AS-ALK2 Instrument Description: An automated acid-base titrator for use in aquatic carbon dioxide parameter analysis. The titrator provides standardisation and sample analysis, using the Gran titration procedure for alkalinity determination of seawater and brackish waters. It is designed for both shipboard and land based laboratory use. The precision of the instrument is 0.1 percent or higher, and sample volumes may range from 10-25 ml. Titration takes approximately 8 minutes per sample, and the repeatability is within plus or minus 1-2 micromoles per kg.
AS-C3 DIC analyzer (Apollo SciTech Inc.)
AS-C3 DIC analyzer (Apollo SciTech Inc.)
PI Supplied Instrument Name: AS-C3 DIC analyzer (Apollo SciTech Inc.) PI Supplied Instrument Description:Dissolved inorganic carbon was analyzed with an AS-C3 DIC analyzer manufactured by Apollo SciTech Inc., by acidifying 0.5 mL water samples with 0.5 mL 10% H3PO4 using a 2.5 mL syringe pump, with a precision of +/-0.1%. Instrument Name: Apollo SciTech AS-C3 Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) analyzer Instrument Short Name:Apollo SciTech AS-C3 Instrument Description: A Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) analyzer, for use in aquatic carbon dioxide parameter analysis of coastal waters, sediment pore-waters, and time-series incubation samples. The analyzer consists of a solid state infrared CO2 detector, a mass-flow controller, and a digital pump for transferring accurate amounts of reagent and sample. The analyzer uses an electronic cooling system to keep the reactor temperature below 3 degrees Celsius, and a Nafion dry tube to reduce the water vapour and keep the analyzer drift-free and maintenance-free for longer. The analyzer can handle sample volumes from 0.1 - 1.5 milliliters, however the best results are obtained from sample volumes between 0.5 - 1 milliliters. It takes approximately 3 minutes per analysis, and measurement precision is plus or minus 2 micromoles per kilogram or higher for surface seawater. It is designed for both land based and shipboard laboratory use.
Benchtop salinometer (OrionStar A12, Thermo Scientific)
Benchtop salinometer (OrionStar A12, Thermo Scientific)
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Benchtop salinometer (OrionStar A12, Thermo Scientific) PI Supplied Instrument Description:Salinity was measured with an OrionStar A12 Benchtop salinometer manufactured by Thermo Scientific. Instrument Name: Salinometer Instrument Short Name:Salinometer Instrument Description: A salinometer is a device designed to measure the salinity, or dissolved salt content, of a solution.
Spectrophotometric method
Spectrophotometric method
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Spectrophotometric method PI Supplied Instrument Description:pH was analyzed using the spectrophotometric method and purified m-cresol purple (mCP) obtained from Dr. Robert Byrne's lab (University of South Florida), analyzed on the total scale with a precision of +/-0.0004. Prior to analyses, a calibrated OrionRoss glass electrode was used to adjust the indicator to pH 7.92+/-0.01, and a 10 cm water-jacketed absorbance cell of pH was kept at 25+/-0.01 degrees C. Instrument Name: Spectrophotometer Instrument Short Name:Spectrophotometer Instrument Description: An instrument used to measure the relative absorption of electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths in the near infra-red, visible and ultraviolet wavebands by samples. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB20/
Metrohm Titrando 888
Metrohm Titrando 888
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Metrohm Titrando 888 PI Supplied Instrument Description:Calcium [Ca2+] concentration was measured with a Metrohm Titrando calcium-selective electrode on a titration system using automatic potentiometric titration with ethylene glycol tetra acetic acid (EGTA), with a precision of +/-0.2%. Instrument Name: Titrator Instrument Short Name:Titrator Instrument Description: Titrators are instruments that incrementally add quantified aliquots of a reagent to a sample until the end-point of a chemical reaction is reached. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB12/
Cruise: Galveston_Bay_Cruises
Galveston_Bay_Cruises
R/V Trident
R/V Trident
vessel
Galveston_Bay_Cruises
Xinping Hu
University of Texas - Marine Science Institute
R/V Trident
R/V Trident
vessel