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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/944902.rdf" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Indian Ocean Sediment Trap Data collected from R/V Roger Revelle Cruise RR2201 in the Eastern Indian Ocean (Argo Basin) during February 2022 (BLOOFINZ-IO project)</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Cite this dataset as: Stukel, M. R. (2025) Indian Ocean Sediment Trap Data collected from R/V Roger Revelle Cruise RR2201 in the Eastern Indian Ocean (Argo Basin) during February 2022 (BLOOFINZ-IO project). Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2024-12-03 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.944902.1 [access date]</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>Dataset Description: &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The temporal bounds of this dataset represent the date when&amp;amp;nbsp;the sediment traps were initially deployed, through the last recovery date. The geospatial bounds also encompass the coordinates of trap all deployments and recoveries.&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The RR2201 cruise report can be found at &amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://hdl.handle.net/1834/43464&amp;quot; target=&amp;quot;_blank&amp;quot;&amp;gt;http://hdl.handle.net/1834/43464&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt; Methods and Sampling: &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Data comes from VERTEX-style, surface-tethered, drifting sediment trap deployments.&amp;amp;nbsp;Particle interceptor tubes were deployed on cross-pieces with 8 tubes attached.&amp;amp;nbsp;Tubes were deployed with a dense formaldehyde brine created by adding NaCl and formaldehyde to filtered seawater.&amp;amp;nbsp;After recovery, overlying seawater was removed from each cruise by gentle suction.&amp;amp;nbsp;Tubes were then gravity filtered through a 100-micron nitex mesh filter, and the 100-micron filters were carefully analyzed under a stereomicroscope and all metazoan zooplankton “swimmers” were removed from the sample.&amp;amp;nbsp;Material remaining on the 100-micron filters (i.e., sinking material) was then imaged with a macrophotography rig and subsequently rinsed back into the original sample tube (i.e., re-combined with the &amp;amp;lt;100-micron sinking material).&amp;amp;nbsp;Samples were then separated and filtered onto different types of filters for a suite of different analyses including: particulate organic carbon flux, particulate nitrogen flux, carbon and nitrogen isotopes, and chlorophyll&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;and phaeopigment flux.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Samples for particulate organic carbon flux were vacuum filtered through pre-combusted GF/F filters at low pressure.&amp;amp;nbsp; Samples were then frozen at -80C and stored for the duration of the cruise.&amp;amp;nbsp;These were then dried out for shipping.&amp;amp;nbsp;On land, they were acidified by fuming with hydrochloric acid (HCI).&amp;amp;nbsp;Samples were then thoroughly dried and packed into pre-combusted tin cups.&amp;amp;nbsp; They were analyzed by isotope ratio mass spectrometer at the UC Davis Stable Isotope Facility for carbon, nitrogen, carbon isotopes, and nitrogen isotopes.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Samples for Chl a and phaeopigments were filtered onto GF/F filters, extracted in acetone, and analyzed by the acidification method using a Turner 10-AU fluorometer.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/award/835014.rdf" xlink:title="OCE-1851347" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1851347 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1851347</gmx:Anchor>
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The small area between NW Australia and Indonesia in the eastern Indian Ocean (IO) is the only known spawning ground of Southern Bluefin Tuna (SBT), a critically endangered top marine predator. Adult SBT migrate thousands of miles each year from high latitude feeding areas to lay their eggs in these tropical waters, where food concentrations on average are below levels that can support optimal feeding and growth of their larvae. Many critical aspects of this habitat are poorly known, such as the main source of nitrogen nutrient that sustains system productivity, how the planktonic food web operates to produce the unusual types of zooplankton prey that tuna larvae prefer, and how environmental differences in habitat quality associated with ocean fronts and eddies might be utilized by adult spawning tuna to give their larvae a greater chance for rapid growth and survival success. This project investigates these questions on a 38-day expedition in early 2021, during the peak time of SBT spawning. This project is a US contribution to the 2nd International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE-2) that advances understanding of biogeochemical and ecological dynamics in the poorly studied eastern IO. This is the first detailed study of nitrogen and carbon cycling in the region linking Pacific and IO waters. The shared dietary preferences of SBT larvae with those of other large tuna and billfish species may also make the insights gained broadly applicable to understanding larval recruitment issues for top consumers in other marine ecosystems. New information from the study will enhance international management efforts for SBT. The shared larval dietary preferences of large tuna and billfish species may also extend the insights gained broadly to many other marine top consumers, including Atlantic bluefin tuna that spawn in US waters of the Gulf of Mexico. The end-to-end study approach, highlights connections among physical environmental variability, biogeochemistry, and plankton food webs leading to charismatic and economically valuable fish production, is the theme for developing educational tools and modules through the &quot;scientists-in-the-schools&quot; program of the Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies at Florida State University, through a program for enhancing STEM learning pathways for underrepresented students in Hawaii, and through public outreach products for display at the Birch Aquarium in San Diego. The study also aims to support an immersive field experience to introduce talented high school students to marine research, with the goal of developing a sustainable marine-related educational program for underrepresented students in rural northwestern Florida.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Southern Bluefin Tuna (SBT) migrate long distances from high-latitude feeding grounds to spawn exclusively in a small oligotrophic area of the tropical eastern Indian Ocean (IO) that is rich in mesoscale structures, driven by complex currents and seasonally reversing monsoonal winds. To survive, SBT larvae must feed and grow rapidly under environmental conditions that challenge conventional understanding of food-web structure and functional relationships in poor open-ocean systems. The preferred prey of SBT larvae, cladocerans and Corycaeidae copepods, are poorly studied and have widely different implications for trophic transfer efficiencies to larvae. Differences in nitrogen sources - N fixation vs deep nitrate of Pacific origin - to sustain new production in the region also has implications for conditions that may select for prey types (notably cladocerans) that enhance transfer efficiency and growth rates of SBT larvae. The relative importance of these N sources for the IO ecosystem may affect SBT resiliency to projected increased ocean stratification. This research expedition investigates how mesoscale variability in new production, food-web structure and trophic fluxes affects feeding and growth conditions for SBT larvae. Sampling across mesoscale features tests hypothesized relationships linking variability in SBT larval feeding and prey preferences (gut contents), growth rates (otolith analyses) and trophic positions (TP) to the environmental conditions of waters selected by adult spawners. Trophic Positions of larvae and their prey are determined using Compound-Specific Isotope Analyses of Amino Acids (CSIA-AA). Lagrangian experiments investigate underlying process rates and relationships through measurements of water-column 14C productivity, N2 fixation, 15NO3- uptake and nitrification; community biomass and composition (flow cytometry, pigments, microscopy, in situ imaging, genetic analyses); and trophic fluxes through micro- and mesozooplankton grazing, remineralization and export. Biogeochemical and food web elements of the study are linked by CSIA-AA (N source, TP), 15N-constrained budgets and modeling. The project elements comprise an end-to-end coupled biogeochemistry-trophic study as has not been done previously for any pelagic ecosystem.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.&lt;/p&gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/944949.rdf
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http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/944950.rdf
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http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/944951.rdf
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http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/944953.rdf
	Name: Duration
	Units: days
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http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/944954.rdf
	Name: Deployment_Latitude
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	Description: &lt;p&gt;Latitude of trap deployment in decimal degrees; a negative value indicates a Southern coordinate.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/944955.rdf
	Name: Deployment_Longitude
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http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/944956.rdf
	Name: Recovery_Latitude
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http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/944957.rdf
	Name: Recovery_Longitude
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http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/944958.rdf
	Name: Corg
	Units: mg C m-2 d-1
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http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/944959.rdf
	Name: sigma_Corg
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http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/944960.rdf
	Name: Norg
	Units: mg N m-2 d-1
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http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/944961.rdf
	Name: sigma_Norg
	Units: mg N m-2 d-1
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http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/944962.rdf
	Name: d13C
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http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/944963.rdf
	Name: sigma_d13C
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http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/944964.rdf
	Name: d15N
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http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/944965.rdf
	Name: sigma_d15N
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http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/944966.rdf
	Name: Chl
	Units: mg Chl a m-2 d-1
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http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/944967.rdf
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http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/944968.rdf
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http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/944969.rdf
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              <gmd:code>
                <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/instrument/469.rdf" xlink:title="Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometer" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer</gmx:Anchor>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
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            <gco:CharacterString>PI Supplied Instrument Name: Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer PI Supplied Instrument Description:Samples were analyzed by isotope ratio mass spectrometer at the UC Davis Stable Isotope Facility for carbon, nitrogen, carbon isotopes, and nitrogen isotopes. Instrument Name: Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometer Instrument Short Name:IR Mass Spec; IRMS   Instrument Description: The Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometer is a particular type of mass spectrometer used to measure the relative abundance of isotopes in a given sample (e.g. VG Prism II Isotope Ratio Mass-Spectrometer). Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB16/</gco:CharacterString>
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              <gmd:code>
                <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/instrument/708.rdf" xlink:title="Microscope - Optical" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Stereomicroscope</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Stereomicroscope</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>PI Supplied Instrument Name: Stereomicroscope PI Supplied Instrument Description:After gravity filtering tube contents through 100-micron nitex mesh filters, these filters were carefully analyzed under a stereomicroscope and all metazoan zooplankton “swimmers” were removed from the sample. Instrument Name: Microscope - Optical Instrument Short Name:   Instrument Description: Instruments that generate enlarged images of samples using the phenomena of reflection and absorption of visible light. Includes conventional and inverted instruments. Also called a &quot;light microscope&quot;. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB05/</gco:CharacterString>
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              <gmd:code>
                <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/instrument/518.rdf" xlink:title="Sediment Trap" xlink:actuate="onRequest">VERTEX-style Drifting Sediment Traps</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gco:CharacterString>VERTEX-style Drifting Sediment Traps</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>PI Supplied Instrument Name: VERTEX-style Drifting Sediment Traps PI Supplied Instrument Description:Data comes from VERTEX-style, surface-tethered, drifting sediment trap deployments.  Particle interceptor tubes were deployed on cross-pieces with 8 tubes attached.  Tubes were deployed with a dense formaldehyde brine created by adding NaCl and formaldehyde to filtered seawater.  Instrument Name: Sediment Trap Instrument Short Name:Sediment Trap   Instrument Description: Sediment traps are specially designed containers deployed in the water column for periods of time to collect particles from the water column falling toward the sea floor. In general a sediment trap has a jar at the bottom to collect the sample and a broad funnel-shaped opening at the top with baffles to keep out very large objects and help prevent the funnel from clogging. This designation is used when the specific type of sediment trap was not specified by the contributing investigator. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/33/</gco:CharacterString>
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            </gmi:type>
            <gmi:parentOperation gco:nilReason="inapplicable"/>
            <gmi:platform>
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         <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://shipsked.ucsd.edu/Ships/Roger_Revelle/" xlink:actuate="onRequest">R/V Roger Revelle</gmx:Anchor>
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    <gmi:citation>
     <gmd:CI_Citation>
       <gmd:title>
         <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/C17/current/33RR" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Community Standard Description</gmx:Anchor>
       </gmd:title>
       <gmd:date gco:nilReason="unknown"/>
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    </gmi:citation>
    <gmi:identifier>
      <gmd:MD_Identifier>
        <gmd:authority>
          <gmd:CI_Citation>
            <gmd:title>
              <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/authority/1.rdf" xlink:actuate="onRequest">International Council for the Exploration of the Sea</gmx:Anchor>
            </gmd:title>
            <gmd:date gco:nilReason="unknown"/>
          </gmd:CI_Citation>
        </gmd:authority>
        <gmd:code>
          <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/platform/54013.rdf"
           xlink:title="33RR" xlink:actuate="onRequest">R/V Roger Revelle</gmx:Anchor>
        </gmd:code>
      </gmd:MD_Identifier>
    </gmi:identifier>
    <gmi:description>
      <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/platform/54013.rdf" xlink:title="R/V Roger Revelle" xlink:actuate="onRequest">vessel</gmx:Anchor>
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    <gmi:instrument gco:nilReason="unknown"/>
  </gmi:MI_Platform>
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            <gmi:plan>
              <gmi:MI_Plan>
                <gmi:status>
                  <gmd:MD_ProgressCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_ProgressCode" codeListValue="completed"/>
                </gmi:status>
                <gmi:citation>
                  <gmd:CI_Citation>
                    <gmd:title>
                      <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/deployment/916293.rdf" xlink:title="Cruise" xlink:actuate="onRequest">RR2201</gmx:Anchor>
                    </gmd:title>
                    <gmd:date gco:nilReason="unknown"/>
                    <gmd:citedResponsibleParty>
                      <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                      <gmd:individualName>
                          <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/person/50545.rdf" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Michael R. Landry</gmx:Anchor>
                        </gmd:individualName>
                        <gmd:organisationName>
                          <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/affiliation/26.rdf" xlink:title="Affiliation" xlink:actuate="onRequest">University of California-San Diego Scripps</gmx:Anchor>
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                          <gmd:onlineResource>
                            <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                              <gmd:linkage>
                                <gmd:URL>http://hdl.handle.net/1834/43464</gmd:URL>
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                              <gmd:description>
                                <gco:CharacterString>Report describing RR2201</gco:CharacterString>
                              </gmd:description>
                            </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                          </gmd:onlineResource>
                        </gmd:CI_Contact>
                      </gmd:contactInfo>
                      <gmd:role>
                        <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="principalInvestigator"/>
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                    </gmd:citedResponsibleParty>
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              </gmi:MI_Plan>
            </gmi:plan>
            </gmi:MI_Operation>
      </gmi:operation><gmi:platform>
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    <gmi:citation>
     <gmd:CI_Citation>
       <gmd:title>
         <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://shipsked.ucsd.edu/Ships/Roger_Revelle/" xlink:actuate="onRequest">R/V Roger Revelle</gmx:Anchor>
       </gmd:title>
       <gmd:date gco:nilReason="unknown"/>
     </gmd:CI_Citation>
    </gmi:citation>
    <gmi:citation>
     <gmd:CI_Citation>
       <gmd:title>
         <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/C17/current/33RR" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Community Standard Description</gmx:Anchor>
       </gmd:title>
       <gmd:date gco:nilReason="unknown"/>
     </gmd:CI_Citation>
    </gmi:citation>
    <gmi:identifier>
      <gmd:MD_Identifier>
        <gmd:authority>
          <gmd:CI_Citation>
            <gmd:title>
              <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/authority/1.rdf" xlink:actuate="onRequest">International Council for the Exploration of the Sea</gmx:Anchor>
            </gmd:title>
            <gmd:date gco:nilReason="unknown"/>
          </gmd:CI_Citation>
        </gmd:authority>
        <gmd:code>
          <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/platform/54013.rdf"
           xlink:title="33RR" xlink:actuate="onRequest">R/V Roger Revelle</gmx:Anchor>
        </gmd:code>
      </gmd:MD_Identifier>
    </gmi:identifier>
    <gmi:description>
      <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/platform/54013.rdf" xlink:title="R/V Roger Revelle" xlink:actuate="onRequest">vessel</gmx:Anchor>
    </gmi:description>
    <gmi:instrument gco:nilReason="unknown"/>
  </gmi:MI_Platform>
</gmi:platform>
          </gmi:MI_AcquisitionInformation>
  </gmi:acquisitionInformation>
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