http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/945218
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2024-12-04
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Parasite abundance data collected from coral reef fishes across 19 islands in the central equatorial Pacific from 2009 to 2021
2025-01-22
publication
2025-01-22
revision
Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)
2025-01-27
publication
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.945218.1
Chelsea L. Wood
University of Washington
principalInvestigator
Alison Haupt
California State University Monterey Bay
principalInvestigator
Stuart Sandin
University of California-San Diego Scripps
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Wood, C. L., Sandin, S., Haupt, A. (2025) Parasite abundance data collected from coral reef fishes across 19 islands in the central equatorial Pacific from 2009 to 2021. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2025-01-22 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.945218.1 [access date]
Parasite abundance data collected from coral reef fishes across 19 islands in the central equatorial Pacific from 2009 to 2021 Dataset Description: Methods and Sampling: <p><strong>Fish collection</strong></p>
<p>We sampled 17 species of coral reef fishes (<em>Acanthurus nigricans, Cephalopholis argus, Cephalopholis urodeta, Chromis iomelas, Chromis margaritifer, Ctenochaetus marginatus, Ctenochaetus striatus, Paracirrhites arcatus, Plectroglyphidodon dickii, Pseudanthias bartlettorum, Pseudanthias dispar, Pseudanthias mooreanus, Pseudanthias olivaceous, Pseudianthias pascalus, Pseudanthias</em> spp., <em>Stegastes aureus, Stegastes fasciolatus</em>) across three archipelagos and 19 islands (Jarvis, Kingman, Kiritimati, Palmyra, Tabuaeran, and Teraina in the Northern Line Islands; Flint, Malden, Millennium, Starbuck, and Vostok in the Southern Line Islands; Huahine, Moorea, Raiatea, Rangiroa, Tahiti, Takapoto, Tetiaroa, and Tikehau in French Polynesia), for a total of 5,251 fish. These 17 broadly distributed host species represent a large spectrum of body sizes, including multiple taxonomic and trophic groups. Due to the limitations on the natural geographic ranges of some species, not all species could be sampled on all islands; when we found that a target species was not present on a given island, we sampled a close congener instead (e.g., <em>Stegastes fasciolatus</em> instead of <em>Stegastes aureus</em>). In general, fish greater than 10 cm in total length were collected using three-pronged spears, while hand nets were used to capture fish smaller than 10 cm in length. Most fish were sampled from depths of 8 to 18 m from the leeward forereef of each island.&nbsp;After collection, fish were humanely euthanized using protocols in UC San Diego IACUC protocol #S09392, which provided ethical approval for this study. We then recorded morphometric data, including the total length of each fish (mm), before freezing fish immediately after collection. Fish were transported frozen back to the laboratory and were kept frozen until they were thawed for parasitological examination.</p>
<p><strong>Parasite abundance assessment</strong></p>
<p>We performed a comprehensive examination of each fish, designed to detect most metazoan parasites. We did not count mobile skin parasites or micropredators, as these are easily lost when the host is captured, and we did not search for myxozoan parasites, but all other metazoans should have been detected with our protocol. We adapted the dissection protocol to the morphology of each fish species (keeping the protocol consistent within species); both the generalized dissection protocol and departures from it are detailed elsewhere [see appendix E in Wood, Sandin, et al. (2014)]. Briefly, we examined the following organs individually under a stereomicroscope: fins, gills, eyes, heart, liver, spleen, gonad, gills, muscle, skin, and intestines [after Wood, Sandin, et al. (2014)]. When an organ was missing or damaged (e.g., part of fin was missing), we recorded “n/a,” not “0,”for any parasite species typically found in that organ (e.g., fin metacercariae). Photographs of each parasite species (along with detailed images of diagnostic morphological features) and voucher specimens were archived and are available for examination by request to the corresponding author. We identified parasites to the lowest possible taxonomic level using published keys [see appendix F in Wood, Sandin, et al. (2014)]: Wood CL, Sandin S, Zgliczynski B, Guerra AS, and Micheli F. 2014. Fishing drives declines in fish parasite diversity and has variable effects on parasite abundance. <em>Ecology</em> 95: 1929-46.</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1829509 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1829509
completed
Chelsea L. Wood
University of Washington
8313243076
School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences 1122 NE Boat Street
Seattle
WA
981955020
US
chelwood@uw.edu
pointOfContact
Alison Haupt
California State University Monterey Bay
8315823682
100 Campus Center
Seaside
CA
939558001
US
ahaupt@csumb.edu
pointOfContact
Stuart Sandin
University of California-San Diego Scripps
619-861-0830
8602 La Jolla Shores Dr
La Jolla
CA
920930210
US
ssandin@ucsd.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
fish_unique_code
count
tract
count_id
island
island_lat
island_lon
people
fish_sp_code
psite_unique_code
total_length
collection_date
transmission
psite_group
psite_ScientificName
fish_ScientificName
psite_LSID
fish_LSID
psite_AphiaID
fish_AphiaID
hand nets
three-pronged spears
Olympus SZ61 stereomicroscope with transmitted-light base
Leica DM1000 compound microscope
theme
None, User defined
sample identification
count
region
experiment id
latitude
longitude
site description
sample description
length
date
species scientific name (binomial)
Life Science Identifier (LSID)
taxon_code
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
Hand Net
Manual Biota Sampler
Microscope - Optical
Microscope - Optical
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
Collaborative Research: Decomposing the effects of diversity on the abundance of marine parasites
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/764169
Collaborative Research: Decomposing the effects of diversity on the abundance of marine parasites
<p><em>NSF Award Abstract:</em></p>
<p>Nontechnical explanation of the project's broader significance and importance</p>
<p>As Earth's ecosystems experience rapid biodiversity change, disease ecologists have turned to an urgent question: how might reductions in biodiversity affect the transmission of parasites? In other words, does biodiversity loss increase the abundance of parasites by eroding natural checks and balances on transmission? Alternatively, does it decrease parasite abundance by removing the free-living biodiversity on which parasites depend? This study will constitute the first comprehensive test of these questions in any ecosystem. It will evaluate the relationship between fish biodiversity and parasite abundance across 18 replicate coral reef ecosystems. Not only will the work explore whether reductions in fish biodiversity are associated with increases or decreases in parasite burdens, it will also assess whether parasite and host traits or geographical distance influence the direction and strength of this relationship. The theories that are tested are among the most important and controversial in the rapidly growing field of disease ecology and our work represents a novel, creative approach to a long standing, but unresolved research question. The work will yield transformative insights into the nature of parasite transmission in a changing world. Furthermore, the project will intimately intermingle education with research by launching the Research Internship in Molecular Ecology at California State Monterey Bay, which will place a group of underrepresented undergraduates in a central research role, and by developing and disseminating quality educational tools for teaching about parasite biodiversity through collaboration with the Network of Conservation Educators and Practitioners at the American Museum of Natural History. Parasites are often hidden and can be easy to overlook, but they are ecologically important and affect every population of marine animals.</p>
<p>Technical description of the project</p>
<p>The field of disease ecology is plagued by uncertainty and disagreement over whether biodiversity loss exacerbates parasite transmission, because it lacks the comprehensive, multi-host, multi-parasite, broad-spatial-scale dataset needed to formulate a convincing empirical test.</p>
<p>This project will answer this recalcitrant question, using a dataset of unprecedented replication and taxonomic and spatial resolution, by exploiting the advantages of a marine model system. The project is centered on a natural experiment in which the abundance of parasites across a highly resolved gradient of host biodiversity, for more than 77 parasite species and 18 replicate coral reef ecosystems will be quantified. Dataset will critically test hypotheses for the biodiversity-parasite abundance relationship, revealing how the direction, shape, and scale-dependence of this relationship vary across a diverse array of parasite taxa, and resolving questions of burning interest in the disease ecology literature - and of vital importance to marine conservation. This project will address the following questions: (Q1) For each parasite species detected, what is the direction and shape of the relationship between biodiversity and parasite abundance? (Q2) What factors (e.g., parasite traits like transmission strategy and host specificity, host traits like body size) determine the direction and shape of the relationship between biodiversity and parasite abundance? (Q3) How does spatial scale interact with parasite dispersal capacity to moderate the effects of biodiversity on parasite abundance? The work will integrate an existing dataset on fish biodiversity and abundance of coral reef fish parasites from six equatorial Pacific islands (the Northern Line Islands) with new sampling from 12 additional islands (the Southern Line Islands and French Polynesia). The resulting dataset will reflect the burden of >77 metazoan parasite taxa for seven species of coral reef fishes across18 islands. The work will provide the world's first data on the direction, magnitude, and shape of the biodiversity-disease relationship across a diversity of parasite taxa, host taxa, and spatial scales, and will comprehensively identify conditions under which biodiversity is likely to be important in determining the abundance of parasites - a fundamental contribution to ecology and to biological oceanography. The project will intimately integrate education with research by placing a group of underrepresented minority undergraduates in a central research role: performing the molecular analyses required to estimate parasite dispersal distance. A summer Research Internship in Molecular Ecology will be established at California State University Monterey Bay, a Hispanic-Serving Institution. The project will also underwrite the development of a peer-reviewed learning module on parasite biodiversity, to be developed and disseminated in collaboration with the American Museum of Natural History, and will support the training of two graduate students, one postdoctoral scholar, and several undergraduates.</p>
<p>This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.</p>
Diversity-disease
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
biota
oceans
-162.32
-145.33
-17.95
6.46
2009-12-04
2021-12-04
Central equatorial Pacific (Line Islands and French Polynesia)
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Parasite abundance data collected from coral reef fishes across 19 islands in the central equatorial Pacific from 2009 to 2021
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/949069.rdf
Name: fish_unique_code
Units: units
Description: <p>Unique identification number for each fish individual</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/949070.rdf
Name: count
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Number of parasite individuals of each parasite species counted in this individual fish</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/949071.rdf
Name: tract
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Island tract or archipelago from which the fish was collected (FP = French Polynesia, NLI = Northern Line Islands, SLI = Southern Line Islands)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/949072.rdf
Name: count_id
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Unique identification number for the total count of species of parasite individuals in an fish individual</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/949073.rdf
Name: island
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Island from which fish was collected</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/949074.rdf
Name: island_lat
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Latitude of Island</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/949075.rdf
Name: island_lon
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Longitude of Island</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/949076.rdf
Name: people
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Whether the island is inhabited or uninhabited</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/949077.rdf
Name: fish_sp_code
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Fish species to which this fish individual belongs</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/949078.rdf
Name: psite_unique_code
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Parasite species to which parasite individual belongs</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/949079.rdf
Name: total_length
Units: mm
Description: <p>Total length of fish individual</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/949080.rdf
Name: collection_date
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Date on which fish individual was collected</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/949081.rdf
Name: transmission
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Transmission strategy of parasite species (i.e., direct transmission, complex life cycle)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/949082.rdf
Name: psite_group
Units: unitless
Description: <p>The higher order taxonomic grouping to which parasite species belongs</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/949083.rdf
Name: psite_ScientificName
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Parasite Scientific Name</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/949084.rdf
Name: fish_ScientificName
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Fish Scientific Name</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/949085.rdf
Name: psite_LSID
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Parasite LSID</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/949086.rdf
Name: fish_LSID
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Fish LSID</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/949087.rdf
Name: psite_AphiaID
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Parasite AphiaID</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/949088.rdf
Name: fish_AphiaID
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Fish AphiaID</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
21719031
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/30e26c01-dac8-4d2d-88de-476c99ecd696/content
download
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.945218.1
download
onLine
dataset
<p><strong>Fish collection</strong></p>
<p>We sampled 17 species of coral reef fishes (<em>Acanthurus nigricans, Cephalopholis argus, Cephalopholis urodeta, Chromis iomelas, Chromis margaritifer, Ctenochaetus marginatus, Ctenochaetus striatus, Paracirrhites arcatus, Plectroglyphidodon dickii, Pseudanthias bartlettorum, Pseudanthias dispar, Pseudanthias mooreanus, Pseudanthias olivaceous, Pseudianthias pascalus, Pseudanthias</em> spp., <em>Stegastes aureus, Stegastes fasciolatus</em>) across three archipelagos and 19 islands (Jarvis, Kingman, Kiritimati, Palmyra, Tabuaeran, and Teraina in the Northern Line Islands; Flint, Malden, Millennium, Starbuck, and Vostok in the Southern Line Islands; Huahine, Moorea, Raiatea, Rangiroa, Tahiti, Takapoto, Tetiaroa, and Tikehau in French Polynesia), for a total of 5,251 fish. These 17 broadly distributed host species represent a large spectrum of body sizes, including multiple taxonomic and trophic groups. Due to the limitations on the natural geographic ranges of some species, not all species could be sampled on all islands; when we found that a target species was not present on a given island, we sampled a close congener instead (e.g., <em>Stegastes fasciolatus</em> instead of <em>Stegastes aureus</em>). In general, fish greater than 10 cm in total length were collected using three-pronged spears, while hand nets were used to capture fish smaller than 10 cm in length. Most fish were sampled from depths of 8 to 18 m from the leeward forereef of each island.&nbsp;After collection, fish were humanely euthanized using protocols in UC San Diego IACUC protocol #S09392, which provided ethical approval for this study. We then recorded morphometric data, including the total length of each fish (mm), before freezing fish immediately after collection. Fish were transported frozen back to the laboratory and were kept frozen until they were thawed for parasitological examination.</p>
<p><strong>Parasite abundance assessment</strong></p>
<p>We performed a comprehensive examination of each fish, designed to detect most metazoan parasites. We did not count mobile skin parasites or micropredators, as these are easily lost when the host is captured, and we did not search for myxozoan parasites, but all other metazoans should have been detected with our protocol. We adapted the dissection protocol to the morphology of each fish species (keeping the protocol consistent within species); both the generalized dissection protocol and departures from it are detailed elsewhere [see appendix E in Wood, Sandin, et al. (2014)]. Briefly, we examined the following organs individually under a stereomicroscope: fins, gills, eyes, heart, liver, spleen, gonad, gills, muscle, skin, and intestines [after Wood, Sandin, et al. (2014)]. When an organ was missing or damaged (e.g., part of fin was missing), we recorded “n/a,” not “0,”for any parasite species typically found in that organ (e.g., fin metacercariae). Photographs of each parasite species (along with detailed images of diagnostic morphological features) and voucher specimens were archived and are available for examination by request to the corresponding author. We identified parasites to the lowest possible taxonomic level using published keys [see appendix F in Wood, Sandin, et al. (2014)]: Wood CL, Sandin S, Zgliczynski B, Guerra AS, and Micheli F. 2014. Fishing drives declines in fish parasite diversity and has variable effects on parasite abundance. <em>Ecology</em> 95: 1929-46.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p>Data were originally entered into separate datasheets for each fish species / expedition combination, with separate columns for the number of each parasite species in each organ (e.g., separate columns for Nematode A in the stomach and Nematode A in the intestine). For each of these datasets, we first calculated the total number of parasite individuals for each parasite species across organs, summing across organs and doubling any bilateral organs where only half was counted (e.g., if we found 3 copepods in the buccal cavity and three parasites in the gills, but only counted the right gill arches, the total number of copepods presented in the dataset will be 9). These data therefore reflect the count of each parasite species across all the organs in which they were detected.</p>
<p>For each dataset, we then pivoted longer, such that each row is the count of one parasite species in one fish individual. There are therefore multiple rows for each fish individual, with parasite count as one column and parasite species as a separate column. This allowed us to concatenate datasets across the fish species / expedition combinations.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
- imported "psite_group_taxa.csv", "island_locations.csv", "fish_sp_list.csv", and "full_dataset_2025.01.17.csv" into the BCO-DMO system, replacing NAs with blanks
- joined all files into one "945218_v1_parasite_abundance_coral_fish"
- split "fish_LSID" to get "fish_AphiaID"
- renamed fields to comply with BCO-DMO system requirements and to clarify values
- export dataset as "945218_v1_parasite_abundance_coral_fish.csv"
Specified by BCO-DMO Data Managers
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
hand nets
hand nets
PI Supplied Instrument Name: hand nets PI Supplied Instrument Description:In general, fish greater than 10 cm in total length were collected using three-pronged spears, while hand nets were used to capture fish smaller than 10 cm in length. Instrument Name: Hand Net Instrument Short Name:Hand Net Instrument Description: A hand net (also called a scoop net or dip net) is a net or mesh basket held open by a hoop. They are used for scooping fish near the surface of the water.
three-pronged spears
three-pronged spears
PI Supplied Instrument Name: three-pronged spears PI Supplied Instrument Description:In general, fish greater than 10 cm in total length were collected using three-pronged spears, while hand nets were used to capture fish smaller than 10 cm in length. Instrument Name: Manual Biota Sampler Instrument Short Name:Manual Biota Sampler Instrument Description: "Manual Biota Sampler" indicates that a sample was collected in situ by a person, possibly using a hand-held collection device such as a jar, a net, or their hands. This term could also refer to a simple tool like a hammer, saw, or other hand-held tool. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/90/
Olympus SZ61 stereomicroscope with transmitted-light base
Olympus SZ61 stereomicroscope with transmitted-light base
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Olympus SZ61 stereomicroscope with transmitted-light base PI Supplied Instrument Description:Stereomicroscopes were used for parasite detection. Instrument Name: Microscope - Optical Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: Instruments that generate enlarged images of samples using the phenomena of reflection and absorption of visible light. Includes conventional and inverted instruments. Also called a "light microscope". Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB05/
Leica DM1000 compound microscope
Leica DM1000 compound microscope
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Leica DM1000 compound microscope PI Supplied Instrument Description:Compound microscopes were used for parasite identification. Instrument Name: Microscope - Optical Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: Instruments that generate enlarged images of samples using the phenomena of reflection and absorption of visible light. Includes conventional and inverted instruments. Also called a "light microscope". Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB05/