19:I[42426,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1xctgzqre-wsy.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_-wz6pdtp2b.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/30e52g49hg40p.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/02yq6tul2z-oh.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/10bx_ec2vj7n_.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/33bfn03fo8xnt.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/0tfjf78scu61b.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/31xnvej4n1bi9.js"],"default"] 1a:T438,

See "Related Datasets" section for other datasets to be published in Ng & Gaylord (2025, in-prep). These datasets are also listed on the "Related-Resource" page for that results publication https://www.bco-dmo.org/related-resource/948176

All datasets in this project can be viewed from the "Dataset Collections" of the project page https://www.bco-dmo.org/project/712799

Of particular note are:

Dataset: Fear behavior with predators: tethered Tegula funebralis in the presence of predator Pisaster ochraceus
https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/959441
(different tethered organism, same predator)

Dataset: Fear behavior with predators: tethered Tegula funebralis in the presence of predator Cancer productus
https://www.bco-dmo.org/node/959435
(same tethered organism, different predator)

1b:Ta2f,

Pisaster were collected at Carmet Beach (38.372172 N, 123.076438 W). Nucella lamellosa were collected at Washington Park in Anacortes, Washington (48.502190 N, -122.691865 W) in July 2018.

We introduced predators to snails that either displayed a fear response or did not to determine the baseline and enhanced culling rates in the fear and no-fear treatments respectively. For the enhanced culling rates where prey did not have a behavioral fear response, (i.e. did not leave the water in the presence of predators), we tethered a subset of our snails when subjecting them to predators. These latter trials provided data on predation rates when snails spent 100% of their time underwater such that they could not implement their standard fear-induced flight responses. We tethered snails using 10mm long mono-filament line attached to the shell with cyanoacrylate adhesive and to the base of the mesocosm using epoxy. Snails were distributed uniformly over the mesocosm. We crossed our tethered treatment with the morphological induction treatment for the predation trials similar to the trials measuring the intensity of behavioral fear response. We created ten mesocosms each containing five tethered Nucella. Half of the mesocosms contained induced Nucella and the other half contained Nucella that had not been induced. We also created ten mesocosms with five untethered Nucella each; half of these latter mesocosms again contained induced Nucella and the other half again contained Nucella that had not been induced. This overall setup for Nucella allowed us to estimate the culling rates for when Nucella displayed no fear response, a behavioral fear response, a morphological fear response, or both. The mesocosms were checked twice a day for predation events, and the predation trials lasted until all of the snails had been consumed.

We ran a linear regression on logged proportion of snails surviving with tethering, duration of the experiment, and their interactive effects as fixed factors. For Nucella, we also added the average retraction distance of the Nucella within each container as another predictor, along with the three-way interaction with tethering and duration of the experiment.

Organism identifiers (taxonomic names used in dataset metadata):

Scientific Name, Life Science Identifier (LSID)
Nucella lamellosa, urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:404218
Pisaster ochraceus,urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:240755

1c:T5b7,* Raw data and analysis script were bundled into file Nucella_predation_analysis_package.zip with no file changes. Attached as a supplemental file. * Data table from submitted file "Predation stats.csv" was imported into the BCO-DMO data system. Values "" and "nd" imported as missing data values. Table will appear on this dataset page as Data File: 948222_v1_predation_n-lamellosa.csv (with other download format options). * Column "Date" renamed to "Date_local", and "Time" renamed to "Time_local". [US/Pacific local time] * New column "ISO_DateTime_UTC" added by combining "Date_local" and "Time_local" with timezone conversion to UTC in ISO 8601 format. * Any column names with characters other than letters, numbers and underscores were renamed to meet BCO-DMO naming conventions designed to support broad re-use by a variety of research tools and scripting languages. [Only numbers, letters, and underscores. Can not start with a number] Missing Data Identifiers: * In the BCO-DMO data system missing data identifiers are displayed according to the format of data you access. For example, in csv files it will be blank (null) values. In Matlab .mat files it will be NaN values. When viewing data online at BCO-DMO, the missing value will be shown as blank (null) values. * Taxonomic identifiers added to the metadata (Life Science Identifiers (LSID)). Names matched using the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) on 2024-01-02.1d:Ta50,NSF Award Abstract: The absorption of human-produced carbon dioxide into the world's oceans is altering the chemistry of seawater, including decreasing its pH. Such changes, collectively called "ocean acidification", are expected to influence numerous types of sea creatures. This project examines how shifts in ocean pH affect animal behavior and thus interactions among species. It uses a case study system that involves sea star predators, snail grazers that they eat, and seaweeds consumed by the latter. The rocky-shore habitats where these organisms live have a long history of attention, and new findings from this work will further extend an already-large body of marine ecological knowledge. The project provides support for graduate and undergraduate students, including underrepresented students from a nearby community college. The project underpins the development of a new educational module for local K-12 schools. Findings will moreover be communicated to the public through the use of short film documentaries, as well as through established relationships with policy, management, and industry groups, and contacts with the media. Ocean acidification is a global-scale perturbation. Most research on the topic, however, has examined effects on single species operating in isolation, leaving interactions among species underexplored. This project confronts this knowledge gap by considering how ocean acidification may shift predator-prey relationships through altered behavior. It targets as a model system sea stars, their gastropod grazer prey, and macoalgae consumed by the latter, via four lines of inquiry. 1) The project examines the functional response of the focal taxa to altered seawater chemistry, using experiments that target up to 16 discrete levels of pH. This experimental design is essential for identifying nonlinearities and tipping points. 2) The project addresses both consumptive and non-consumptive components of direct and indirect species interactions. The capacity of ocean acidification to influence such links is poorly known, and better understanding of this issue is a recognized priority. 3) The project combines controlled laboratory experiments with field trials that exploit tide pools and their unique pH signatures as natural mesocosms. Field tests of ocean acidification effects are relatively rare and are sorely needed. 4) A final research phase expands upon the above three components to address effects of ocean acidification on multiple additional taxa that interact in rocky intertidal systems, to provide a broad database that may have utility for future experiments or modeling.6:["$","$L19",null,{"dataset":{"_id":"948222","description":"$1a","problem":"","acquisition":"$1b","processing":"

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This is the source file imported into the BCO-DMO data system for dataset 948222 version 1 (https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/948222). \n\n\"Predation stats.R\" = Nucella predation analysis part 1\n\n\"Predation stats round 2.R\" = Nucella predation analysis part 2\n\nPredation with retraction stats.R =Nucella predation analysis part 3\n","filename":"Nucella_predation_analysis_package.zip","bytesize":155466,"checksum":{"value":"fedc8e5c93255c39c543b2102fdfd86d","Algorithm":{"_id":"190","name":"MD5"}},"mimetype":"application/zip","fileType":{"_id":"196","name":"ZIP Archive (ZIP)"},"isErddap":"","date":"","isPublicDuringEmbargo":false,"primaryDataFile":false,"showTable":false,"restricted":false}],"roles":[{"role":{"_id":"138","name":"Principal Investigator"},"performedBy":{"_id":"51061","name":"Brian Gaylord"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"148","name":"University of California - Davis: Bodega Marine Laboratory"}},{"role":{"_id":"128","name":"Student"},"performedBy":{"_id":"869572","name":"Gabriel Ng"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"148","name":"University of California - Davis: Bodega Marine Laboratory"}},{"role":{"_id":"145","name":"BCO-DMO Data Manager"},"performedBy":{"_id":"643627","name":"Amber D. 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the number of days since the start of the experiment.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"days"},"type":{"_id":"1838","name":"time_elapsed","description":"

Elapsed time. Units can be seconds, minutes, etc.

"}},{"_id":"959495","name":"Date_local","format":"%Y-%m-%d","frictionlessType":"date","description":"

date (local, US/Pacific time zone) of data collection.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"799","name":"date_local","description":"

local month, day and year, usually as a text string, e.g. feb10_1995. It is better to use one of the other forms of presenting date and time data so that the data can be used in computations and for comparisons. Note, if the string begins with numbers but also includes letters, there may be problems using the field name for retrieval.

"}},{"_id":"959496","name":"Time_local","format":"%H:%M","frictionlessType":"time","description":"

time (local, US/Pacific time zone) of data collection.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1007","name":"time_local","description":"

time of day, local time, using 2400 clock format

"}},{"_id":"959497","name":"ISO_DateTime_UTC","format":"%Y-%m-%dT%H:%MZ","frictionlessType":"datetime","description":"

datetime with timezone (UTC, in ISO 8601 format) of the data collection.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1908","name":"ISO_DateTime_UTC","description":"

Date/Time (UTC) ISO formatted
\nThis standard is based on ISO 8601:2004(E) and takes on any of the following forms:
\n2009-08-30T09:05:00[.xx] (local time)
\n2009-08-30T14:05:00[.xx]Z (UTC time)
\n2009-08-30T14:05:00[.xx]-05:00
\nThe dashes and the colons can be dropped.
\nThe T can also be dropped \"by mutual agreement\", but one needs the trailing Z if the time is UTC.

Sample ISO_datetime_utc:
\n2009-08-30T14:05:00[.xx]Z (UTC time)

Format: YYYY-mm-ddTHH:MM:SS[.xx]Z (UTC time)

"}},{"_id":"959498","name":"Sump","format":"","frictionlessType":"string","description":"

Sump identifier. Which of two sump tanks were used in the experiment.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1741","name":"sample_descrip","description":"

text description or other traits of the sample collected

"}},{"_id":"959499","name":"Container","format":"","frictionlessType":"string","description":"

mesocosm identfier. A unique identifier for individual mesocosm.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1992","name":"tank","description":"

Tank Number or Tank Id. Used to identify tanks/containers used in various experiments

"}},{"_id":"959500","name":"Container_past","format":"","frictionlessType":"string","description":"

mesocosm identfier. a unique identifier for past mesocosms the snails were housed in.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1992","name":"tank","description":"

Tank Number or Tank Id. Used to identify tanks/containers used in various experiments

"}},{"_id":"959501","name":"Indiv","format":"","frictionlessType":"integer","description":"

a unique identifier for each individual Nucella (another identifier seprate from to column "Individual")

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"2000","name":"individual","description":"

Individual Number or Individual Id. Used to identify individual specimens in various experiments

"}},{"_id":"959502","name":"Induced","format":"","frictionlessType":"string","description":"

whether the snail has an induced morphology or not.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1073","name":"no_bcodmo_term","description":"

An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

"}},{"_id":"959503","name":"Tethered","format":"","frictionlessType":"string","description":"

whether the snails were tethered (T) or not (NT).

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"489066","name":"treatment","description":"

Experimental conditions applied to experimental units. In comparative experiments, members of the complementary group, the control group, receive either no treatment or a standard treatment.

"}},{"_id":"959504","name":"Pisaster_size","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

the size of the Pisaster used (length in mm from madreporite to longest arm).

","units":{"_id":"","name":"millimeters (mm)"},"type":{"_id":"1097","name":"length","description":"

Length is a one-dimensional extent equal to the distance between two points.

"}},{"_id":"959505","name":"Individual","format":"","frictionlessType":"string","description":"

a unique identifier for individual Nucella (another identifier seprate from to column "Indiv")

","units":{"_id":"","name":"units"},"type":{"_id":"2000","name":"individual","description":"

Individual Number or Individual Id. Used to identify individual specimens in various experiments

"}},{"_id":"959506","name":"Length","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

the length of the Nucella shell from the apex to the notch (in mm).

","units":{"_id":"","name":"millimeters (mm)"},"type":{"_id":"1097","name":"length","description":"

Length is a one-dimensional extent equal to the distance between two points.

"}},{"_id":"959507","name":"Height","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

the vertical distance from the base of the aperture to the top of the shell (in mm).

","units":{"_id":"","name":"millimeters (mm)"},"type":{"_id":"663027","name":"height","description":"

The measurement of an organism or object from base to top

"}},{"_id":"959508","name":"Retraction","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

the retraction distance of the snail (in mm).

","units":{"_id":"","name":"millimeters (mm)"},"type":{"_id":"1073","name":"no_bcodmo_term","description":"

An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

"}},{"_id":"959509","name":"Weight","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

the weight of the snail (in grams).

","units":{"_id":"","name":"grams (g)"},"type":{"_id":"1678","name":"weight","description":"

Weight of a sample or object; see dataset for units of measurement. Weight is a physical quality inhering in a bearer that has mass near a gravitational body. (Mass and weight are not equivalent.)

"}},{"_id":"959510","name":"Survival","format":"","frictionlessType":"integer","description":"

whether the individual Nucella is alive or not with 1 coded as alive and 0 coded as dead.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1073","name":"no_bcodmo_term","description":"

An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

"}},{"_id":"959511","name":"Eating","format":"","frictionlessType":"string","description":"

denotes whether the individual Nucella was being consumed by Pisaster at that observation point.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1073","name":"no_bcodmo_term","description":"

An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

"}}],"related_publications":[{"id":"948176","citation":"Ng, G., & Gaylord, B. (2025). Identifying the role of fear in trophic cascades. Ecosphere. Manuscript in preparation.","relation_type":["Results"],"relation_desc":""}],"related_datasets":[{"_id":"947753","name":"Algal consumption data: Tegula with Cancer productus as the predator","url":"","relation_type":"IsRelatedTo","type_desc":"

The dataset is related to another dataset.

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