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            <gco:CharacterString>Cite this dataset as: Nishizaki, M. T. (2025) Gene expression data from mussels (Mytilus edulis) subjected to stable versus fluctuating temperatures from laboratory experiments conducted in 2023. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2025-02-18 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.953794.1 [access date]</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>Methods and Sampling: &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Blue mussels (&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Mytilus edulis &amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;Linneaus, 1758) were collected from Black Point in Narragansett Bay, RI (41° 24′ 4.4964″ N, 71° 27′ 43.8228″ W) and transported in chilled coolers to the lab at Carleton College in Nothfield, MN, USA. Mussels were acclimated in recirculating seawater (Instant Ocean, Blacksburg, VA, USA) for 2-3 weeks at 14°C and fed commercial Shellfish Diet 1800 (Reed Mariculture, Campbell, CA, USA) at a rate of 5% dry mussel tissue weight day&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-1&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
72 adult mussels [initial shell length =&amp;amp;nbsp;60.11 ± 0.58&amp;amp;nbsp;mm (± SE)] were divided into four treatment groups and placed into glass aquaria (50 × 25 × 31 cm) filled with 10 L of artificial seawater. Tanks were aerated and temperatures maintained using submersible heating elements (Biotherm 1000 W Titanium Heating Element, Blueline Aquatics, San Antonio, TX, USA).&amp;amp;nbsp;Temperature loggers (HOBO Pro v2; Onset Computer Corporation, Pocasset, MA;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;temperature sensor precision = 0.01°C.&amp;amp;nbsp;) measured water temperature in each tank every 10 s.&amp;amp;nbsp;Thermal conditions included three stable temperature treatments (14.96 ± 0.14°C, 20.51 ± 0.49°C and, 24.99 ± 0.62°C; mean ± standard deviation) and one fluctuating temperature treatment alternating between 15°C and 25°C every 6 hours&amp;amp;nbsp;(20.15 ± 4.67°C).&amp;amp;nbsp;All mussels were fed commercial Shellfish Diet 1800 (Reed Mariculture, Campbell, CA, USA)&amp;amp;nbsp;at a rate of 5% dry mussel tissue weight. day&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-1&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
For each of the four temperature treatments, three replicate mussels were sampled on six consecutive days to extract RNA from gill lamellae tissue (20 mg). Gene expression was halted immediately by immersing each mussel in liquid nitrogen. Tissue was manually homogenized using needle syringes (19 gauge; Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ) and RNA was extracted using Monarch® Total RNA Miniprep Kits according to the manufacturer’s protocol (New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA). After RNA extraction, each sample concentration, integrity, and quality were assessed using both a Qubit 4 Fluorometer using Qubit™ RNA Broad Range Assay Kits and Qubit™ RNA IQ Assay Kits (Thermo Scientific, Wilmington, DE, USA) and a Nanodrop One UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific, Wilmington, DE, USA).&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Primers for heat-shock protein 70 (hsp70), NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (NADH), and elongation factor 1 alpha (ELF-a)&amp;amp;nbsp;genes were derived from previous sequences reported&amp;amp;nbsp;for&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Mytilus edulis&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;(sequence information provided below).&amp;amp;nbsp;Forward and reverse primers were designed using Primer3web (v4.1.0) and synthesized by Integrated DNA Technologies (Coralville, IA, USA).&amp;amp;nbsp;We quantified gene expression via one-step quantitative reverse transcription (Luna Universal One-Step RT-qPCR Kit, New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA) using a QuantStudio 5 qPCR machine (Thermo Scientific, Wilmington, DE, USA). The PCR thermal program consisted of initial denaturation (95°C, 1 minute) followed by 40 cycles of denaturation (95°C, 10 seconds) and extension (60°C, 30 seconds). A melt curve was run to confirm that the products were indeed a single amplicon. For each biological replicate (e.g., each of the 69 mussels sampled), 3 technical replicates were run.&amp;amp;nbsp;C&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;q&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;values for technical replicates were within&amp;amp;nbsp;0.5 cycles&amp;amp;nbsp;(Nolan et al., 2006). Expression levels were standardized to&amp;amp;nbsp;elf-a&amp;amp;nbsp;reference gene expression.&amp;amp;nbsp;Amplification data was used to estimate relative expression (RQ = 2-∆∆CT). For every temperature treatment, differences in relative gene expression were analyzed between each day compared to day 1 with unpaired Student’s t-tests. Analyses were conducted using MATLAB R2024a (MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA).&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Species&amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;Target&amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; Forward primer (5'-3')&amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;Reverse&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;primer (5'-3')&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; size (bp)&amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; Genbank_Accession #&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Mytilus edulis&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp; HSP70&amp;amp;nbsp; AGA CAC AGG GCG TAC AAG AA&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp; ATG CTG CCA AGA ACC AAG TG&amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;259&amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;HBDQ01298109.1 (BioProject: PRJEB41447)&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Mytilus edulis&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp; ELF-a&amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; CAG GAG ACA ATG TTG GTT TCA A&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;AAA TTC ATC AAA TCT GGG GAT G&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp; 328&amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;AY580270.1&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Organism identifiers:&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Taxonomic name used in metadata, common name, Life Science Identifier (LSID)&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;quot;Mytilus edulis ( Linneaus, 1758)&amp;quot;, blue mussel, urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:140480&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Blue mussels (&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Mytilus edulis &amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;Linneaus, 1758) were collected from Black Point in Narragansett Bay, RI (41° 24′ 4.4964″ N, 71° 27′ 43.8228″ W) and transported in chilled coolers to the lab at Carleton College in Nothfield, MN, USA. Mussels were acclimated in recirculating seawater (Instant Ocean, Blacksburg, VA, USA) for 2-3 weeks at 14°C and fed commercial Shellfish Diet 1800 (Reed Mariculture, Campbell, CA, USA) at a rate of 5% dry mussel tissue weight day&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-1&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
72 adult mussels [initial shell length =&amp;amp;nbsp;60.11 ± 0.58&amp;amp;nbsp;mm (± SE)] were divided into four treatment groups and placed into glass aquaria (50 × 25 × 31 cm) filled with 10 L of artificial seawater. Tanks were aerated and temperatures maintained using submersible heating elements (Biotherm 1000 W Titanium Heating Element, Blueline Aquatics, San Antonio, TX, USA).&amp;amp;nbsp;Temperature loggers (HOBO Pro v2; Onset Computer Corporation, Pocasset, MA;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;temperature sensor precision = 0.01°C.&amp;amp;nbsp;) measured water temperature in each tank every 10 s.&amp;amp;nbsp;Thermal conditions included three stable temperature treatments (14.96 ± 0.14°C, 20.51 ± 0.49°C and, 24.99 ± 0.62°C; mean ± standard deviation) and one fluctuating temperature treatment alternating between 15°C and 25°C every 6 hours&amp;amp;nbsp;(20.15 ± 4.67°C).&amp;amp;nbsp;All mussels were fed commercial Shellfish Diet 1800 (Reed Mariculture, Campbell, CA, USA)&amp;amp;nbsp;at a rate of 5% dry mussel tissue weight. day&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-1&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
For each of the four temperature treatments, three replicate mussels were sampled on six consecutive days to extract RNA from gill lamellae tissue (20 mg). Gene expression was halted immediately by immersing each mussel in liquid nitrogen. Tissue was manually homogenized using needle syringes (19 gauge; Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ) and RNA was extracted using Monarch® Total RNA Miniprep Kits according to the manufacturer’s protocol (New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA). After RNA extraction, each sample concentration, integrity, and quality were assessed using both a Qubit 4 Fluorometer using Qubit™ RNA Broad Range Assay Kits and Qubit™ RNA IQ Assay Kits (Thermo Scientific, Wilmington, DE, USA) and a Nanodrop One UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific, Wilmington, DE, USA).&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Primers for heat-shock protein 70 (hsp70), NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (NADH), and elongation factor 1 alpha (ELF-a)&amp;amp;nbsp;genes were derived from previous sequences reported&amp;amp;nbsp;for&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Mytilus edulis&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;(sequence information provided below).&amp;amp;nbsp;Forward and reverse primers were designed using Primer3web (v4.1.0) and synthesized by Integrated DNA Technologies (Coralville, IA, USA).&amp;amp;nbsp;We quantified gene expression via one-step quantitative reverse transcription (Luna Universal One-Step RT-qPCR Kit, New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA) using a QuantStudio 5 qPCR machine (Thermo Scientific, Wilmington, DE, USA). The PCR thermal program consisted of initial denaturation (95°C, 1 minute) followed by 40 cycles of denaturation (95°C, 10 seconds) and extension (60°C, 30 seconds). A melt curve was run to confirm that the products were indeed a single amplicon. For each biological replicate (e.g., each of the 69 mussels sampled), 3 technical replicates were run.&amp;amp;nbsp;C&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;q&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;values for technical replicates were within&amp;amp;nbsp;0.5 cycles&amp;amp;nbsp;(Nolan et al., 2006). Expression levels were standardized to&amp;amp;nbsp;elf-a&amp;amp;nbsp;reference gene expression.&amp;amp;nbsp;Amplification data was used to estimate relative expression (RQ = 2-∆∆CT). For every temperature treatment, differences in relative gene expression were analyzed between each day compared to day 1 with unpaired Student’s t-tests. Analyses were conducted using MATLAB R2024a (MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA).&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Species&amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;Target&amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; Forward primer (5'-3')&amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;Reverse&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;primer (5'-3')&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; size (bp)&amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; Genbank_Accession #&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Mytilus edulis&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp; HSP70&amp;amp;nbsp; AGA CAC AGG GCG TAC AAG AA&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp; ATG CTG CCA AGA ACC AAG TG&amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;259&amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;HBDQ01298109.1 (BioProject: PRJEB41447)&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Mytilus edulis&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp; ELF-a&amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; CAG GAG ACA ATG TTG GTT TCA A&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;AAA TTC ATC AAA TCT GGG GAT G&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp; 328&amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;AY580270.1&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Organism identifiers:&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Taxonomic name used in metadata, common name, Life Science Identifier (LSID)&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;quot;Mytilus edulis ( Linneaus, 1758)&amp;quot;, blue mussel, urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:140480&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Expression levels were standardized to a housekeeper gene, elf-a. Amplification data were used to estimate relative expression between temperature treatments. For every temperature treatment, differences in relative gene expression were analyzed between each day compared to day 1 and reported as Relative Quantification (RQ) = 2-∆∆CT. &amp;amp;nbsp;Analyses were conducted using the Relative Quantification app on the ThermoConnect platform (https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/digital-science/thermo-fisher-connect.html).&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gco:CharacterString>* Data table within submitted file &amp;quot;Mytilus_edulis_hsp70.csv&amp;quot; was imported into the BCO-DMO data system for this dataset. Values &amp;quot;nd&amp;quot; imported as missing data values.   Table will appear as Data File: 953794_v1_mussel-hsp70.csv (along with other download format options).

Missing Data Identifiers:
* In the BCO-DMO data system missing data identifiers are displayed according to the format of data you access. For example, in csv files it will be blank (null) values. In Matlab .mat files it will be NaN values. When viewing data online at BCO-DMO, the missing value will be shown as blank (null) values.

* Column names adjusted to conform to BCO-DMO naming conventions designed to support broad re-use by a variety of research tools and scripting languages. [Only numbers, letters, and underscores.  Can not start with a number]

* Date converted to ISO 8601 format


* LSIDs added for taxonomic names used in the metadata using the world register of marine species on 2025-02-18. Exact match to name used. 

* Geospaital bounds added for organism source location in RI as indicated was the relevant location for this dataset.  &amp;quot;Lab experiment at Carleton College in Northfild, MN conducted with organisms collected at Black Point in Narragansett Bay, RI &amp;quot;
 41° 24′ 4.4964″ N, 71° 27′ 43.8228″ W converted to decimal degrees for entry:   41.401249,-71.462173</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/instrument/924758.rdf" xlink:title="Thermo Scientific NanoDrop spectrophotometer" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Nanodrop One UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific, Wilmington, DE, USA)</gmx:Anchor>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>Nanodrop One UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific, Wilmington, DE, USA)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>PI Supplied Instrument Name: Nanodrop One UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific, Wilmington, DE, USA) Instrument Name: Thermo Scientific NanoDrop spectrophotometer Instrument Short Name:NanoDrop spectrophotometer   Instrument Description: Thermo Scientific NanoDrop spectrophotometers provide microvolume quantification and purity assessments of DNA, RNA, and protein samples. NanoDrop spectrophotometers work on the principle of ultraviolet-visible spectrum (UV-Vis) absorbance. The range consists of the NanoDrop One/OneC UV-Vis Spectrophotometers, NanoDrop Eight UV-Vis Spectrophotometer and NanoDrop Lite Plus UV Spectrophotometer.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      </gmi:MI_AcquisitionInformation>
  </gmi:acquisitionInformation>
</gmi:MI_Metadata>
