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                <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://ror.org/00390t168" xlink:title="ROR ID" xlink:actuate="onRequest">College of Charleston</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Cite this dataset as: Easson, C. G., Freeman, C. J., Fiore, C. L., Thacker, R. W. (2025) 16S microbiome metadata collected from shallow artificial reef sponges and seawater in the Florida Keys, USA from Apr 2021 to Aug 2021. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2025-02-21 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.953999.1 [access date]</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>16S microbiome data for artificial reef sponges and seawater Dataset Description:  Methods and Sampling: &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Location&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Samples were collected on shallow reefs (&amp;amp;lt;10m) in the Florida Keys, USA. The temporary artificial reef was constructed adjacent to patch reefs within the Looe Key special preservation area. At the conclusion of the experiment, the reef was completely dismantled.&amp;amp;nbsp;The environment was well mixed by wave action within minimal tidal influence.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Collection and Analysis&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Seawater samples were collected via VacuSIP and filtered through 0.2 µm membranes with a peristaltic pump to collect samples of ambient microbes. Total genomic DNA was extracted from cross sections of sponge tissue (~0.25 grams) and ½ of seawater filter membranes using Qiagen PowerSoil Powerlyzer extraction kit and following the manufacturers protocol. After DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed following the 16S Illumina Amplicon protocol of the Earth Microbiome project (&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-family:helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size:14.4px&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Caporaso, 2018)&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;with barcoded 16S rRNA primers (515F and 806R; (Apprill et al. 2015, Parada et al. 2016) and PCR products were cleaned using AMPure beads (Beckman Coulter). DNA concentration in cleaned products was measured using a Qubit fluorometer (Qubit). The concentration of each sample was diluted to 4 nM and then all samples were pooled in equal volumes. Pooled samples were then sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq platform following standard Illumina protocols for sample preparation and loading except that custom sequencing primers from the EMP protocol were used. A 500 cycle V2 chemistry MiSeq kit was used during sequencing, which yielded paired-end 250 base pair (bp) amplicons.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/award/772219.rdf" xlink:title="OCE-1915949" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1915949 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1915949</gmx:Anchor>
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        <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/award/772226.rdf" xlink:title="OCE-1756799" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1756799 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1756799</gmx:Anchor>
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        <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/award/772230.rdf" xlink:title="OCE-1929293" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1929293 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1929293</gmx:Anchor>
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        <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/award/772234.rdf" xlink:title="OCE-1756114" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1756114 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1756114</gmx:Anchor>
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        <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/award/772237.rdf" xlink:title="OCE-1756249" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1756249 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1756249</gmx:Anchor>
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        <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/award/772242.rdf" xlink:title="OCE-1756171" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1756171 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1756171</gmx:Anchor>
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&lt;p&gt;Marine sponges have been widely successful in their expansion across ecological niches in the Caribbean, with biomass often exceeding that of reef-building corals and high species diversity. However, whether this success is linked to efficient heterotrophic filter-feeding on organic carbon in the water column or to their evolutionary investment in microbial symbionts is yet to be fully elucidated. Microbial symbionts expand the metabolic capabilities of host sponges, supplementing heterotrophic feeding with inorganic carbon and nitrogen, mediating the assimilation of dissolved organic matter, and facilitating recycling of host-derived nitrogen. Despite these benefits, microbial symbiont communities are widely divergent across coexisting sponge species and there is substantial variation in host reliance on symbiont-derived carbon and nitrogen among host sponges; therefore, these associations likely mediate the ecological diversification of coexisting sponge species. The goal of this project is to test this transformative hypothesis by adopting an integrative approach to assess the individual components of holobiont metabolism (i.e., microbial symbionts and sponge host) in ten of the most common sponge species in the Caribbean. The investigators will isolate autotrophic and heterotrophic metabolic pathways and explore potential links between microbial symbiont community composition and the assimilation of particulate and dissolved organic matter (POM and DOM) from seawater. This project will elucidate whether Caribbean sponge species are on similar or divergent evolutionary trajectories, and will provide information that is critical for our understanding of how conditions in the Caribbean basin have shaped the evolution of benthic organisms.&lt;/p&gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>PI Supplied Instrument Name: Thermal cycler PI Supplied Instrument Description:Thermal cycler - Used for polymerase chain reaction Instrument Name: Thermal Cycler Instrument Short Name:Thermal Cycler   Instrument Description: A thermal cycler or &quot;thermocycler&quot; is a general term for a type of laboratory apparatus, commonly used for performing polymerase chain reaction (PCR), that is capable of repeatedly altering and maintaining specific temperatures for defined periods of time. The device has a thermal block with holes where tubes with the PCR reaction mixtures can be inserted. The cycler then raises and lowers the temperature of the block in discrete, pre-programmed steps. They can also be used to facilitate other temperature-sensitive reactions, including restriction enzyme digestion or rapid diagnostics.

(adapted from http://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/research_methods/genomics/pcr.html)</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      </gmi:MI_AcquisitionInformation>
  </gmi:acquisitionInformation>
</gmi:MI_Metadata>
