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            <gco:CharacterString>Cite this dataset as: Lloyd, C., Ghobrial, S., Arnosti, C. (2025) Peptidase and glucosidase activities from mesocosm and bulk water incubations from waters taken aboard the R/V Endeavor in the Western North Atlantic during the research cruise EN683 in May and June, 2022. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2025-03-17 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.956085.1 [access date]</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>Peptidase and glucosidase activities Dataset Description:  Methods and Sampling: &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Mesocosm incubations:&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;For mesocosm (large volume) incubation experiments (referred to as “LV” incubations), seawater was transferred to 20 L carboys that were rinsed three times with water from the sampling depth and then filled with seawater from a single Niskin bottle, using silicone tubing that had been acid washed then rinsed with distilled water prior to use. Four carboys were filled from bottom water and deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) water each, according to the CTD. Triplicate 20L carboys (a total of 9 carboys) were amended with high molecular weight material isolated from the diatom Thalassiosira, or the polysaccharide fucodian, or the polysaccharide arabinogalactan; unamended single carboys were used for controls. From each carboy, water was dispensed into smaller glass containers that were cleaned and pre-rinsed three times with water from the carboy prior to dispensing. This water was used to measure the activities of peptidases, and glucosidases. A separate glass Duran bottle was filled with seawater from the carboy and sterilized in an autoclave to serve as a killed control for microbial activity measurements. All mesocosms were incubated in the dark at near in-situ temperatures. Mesocosms were sub-sampled for peptidase and glucosidase activity measurements at the start of incubation (0 days), and then after at approximately 5d, 10d, 15d, and 25d. To measure gluosidase and peptidase activities at each timepoint, water was collected from the mesocosms as described above.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;For these measurements, seven glucosidase and peptidase substrates were set up in a 96-well plate. The substrates used included alpha-glucose and beta-glucose linked to a 4-methylumbelliferyl (MUF) fluorophore to measure&amp;amp;nbsp; exo-acting glucosidase activities. Five substrates linked to a 7-amido-4-methyl coumarin (MCA) fluorophore, including one amino acid – leucine – and four oligopeptides – the chymotrypsin substrates alanine-alanine-phenylalanine (AAF) and alanine-alanine-proline-phenylalanine (AAPF), and the trypsin substrates glutamine-alanine-arginine (QAR) and phenylalanine-serine-arginine (FSR) – were used to measure exo- and endo-acting peptidase activities, respectively. For each substrate, triplicate wells were filled with a total volume of 200 uL seawater for experimental incubations; triplicate wells were filled with 200 uL autoclaved seawater for killed control incubations. Substrate was added at saturating concentrations.&amp;amp;nbsp;A saturation curve was determined with surface water from each station to &amp;lt;u&amp;gt;identify &amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;saturating concentrations of substrate.&amp;amp;nbsp;The saturating concentration was identified as the lowest tested concentration of substrate at which additional substrate did not yield higher rates of hydrolysis. Fluorescence was measured over 24-48 hours incubation time with a plate reader (TECAN infiniteF200; 360 nm excitation, 460 emission), with timepoints taken every 4-6 hours. Bottom water measurements were made in a cold van/cold room at 4 C; water from the deep chlorophyll maximum was incubated at room temperature.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Bulk water incubations:&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Seawater was transferred to 20 L carboys that were rinsed three times with water from the sampling depth and then filled with seawater from a single Niskin bottle, using silicone tubing that had been acid washed then rinsed with distilled water prior to use. From each carboy, water was dispensed into smaller glass containers that were cleaned and pre-rinsed three times with water from the carboy prior to dispensing. This water was used to measure the activities of peptidases, and glucosidases. A separate glass Duran bottle was filled with seawater from the carboy and sterilized in an autoclave for 20-30 minutes to serve as a killed control for microbial activity measurements.Two substrates, alpha-glucose and beta-glucose linked to a 4-methylumbelliferyl (MUF) fluorophore, were used to measure glucosidase activities. Five substrates linked to a 7-amido-4-methyl coumarin (MCA) fluorophore, one amino acid – leucine – and four oligopeptides – the chymotrypsin substrates alanine-alanine-phenylalanine (AAF) and alanine-alanine-proline-phenylalanine (AAPF), and the trypsin substrates glutamine-alanine-arginine (QAR) and phenylalanine-serine-arginine (FSR) – were used to measure exo- and endo-acting peptidase activities, respectively. Incubations with the seven low molecular weight substrates were set up in a 96-well plate. For each substrate, triplicate wells were filled with a total volume of 200 uL seawater for experimental incubations; triplicate wells were filled with 200 uL autoclaved seawater for killed control incubations. Substrate was added at saturating concentrations.&amp;amp;nbsp;A saturation curve was determined with surface water from each station to identify&amp;amp;nbsp;saturating concentrations of substrate.The saturating concentration was identified as the lowest tested concentration of substrate at which additional substrate did not yield higher rates of hydrolysis. Fluorescence was measured over 0-72 hours incubation time with a plate reader (TECAN infiniteF200; 360 nm excitation, 460 emission), with timepoints taken every 4-6 hours.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/award/896821.rdf" xlink:title="OCE-2022952" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-2022952 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=2022952</gmx:Anchor>
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	Description: &lt;p&gt;Station number for cruise&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956155.rdf
	Name: longitude
	Units: decimal degrees
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Longitude, west is negative&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956156.rdf
	Name: latitude
	Units: decimal degrees
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Latitude, south is negative&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956157.rdf
	Name: date
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Date of sample collection in ISO format (yyyy-mm-dd), US Eastern Time (UTC-05:00)&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956158.rdf
	Name: time
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Time of sample collection in ISO format (hh:mm:ss), US Eastern Time (UTC-05:00)&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956159.rdf
	Name: ISO_DateTime_UTC
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;DateTime of sample collection in ISO format in GMT/UTC Time&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956160.rdf
	Name: cast_number
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Cast number (refers to cast of CTD/Niskin bottles on cruise)&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956161.rdf
	Name: depth_actual
	Units: meters (m)
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Actual depth at which water was collected&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956162.rdf
	Name: sample_type
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Sample from bulk water or Large Volume incubation&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956163.rdf
	Name: Incubation_Temp
	Units: Degrees Celsius (°C)
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Temperature of incubation, RT (~20-25°C).&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956164.rdf
	Name: unamended_amended
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Whether high molecular weight organic mater was added or not; U for unamended, F, A, T refer to type of organic mater added (Fucodian, Arabinogalactan, Thalassiosira extract), the following number corresponds to amended incubation replicate.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956165.rdf
	Name: Sub_sample_day
	Units: days
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Days post amendment when subsample was taken prior to substate addition and enzymatic activity measurement.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956166.rdf
	Name: substrate
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Substrates for measurement of enzymatic activities:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;* a-glu: substrate to measure alpha glucosidase: 4-methylumbelliferyl-α-D-&lt;br /&gt;
* b-glu: substrate to measure beta glucosidase: 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-&lt;br /&gt;
* L: substrate to measure leucine aminopeptidase (L-leucine-7-amido-4 MCA)&lt;br /&gt;
* AAF: substrate to measure chymotrypsin activity: ala-ala-phe-MCA&lt;br /&gt;
* AAPF: substrate to measure chymotrypsin activity: N-succinyl-ala-ala-pro-phe-MCA&lt;br /&gt;
* QAR: substrate to measure trypsin activity: Boc-gln-ala-arg-MCA&lt;br /&gt;
* FSR: substrate to measure trypsin activity: N-t-boc-phe-ser-arg-MCA&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956167.rdf
	Name: rate_6hr
	Units: nmol L-1 h-0
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Measured hydrolysis rate at indicated time interval (6hr, 12hr, 18hr, ...) post substrate addition. Blank = not measured&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956168.rdf
	Name: sd_6hr
	Units: nmol L-1 h-1
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Standard deviation of measured hydrolysis rate at indicated time interval (6hr, 12hr, 18hr, ...) post substrate addition. Blank = not measured&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956169.rdf
	Name: rate_12hr
	Units: nmol L-1 h-1
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Measured hydrolysis rate at indicated time interval (6hr, 12hr, 18hr, ...) post substrate addition. Blank = not measured&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956170.rdf
	Name: sd_12hr
	Units: nmol L-1 h-1
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Standard deviation of measured hydrolysis rate at indicated time interval (6hr, 12hr, 18hr, ...) post substrate addition. Blank = not measured&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956171.rdf
	Name: rate_18hr
	Units: nmol L-1 h-1
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Measured hydrolysis rate at indicated time interval (6hr, 12hr, 18hr, ...) post substrate addition. Blank = not measured&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956172.rdf
	Name: sd_18hr
	Units: nmol L-1 h-1
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Standard deviation of measured hydrolysis rate at indicated time interval (6hr, 12hr, 18hr, ...) post substrate addition. Blank = not measured&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956173.rdf
	Name: rate_24hr
	Units: nmol L-1 h-1
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Measured hydrolysis rate at indicated time interval (6hr, 12hr, 18hr, ...) post substrate addition. Blank = not measured&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956174.rdf
	Name: sd_24hr
	Units: nmol L-1 h-1
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Standard deviation of measured hydrolysis rate at indicated time interval (6hr, 12hr, 18hr, ...) post substrate addition. Blank = not measured&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956175.rdf
	Name: rate_36hr
	Units: nmol L-1 h-1
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Measured hydrolysis rate at indicated time interval (6hr, 12hr, 18hr, ...) post substrate addition. Blank = not measured&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956176.rdf
	Name: sd_36hr
	Units: nmol L-1 h-1
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Standard deviation of measured hydrolysis rate at indicated time interval (6hr, 12hr, 18hr, ...) post substrate addition. Blank = not measured&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956177.rdf
	Name: rate_48hr
	Units: nmol L-1 h-1
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Measured hydrolysis rate at indicated time interval (6hr, 12hr, 18hr, ...) post substrate addition. Blank = not measured&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956178.rdf
	Name: sd_48hr
	Units: nmol L-1 h-1
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Standard deviation of measured hydrolysis rate at indicated time interval (6hr, 12hr, 18hr, ...) post substrate addition. Blank = not measured&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956179.rdf
	Name: rate_72hr
	Units: nmol L-1 h-1
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Measured hydrolysis rate at indicated time interval (6hr, 12hr, 18hr, ...) post substrate addition. Blank = not measured&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956180.rdf
	Name: sd_72hr
	Units: nmol L-1 h-1
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Standard deviation of measured hydrolysis rate at indicated time interval (6hr, 12hr, 18hr, ...) post substrate addition. Blank = not measured&lt;/p&gt; 
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&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;For mesocosm (large volume) incubation experiments (referred to as “LV” incubations), seawater was transferred to 20 L carboys that were rinsed three times with water from the sampling depth and then filled with seawater from a single Niskin bottle, using silicone tubing that had been acid washed then rinsed with distilled water prior to use. Four carboys were filled from bottom water and deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) water each, according to the CTD. Triplicate 20L carboys (a total of 9 carboys) were amended with high molecular weight material isolated from the diatom Thalassiosira, or the polysaccharide fucodian, or the polysaccharide arabinogalactan; unamended single carboys were used for controls. From each carboy, water was dispensed into smaller glass containers that were cleaned and pre-rinsed three times with water from the carboy prior to dispensing. This water was used to measure the activities of peptidases, and glucosidases. A separate glass Duran bottle was filled with seawater from the carboy and sterilized in an autoclave to serve as a killed control for microbial activity measurements. All mesocosms were incubated in the dark at near in-situ temperatures. Mesocosms were sub-sampled for peptidase and glucosidase activity measurements at the start of incubation (0 days), and then after at approximately 5d, 10d, 15d, and 25d. To measure gluosidase and peptidase activities at each timepoint, water was collected from the mesocosms as described above.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;For these measurements, seven glucosidase and peptidase substrates were set up in a 96-well plate. The substrates used included alpha-glucose and beta-glucose linked to a 4-methylumbelliferyl (MUF) fluorophore to measure&amp;amp;nbsp; exo-acting glucosidase activities. Five substrates linked to a 7-amido-4-methyl coumarin (MCA) fluorophore, including one amino acid – leucine – and four oligopeptides – the chymotrypsin substrates alanine-alanine-phenylalanine (AAF) and alanine-alanine-proline-phenylalanine (AAPF), and the trypsin substrates glutamine-alanine-arginine (QAR) and phenylalanine-serine-arginine (FSR) – were used to measure exo- and endo-acting peptidase activities, respectively. For each substrate, triplicate wells were filled with a total volume of 200 uL seawater for experimental incubations; triplicate wells were filled with 200 uL autoclaved seawater for killed control incubations. Substrate was added at saturating concentrations.&amp;amp;nbsp;A saturation curve was determined with surface water from each station to &amp;lt;u&amp;gt;identify &amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;saturating concentrations of substrate.&amp;amp;nbsp;The saturating concentration was identified as the lowest tested concentration of substrate at which additional substrate did not yield higher rates of hydrolysis. Fluorescence was measured over 24-48 hours incubation time with a plate reader (TECAN infiniteF200; 360 nm excitation, 460 emission), with timepoints taken every 4-6 hours. Bottom water measurements were made in a cold van/cold room at 4 C; water from the deep chlorophyll maximum was incubated at room temperature.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Bulk water incubations:&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Seawater was transferred to 20 L carboys that were rinsed three times with water from the sampling depth and then filled with seawater from a single Niskin bottle, using silicone tubing that had been acid washed then rinsed with distilled water prior to use. From each carboy, water was dispensed into smaller glass containers that were cleaned and pre-rinsed three times with water from the carboy prior to dispensing. This water was used to measure the activities of peptidases, and glucosidases. A separate glass Duran bottle was filled with seawater from the carboy and sterilized in an autoclave for 20-30 minutes to serve as a killed control for microbial activity measurements.Two substrates, alpha-glucose and beta-glucose linked to a 4-methylumbelliferyl (MUF) fluorophore, were used to measure glucosidase activities. Five substrates linked to a 7-amido-4-methyl coumarin (MCA) fluorophore, one amino acid – leucine – and four oligopeptides – the chymotrypsin substrates alanine-alanine-phenylalanine (AAF) and alanine-alanine-proline-phenylalanine (AAPF), and the trypsin substrates glutamine-alanine-arginine (QAR) and phenylalanine-serine-arginine (FSR) – were used to measure exo- and endo-acting peptidase activities, respectively. Incubations with the seven low molecular weight substrates were set up in a 96-well plate. For each substrate, triplicate wells were filled with a total volume of 200 uL seawater for experimental incubations; triplicate wells were filled with 200 uL autoclaved seawater for killed control incubations. Substrate was added at saturating concentrations.&amp;amp;nbsp;A saturation curve was determined with surface water from each station to identify&amp;amp;nbsp;saturating concentrations of substrate.The saturating concentration was identified as the lowest tested concentration of substrate at which additional substrate did not yield higher rates of hydrolysis. Fluorescence was measured over 0-72 hours incubation time with a plate reader (TECAN infiniteF200; 360 nm excitation, 460 emission), with timepoints taken every 4-6 hours.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Hydrolysis rates were calculated from the rate of increase of fluorescence in the incubation over time relative to a set of standards of known concentration of fluorophore.&amp;amp;nbsp; Calculations followed the procedure outlined in the tutorial available in the associated Github repository (https://github.com/ArnostiLab/ArnostiLab-RScript-Demo-PlateRdr/tree/master/scripts (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14783119).&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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