http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/956540
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2025-03-19
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Element quotas of individual phytoplankton cells from four Bermuda Atlantic Iron Time-Series (BAIT) cruises in 2019
2025-06-04
publication
2025-06-04
revision
Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)
2025-06-04
publication
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.956540.1
Benjamin Twining
Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Twining, B. (2025) Element quotas of individual phytoplankton cells from four Bermuda Atlantic Iron Time-Series (BAIT) cruises in 2019. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2025-06-04 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.956540.1 [access date]
BAIT phytoplankton element quotas Dataset Description: Methods and Sampling: <p>Samples were collected on 4 cruises (AE1909, AE1921, AE1930, and EN63) in the Western North Atlantic at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series Study region. Single-cell synchrotron x-ray fluorescence (SXRF) samples were collected from the surface mixed layer using a trace-metal clean rosette. Whole water samples were preserved with 0.25% trace-metal clean buffered glutaraldehyde (Twining et al., 2003) and centrifuged onto SiN TEM windows. Windows were briefly rinsed with a drop of ultrapure water and dried in a Class-100 cabinet. SXRF analysis was performed using the 2-ID-E beamline at the Advanced Photon source (Argonne National Laboratory) following the protocols of Twining et al. (2011). Each cell was raster scanned with a focused 10 keV x-ray beam with a diameter of approximately 0.5 micrometers (um).</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1829819 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1829819
completed
Benjamin Twining
Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences
207-315-2567
60 Bigelow Drive PO Box 380
East Boothbay
ME
04544-0380
USA
btwining@bigelow.org
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
aps_run
MDA
Cruise
Station
Depth_m
Depth
Vol
cellC_mol
log_Si_C
log_Fe_C
log_Cu_C
log_Zn_C
log_P_C
log_S_C
log_Mn_C
log_Co_C
log_Ni_C
log_C_P
flag_C_P
flag_Fe_C
flag_Zn_C
flag_Mn_C
flag_Ni_C
flag_Co_C
flag_Cu_C
bf_image_filename
maps_filename
spectra_filename
Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence microscope
theme
None, User defined
sample identification
Cruise identfier
station
depth
sample description
volume
biomass_C
ratio
quality flag
file_name
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
X-ray fluorescence analyzer
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
AE1909
AE1921
AE1930
EN631
service
Deployment Activity
Western North Atlantic; Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series Study region, waters of the western Subtropical North Atlantic Gyre (ca. 30°N-33°N, 62°W-65°W)
Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series Study region, waters of the western Subtropical North Atlantic Gyre (ca. 30°N-33°N, 62°W-65°W)
place
Locations
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
U.S. GEOTRACES
http://www.geotraces.org/
U.S. GEOTRACES
GEOTRACES is a SCOR sponsored program; and funding for program infrastructure development is provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation.
GEOTRACES gained momentum following a special symposium, S02: Biogeochemical cycling of trace elements and isotopes in the ocean and applications to constrain contemporary marine processes (GEOSECS II), at a 2003 Goldschmidt meeting convened in Japan. The GEOSECS II acronym referred to the Geochemical Ocean Section Studies To determine full water column distributions of selected trace elements and isotopes, including their concentration, chemical speciation, and physical form, along a sufficient number of sections in each ocean basin to establish the principal relationships between these distributions and with more traditional hydrographic parameters;
* To evaluate the sources, sinks, and internal cycling of these species and thereby characterize more completely the physical, chemical and biological processes regulating their distributions, and the sensitivity of these processes to global change; and
* To understand the processes that control the concentrations of geochemical species used for proxies of the past environment, both in the water column and in the substrates that reflect the water column.
GEOTRACES will be global in scope, consisting of ocean sections complemented by regional process studies. Sections and process studies will combine fieldwork, laboratory experiments and modelling. Beyond realizing the scientific objectives identified above, a natural outcome of this work will be to build a community of marine scientists who understand the processes regulating trace element cycles sufficiently well to exploit this knowledge reliably in future interdisciplinary studies.
Expand "Projects" below for information about and data resulting from individual US GEOTRACES research projects.
U.S. GEOTRACES
largerWorkCitation
program
NSFGEO-NERC: Collaborative Research: Using Time-series Field Observations to Constrain an Ocean Iron Model
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/822807
NSFGEO-NERC: Collaborative Research: Using Time-series Field Observations to Constrain an Ocean Iron Model
<p><strong><em>NSF and NERC Award Abstract:</em></strong><br />
Iron is an essential nutrient for the growth of phytoplankton in the oceans. As such, iron plays key roles in regulating marine primary production and the cycling of carbon. It is thus important that models of ocean biology and chemistry consider iron, in order to explore past, present and future variations in marine productivity and the role of the ocean in the global carbon cycle. In this joint project involving researchers in the U.S. and the U.K., supported by both NSF and the Natural Environment Research Council (U.K.), field data from the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) region will be combined with an established, state-of-the-art ocean biogeochemical model. By leveraging the known seasonal-scale physical, chemical and biological changes in the BATS region, the oceanographic context provided by the BATS core data, and an existing model of the regional physical circulation, the proposed study will yield process-related information that is of general applicability to the open ocean. In particular, the proposed research will focus on understanding the atmospheric input, biological uptake, regeneration and scavenging removal of dissolved iron in the oceanic water column, which have emerged as major uncertainties in the ocean iron cycle. The project will include significant educational and training contributions at the K-12, undergraduate, graduate and postdoctoral levels, as well as public outreach efforts that aim to explain the research and its importance.</p>
<p>The ability of ocean models to simulate iron remains crude, owing to an insufficient understanding of the mechanisms that drive variability in dissolved iron, particularly the involvement of iron-binding ligands, colloids and particles in the surface input, biological uptake, regeneration and scavenging of dissolved iron in the upper ocean. Basin-scale data produced by the GEOTRACES program provide an important resource for testing and improving models and, by extension, our mechanistic understanding of the ocean iron cycle. However such data provide only quasi-synoptic 'snapshots', which limits their utility in isolating and identifying the processes that control dissolved iron in the upper ocean. The proposed research aims to provide mechanistic insight into these governing processes by combining time-series data from the BATS region with numerical modeling experiments. Specifically, seasonally resolved data on the vertical (upper 2,000 meters) and lateral (tens of kilometers) distributions of particulate, dissolved, colloidal, soluble and ligand-bound iron species will be obtained from the chemical analysis of water column samples collected during five cruises, spanning a full annual cycle, shared with the monthly BATS program cruises. These data, along with ancillary data from the BATS program, will be used to test and inform numerical modeling experiments, and thus derive an improved understanding of the mechanisms that control the distribution and dynamics of dissolved iron in the oceanic water column.</p>
<p>This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.</p>
<p>This is a project jointly funded by the National Science Foundation’s Directorate for Geosciences (NSF/GEO) and the National Environment Research Council (NERC) of the United Kingdom (UK). </p>
BAIT
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
Western North Atlantic; Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series Study region, waters of the western Subtropical North Atlantic Gyre (ca. 30°N-33°N, 62°W-65°W); Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series Study region, waters of the western Subtropical North Atlantic Gyre (ca. 30°N-33°N, 62°W-65°W)
-64.8234
-63.5636
31.1769
32.151
2019-03-11
2019-11-21
Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series Study region, waters of the western Subtropical North Atlantic Gyre (ca. 30°N-33°N, 62°W-65°W)
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Element quotas of individual phytoplankton cells from four Bermuda Atlantic Iron Time-Series (BAIT) cruises in 2019
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956551.rdf
Name: aps_run
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Analysis run at Advanced Photon Source</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956552.rdf
Name: MDA
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Scan number during run</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956553.rdf
Name: Cruise
Units: unitless
Description: <p>BAIT program cruise during 2019: I = March (EN361), II = May (AE1909), III = August (AE1921), IV = November (AE1930)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956554.rdf
Name: Station
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Station location: BATS or spatial station number</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956555.rdf
Name: Depth_m
Units: meters (m)
Description: <p>Depth</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956556.rdf
Name: Depth
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Categorical depth: surface mixed layer (20 meters) or deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956557.rdf
Name: Vol
Units: cubic micrometers (um3)
Description: <p>Cell volume</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956558.rdf
Name: cellC_mol
Units: moles (mol)
Description: <p>Cellular C</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956559.rdf
Name: log_Si_C
Units: micromoles per mole (umol/mol)
Description: <p>logarithm of cellular Si:C</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956560.rdf
Name: log_Fe_C
Units: micromoles per mole (umol/mol)
Description: <p>logarithm of cellular Fe:C</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956561.rdf
Name: log_Cu_C
Units: micromoles per mole (umol/mol)
Description: <p>logarithm of cellular Cu:C</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956562.rdf
Name: log_Zn_C
Units: micromoles per mole (umol/mol)
Description: <p>logarithm of cellular Zn:C</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956563.rdf
Name: log_P_C
Units: micromoles per mole (umol/mol)
Description: <p>logarithm of cellular P:C</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956564.rdf
Name: log_S_C
Units: micromoles per mole (umol/mol)
Description: <p>logarithm of cellular S:C</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956565.rdf
Name: log_Mn_C
Units: micromoles per mole (umol/mol)
Description: <p>logarithm of cellular Mn:C</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956566.rdf
Name: log_Co_C
Units: micromoles per mole (umol/mol)
Description: <p>logarithm of cellular Co:C</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956567.rdf
Name: log_Ni_C
Units: micromoles per mole (umol/mol)
Description: <p>logarithm of cellular Ni:C</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956568.rdf
Name: log_C_P
Units: moles per mole (mol/mol)
Description: <p>logarithm of cellular C:P</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956569.rdf
Name: flag_C_P
Units: unitless
Description: <p>quality flag for cellular C:P ratio</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956570.rdf
Name: flag_Fe_C
Units: unitless
Description: <p>quality flag for cellular Fe:C ratio</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956571.rdf
Name: flag_Zn_C
Units: unitless
Description: <p>quality flag for cellular Zn:C ratio</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956572.rdf
Name: flag_Mn_C
Units: unitless
Description: <p>quality flag for cellular Mn:C ratio</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956573.rdf
Name: flag_Ni_C
Units: unitless
Description: <p>quality flag for cellular Ni:C ratio</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956574.rdf
Name: flag_Co_C
Units: unitless
Description: <p>quality flag for cellular Co:C ratio</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956575.rdf
Name: flag_Cu_C
Units: unitless
Description: <p>quality flag for cellular Cu:C ratio</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956576.rdf
Name: bf_image_filename
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Filename of brightfield image of cell</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956577.rdf
Name: maps_filename
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Filename of elemental maps</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956578.rdf
Name: spectra_filename
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Filename of SXRF spectra</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
36209
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/82418936-e9f8-41f0-94d5-4fbc344acf56/content
download
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.956540.1
download
onLine
dataset
<p>Samples were collected on 4 cruises (AE1909, AE1921, AE1930, and EN63) in the Western North Atlantic at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series Study region. Single-cell synchrotron x-ray fluorescence (SXRF) samples were collected from the surface mixed layer using a trace-metal clean rosette. Whole water samples were preserved with 0.25% trace-metal clean buffered glutaraldehyde (Twining et al., 2003) and centrifuged onto SiN TEM windows. Windows were briefly rinsed with a drop of ultrapure water and dried in a Class-100 cabinet. SXRF analysis was performed using the 2-ID-E beamline at the Advanced Photon source (Argonne National Laboratory) following the protocols of Twining et al. (2011). Each cell was raster scanned with a focused 10 keV x-ray beam with a diameter of approximately 0.5 micrometers (um).</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p>Fluorescence spectra from the pixels covering the cell were averaged to calculate whole-cell quotas, and a fluorescence spectrum from a neighboring empty section of the grid was subtracted. Cellular elemental fluorescence intensities were fit with a modified-Gaussian model using custom software and peak areas converted to areal element concentrations using NBS-certified standard reference materials (Núnez-Milland et al., 2010; Twining et al., 2011). Spatial regions of interest (ROI) representing the whole cell (including any adsorbed elements, if present) were prepared for each cell and used to calculate element quotas. Cellular C quotas were calculated from cell biovolume using the equations of Menden-Deuer and Lessard (2000). Cell biovolume was calculated for each cell from measurements of cell diameter, length and height using digital image processing software Image J. Shape and volume equations were taken from Hillebrand et al. (1999).</p>
<p>Data flags were applied following the GEOTRACES flag policy (<a href="https://www.geotraces.org/geotraces-quality-flag-policy/" target="_blank">https://www.geotraces.org/geotraces-quality-flag-policy/</a>)</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
- Imported original file "BAIT_SXRF.csv" into the BCO-DMO system.
- Flagged "NA" as a missing data value (missing data are emtpy/blank in the final CSV file).
- Renamed fields to comply with BCO-DMO naming conventions (replaced "." with underscore).
- Imported PI-provided file containing revisions to quality flags (file named "956540_v2_bait_phytoplankton_element_quotas.csv.xlsx").
- Saved the final BCO-DMO dataset file as "956540_v1_bait_phytoplankton_element_quotas.csv".
Specified by BCO-DMO Data Managers
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence microscope
Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence microscope
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence microscope PI Supplied Instrument Description:SXRF analysis was performed on the 2-ID-E beamline at the Advanced Photon source (Argonne National Laboratory). The synchrotron consists of a storage ring which produces high energy electromagnetic radiation. X-rays diverted to the 2-ID-E beamline are used for x-ray fluorescence mapping of biological samples. X-rays were tuned to an energy of 10 keV to enable the excition of K-alpha fluorescence for the elements reported. The beam is focused using Fresnel zoneplates to achieve high spatial resolution; for our application a focused spot size of 0.5 micrometers (um) was used. A multi-element germanium energy dispersive detector is used to record the X-ray fluorescence spectrum. Instrument Name: X-ray fluorescence analyzer Instrument Short Name:XRF analyzer Instrument Description: Instruments that identify and quantify the elemental constituents of a sample from the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the atoms in the sample when excited by X-ray radiation.
Cruise: AE1909
AE1909
R/V Atlantic Explorer
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Atlantic Explorer
vessel
AE1909
Rodney J. Johnson
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
https://www.bodc.ac.uk/resources/inventories/cruise_inventory/reports/atlanticexplorer_ae1909.pdf
Report describing AE1909
Cruise: AE1921
AE1921
R/V Atlantic Explorer
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Atlantic Explorer
vessel
AE1921
Rodney J. Johnson
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
https://www.bodc.ac.uk/resources/inventories/cruise_inventory/reports/atlanticexplorer_ae1921.pdf
Report describing AE1921
Cruise: AE1930
AE1930
R/V Atlantic Explorer
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Atlantic Explorer
vessel
AE1930
Rodney J. Johnson
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
https://www.bodc.ac.uk/resources/inventories/cruise_inventory/reports/atlanticexplorer_ae1930.pdf
Report describing AE1930
Cruise: EN631
EN631
R/V Endeavor
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Endeavor
vessel
EN631
Rodney J. Johnson
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
https://www.bodc.ac.uk/resources/inventories/cruise_inventory/reports/endeavor_en631.pdf
Report describing EN631
R/V Atlantic Explorer
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Atlantic Explorer
vessel
R/V Endeavor
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Endeavor
vessel