http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/956635
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2025-03-19
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Rainwater aluminum measurements of samples collected November 2018 to March 2020 at Tudor Hill, Bermuda as part of the Bermuda Atlantic Iron Timeseries project
2025-03-19
publication
2025-03-19
revision
Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)
2025-03-20
publication
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.956635.1
Peter N. Sedwick
Old Dominion University
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Sedwick, P. N., Sohst, B. (2025) Rainwater aluminum measurements of samples collected November 2018 to March 2020 at Tudor Hill, Bermuda as part of the Bermuda Atlantic Iron Timeseries project. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2025-03-19 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.956635.1 [access date]
BAIT Rainwater Aluminum Dataset Description: Methods and Sampling: <p>Composite samples of bulk rainwater were collected atop the 23 meter height sampling tower at Tudor Hill, Bermuda (<a href="https://nam02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fbios.asu.edu%2Ftudorhill%2Ffacility-description&amp;data=05%7C02%7Cdgerlach%40whoi.edu%7C4d4c43d91b5047ef78bf08dd633313f4%7Cd44c5cc6d18c46cc8abd4fdf5b6e5944%7C0%7C0%7C638775793227054559%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&amp;sdata=EVjJWfPE9Brmg%2B3L1N9uhl2YJT0%2FLVuaFc94UcoF3gQ%3D&amp;reserved=0" id="LPlnk" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" title="//bios.asu.edu/tudorhill/facility-description. Click or tap if you trust this link.">https://bios.asu.edu/tudorhill/facility-description</a>), on an approximately weekly basis from November 2018 through March 2020, bracketing the four BAIT project cruises. Rainwater samples were collected in acid-cleaned 2-Liter&nbsp;wide-mouth fluorinated high-density polyethylene bottles (Nalgene) using an automatic rain sampler (N-Con Systems ADS 00-120); rain samples were subsequently acidified to 0.4% (v/v) with 6 M ultrapure hydrochloric acid (Fisher Optima) in the collection bottles, and then after two months the acidified, unfiltered samples were transferred into acid-cleaned 125 mL low-density polyethylene bottles (Nalgene) for analysis of "total-dissolvable Al" (TDAl; Tian et al. 2008). Field blanks for the rainwater (125 mL ultrapure deionized water) were deployed on the Tudor Hill tower and processed in the same manner as samples, but without opening the rain sampler.</p>
<p>Aluminum&nbsp;concentrations in the acidified rainwater were determined by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, Thermo Fisher Scientific ElementXR) without preconcentration, using calibration standards prepared in 0.4% ultrapure hydrochloric acid (Fisher Optima) and yttrium as an internal standard. The field blank value for rainwater was 0.015 µmol TDAl, which equates to a concentration of 0.15 µmol L<sup>-1</sup>TDAl for a typical rain sample volume of 100 mL. The limit of detection for&nbsp;aluminum&nbsp;in blank-corrected rain samples was estimated as 0.90 nmol per sample, from three times the standard deviation on the mean of replicate analyses of the single field blank (in the absence of a replicate field blank for rain). In the absence of duplicate samples for rainwater, we assume an overall uncertainty on TDAl concentrations of less than ±10% (one-sigma), based on duplicate, separate-day analyses of rain samples by ICP-MS.</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1829833 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1829833
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1829686 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1829686
completed
Peter N. Sedwick
Old Dominion University
757-683-4936
Ocean, Earth & Atmospheric Sciences 4600 Elkhorn Ave.
Norfolk
VA
23529
USA
psedwick@odu.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
Sample_ID
Start_Date
End_Date
Sampling_period
TDAl
Rainfall
Sample_flag
Latitude
Longitude
Rain gauge
N-Con Systems ADS 00-120
Thermo Fisher Scientific ElementXR inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer
theme
None, User defined
sample identification
date
duration
Aluminum
precip_level
flag
latitude
longitude
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
Precipitation Gauge
Precipitation Sampler
Thermo Scientific ELEMENT XR high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
U.S. GEOTRACES
http://www.geotraces.org/
U.S. GEOTRACES
GEOTRACES is a SCOR sponsored program; and funding for program infrastructure development is provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation.
GEOTRACES gained momentum following a special symposium, S02: Biogeochemical cycling of trace elements and isotopes in the ocean and applications to constrain contemporary marine processes (GEOSECS II), at a 2003 Goldschmidt meeting convened in Japan. The GEOSECS II acronym referred to the Geochemical Ocean Section Studies To determine full water column distributions of selected trace elements and isotopes, including their concentration, chemical speciation, and physical form, along a sufficient number of sections in each ocean basin to establish the principal relationships between these distributions and with more traditional hydrographic parameters;
* To evaluate the sources, sinks, and internal cycling of these species and thereby characterize more completely the physical, chemical and biological processes regulating their distributions, and the sensitivity of these processes to global change; and
* To understand the processes that control the concentrations of geochemical species used for proxies of the past environment, both in the water column and in the substrates that reflect the water column.
GEOTRACES will be global in scope, consisting of ocean sections complemented by regional process studies. Sections and process studies will combine fieldwork, laboratory experiments and modelling. Beyond realizing the scientific objectives identified above, a natural outcome of this work will be to build a community of marine scientists who understand the processes regulating trace element cycles sufficiently well to exploit this knowledge reliably in future interdisciplinary studies.
Expand "Projects" below for information about and data resulting from individual US GEOTRACES research projects.
U.S. GEOTRACES
largerWorkCitation
program
NSFGEO-NERC: Collaborative Research: Using Time-series Field Observations to Constrain an Ocean Iron Model
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/822807
NSFGEO-NERC: Collaborative Research: Using Time-series Field Observations to Constrain an Ocean Iron Model
<p><strong><em>NSF and NERC Award Abstract:</em></strong><br />
Iron is an essential nutrient for the growth of phytoplankton in the oceans. As such, iron plays key roles in regulating marine primary production and the cycling of carbon. It is thus important that models of ocean biology and chemistry consider iron, in order to explore past, present and future variations in marine productivity and the role of the ocean in the global carbon cycle. In this joint project involving researchers in the U.S. and the U.K., supported by both NSF and the Natural Environment Research Council (U.K.), field data from the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) region will be combined with an established, state-of-the-art ocean biogeochemical model. By leveraging the known seasonal-scale physical, chemical and biological changes in the BATS region, the oceanographic context provided by the BATS core data, and an existing model of the regional physical circulation, the proposed study will yield process-related information that is of general applicability to the open ocean. In particular, the proposed research will focus on understanding the atmospheric input, biological uptake, regeneration and scavenging removal of dissolved iron in the oceanic water column, which have emerged as major uncertainties in the ocean iron cycle. The project will include significant educational and training contributions at the K-12, undergraduate, graduate and postdoctoral levels, as well as public outreach efforts that aim to explain the research and its importance.</p>
<p>The ability of ocean models to simulate iron remains crude, owing to an insufficient understanding of the mechanisms that drive variability in dissolved iron, particularly the involvement of iron-binding ligands, colloids and particles in the surface input, biological uptake, regeneration and scavenging of dissolved iron in the upper ocean. Basin-scale data produced by the GEOTRACES program provide an important resource for testing and improving models and, by extension, our mechanistic understanding of the ocean iron cycle. However such data provide only quasi-synoptic 'snapshots', which limits their utility in isolating and identifying the processes that control dissolved iron in the upper ocean. The proposed research aims to provide mechanistic insight into these governing processes by combining time-series data from the BATS region with numerical modeling experiments. Specifically, seasonally resolved data on the vertical (upper 2,000 meters) and lateral (tens of kilometers) distributions of particulate, dissolved, colloidal, soluble and ligand-bound iron species will be obtained from the chemical analysis of water column samples collected during five cruises, spanning a full annual cycle, shared with the monthly BATS program cruises. These data, along with ancillary data from the BATS program, will be used to test and inform numerical modeling experiments, and thus derive an improved understanding of the mechanisms that control the distribution and dynamics of dissolved iron in the oceanic water column.</p>
<p>This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.</p>
<p>This is a project jointly funded by the National Science Foundation’s Directorate for Geosciences (NSF/GEO) and the National Environment Research Council (NERC) of the United Kingdom (UK). </p>
BAIT
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere
elevation
oceans
-64.879
-64.879
32.2645
32.2645
2018-11-26
2020-03-16
Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series Study region, waters of the western Subtropical North Atlantic Gyre (ca. 30°N-33°N, 62°W-65°W)
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Rainwater aluminum measurements of samples collected November 2018 to March 2020 at Tudor Hill, Bermuda as part of the Bermuda Atlantic Iron Timeseries project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956683.rdf
Name: Sample_ID
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Unique identifier for each rainwater sample</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956684.rdf
Name: Start_Date
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Date when rainwater sampling began</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956685.rdf
Name: End_Date
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Date when rainwater sampling ended</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956686.rdf
Name: Sampling_period
Units: day
Description: <p>Number of days over which rainwater was collected</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956687.rdf
Name: TDAl
Units: nanomoles per liter (nmol L-1)
Description: <p>Total-Dissolvable Aluminum concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956688.rdf
Name: Rainfall
Units: millimeters (mm)
Description: <p>Rainfall during sampling period (from rain gauge)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956689.rdf
Name: Sample_flag
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Data quality flag that applies to TDAl and/or Rainfall, where 1=good sample; 2=rain sample or rain gauge malfunction; 3=sample volume insufficient for analysis</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956690.rdf
Name: Latitude
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Latitude of Tudor Hill sampling tower</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/956691.rdf
Name: Longitude
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Longitude of Tudor Hill sampling tower</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
3245
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/b2852f67-31d2-4f0a-ae5f-2fce062debd4/content
download
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.956635.1
download
onLine
dataset
<p>Composite samples of bulk rainwater were collected atop the 23 meter height sampling tower at Tudor Hill, Bermuda (<a href="https://nam02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fbios.asu.edu%2Ftudorhill%2Ffacility-description&amp;data=05%7C02%7Cdgerlach%40whoi.edu%7C4d4c43d91b5047ef78bf08dd633313f4%7Cd44c5cc6d18c46cc8abd4fdf5b6e5944%7C0%7C0%7C638775793227054559%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&amp;sdata=EVjJWfPE9Brmg%2B3L1N9uhl2YJT0%2FLVuaFc94UcoF3gQ%3D&amp;reserved=0" id="LPlnk" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" title="//bios.asu.edu/tudorhill/facility-description. Click or tap if you trust this link.">https://bios.asu.edu/tudorhill/facility-description</a>), on an approximately weekly basis from November 2018 through March 2020, bracketing the four BAIT project cruises. Rainwater samples were collected in acid-cleaned 2-Liter&nbsp;wide-mouth fluorinated high-density polyethylene bottles (Nalgene) using an automatic rain sampler (N-Con Systems ADS 00-120); rain samples were subsequently acidified to 0.4% (v/v) with 6 M ultrapure hydrochloric acid (Fisher Optima) in the collection bottles, and then after two months the acidified, unfiltered samples were transferred into acid-cleaned 125 mL low-density polyethylene bottles (Nalgene) for analysis of "total-dissolvable Al" (TDAl; Tian et al. 2008). Field blanks for the rainwater (125 mL ultrapure deionized water) were deployed on the Tudor Hill tower and processed in the same manner as samples, but without opening the rain sampler.</p>
<p>Aluminum&nbsp;concentrations in the acidified rainwater were determined by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, Thermo Fisher Scientific ElementXR) without preconcentration, using calibration standards prepared in 0.4% ultrapure hydrochloric acid (Fisher Optima) and yttrium as an internal standard. The field blank value for rainwater was 0.015 µmol TDAl, which equates to a concentration of 0.15 µmol L<sup>-1</sup>TDAl for a typical rain sample volume of 100 mL. The limit of detection for&nbsp;aluminum&nbsp;in blank-corrected rain samples was estimated as 0.90 nmol per sample, from three times the standard deviation on the mean of replicate analyses of the single field blank (in the absence of a replicate field blank for rain). In the absence of duplicate samples for rainwater, we assume an overall uncertainty on TDAl concentrations of less than ±10% (one-sigma), based on duplicate, separate-day analyses of rain samples by ICP-MS.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p>Inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometer instrumental data&nbsp;were collected using ElementXR processing software (Thermo Fisher Scientific).<br />
Post-analysis calculations were performed using Microsoft Excel</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
- Imported data from source file "BAIT_Rain_Al_Data_9Feb25.xlsx" into the BCO-DMO data system. Data file imported using missing data identifier "ND"
- Replaced spaces and dashes with underscores in parameter (column) names
- Converted datetimes from local time (Atlantic/Bermuda Time) to ISO8601 format in UTC/GMT time zone
- Added latitude and longitude coordinates of Tudor Hill sampling tower
Specified by BCO-DMO Data Managers
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
Rain gauge
Rain gauge
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Rain gauge PI Supplied Instrument Description:For some sampling periods there were problems with the rain sampler closing, or issues with the rain gauge Instrument Name: Precipitation Gauge Instrument Short Name:PrecipGauge Instrument Description: measures rain or snow precipitation Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/381/
N-Con Systems ADS 00-120
N-Con Systems ADS 00-120
PI Supplied Instrument Name: N-Con Systems ADS 00-120 PI Supplied Instrument Description:Rainwater samples were collected in acid-cleaned bottles using an automatic rain sampler (N-Con Systems ADS 00-120) Instrument Name: Precipitation Sampler Instrument Short Name:Precip_Sampler Instrument Description: A device that collects a sample of precipitation (rain, hail or snow) as it falls. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/14/
Thermo Fisher Scientific ElementXR inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer
Thermo Fisher Scientific ElementXR inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Thermo Fisher Scientific ElementXR inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer PI Supplied Instrument Description:Aluminum concentrations in aerosol digest solutions and aerosol leachate solutions were determined using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ThermoFisherScientific ElementXR) Instrument Name: Thermo Scientific ELEMENT XR high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer Instrument Short Name:Element XR HR-ICP-MS Instrument Description: A high-resolution (HR) inductively coupled plasma (ICP) mass spectrometer (MS) composed of a dual mode secondary electron multiplier (SEM) and a Faraday detector. The ELEMENT XR instrument has a dynamic range of 5 x 10^7 to 1 x 10^12 counts per second (cps), and allows simultaneous measurement of elements at concentrations over 1000 ug/g.