http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/957165
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2025-03-27
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Vanadium concentrations and isotope compositions of seawater samples collected from the South Atlantic Ocean (2010 UK GEOTRACES cruise GA10/D357 Leg 1) and the Black Sea (2013 MedBlack GEOTRACES cruise leg 2, 64PE373, R/V Pelagia)
2025-04-01
publication
2025-04-01
revision
Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)
2025-04-01
publication
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.957165.1
Jeremy D. Owens
Florida State University - National High Magnetic Field Lab
principalInvestigator
Sune G. Nielsen
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Li, S., Owens, J. D., Nielsen, S. G. (2025) Vanadium concentrations and isotope compositions of seawater samples collected from the South Atlantic Ocean (2010 UK GEOTRACES cruise GA10/D357 Leg 1) and the Black Sea (2013 MedBlack GEOTRACES cruise leg 2, 64PE373, R/V Pelagia). Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2025-04-01 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.957165.1 [access date]
Seawater profiles of vanadium concentrations and isotope compositions Dataset Description: Methods and Sampling: <p><strong>Collection protocols for the South Atlantic Ocean seawater samples (Owens et al., 2017):</strong> a "trace metal-clean" titanium rosette with a PTFE-coated CTD system was used and deployed using a plasma rope to collect the seawater samples. Seawater samples were filtered through 0.2-micrometer (μm) filter capsules and transferred into 1-liter (L) HDPE bottles in a trace metal clean container. Then seawater samples were acidified at WHOI (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution) to pH ~2 using concentrated distilled HCl.</p>
<p><strong>Collection protocols for the Black Sea seawater samples (Cruise Report 64PE373 on RV Pelagia):</strong> an ultra-clean titanium CTD system was deployed to collect the seawater samples. The collected seawater was filtered with 0.2 μm Sartobran 300 filter cartridges (Sartorius) and acidified on board to pH ~2 with Baseline grade Seastar HCl. (See: <a href="https://www.geotraces.org/ga04-2/" target="_blank">https://www.geotraces.org/ga04-2/</a>)</p>
<p><strong>Here we describe the general protocols for chemical procedures.</strong> The in-lab column chromatography procedures to pre-concentrate and purify seawater vanadium (V) for concentration and isotope composition measurement are described in detail in Li et al. (under review). The chemical reagents utilized were trace-metal clean.</p>
<p>For seawater V concentration measurement, the column chromatography utilizing Bio-rad AG 50W-X12 cation resin was used to pre-concentrate V (Li et al., under review). The acidified seawater samples (pH ~2) were doped with H2O2 solution to contain 2% H2O2 before being loaded onto the resin column. Vanadium was yielded with weakly acidic H2O2 solution (0.01 M HCl + 2% H2O2) with the matrix metal elements being retained on the resin.</p>
<p>For seawater V isotope composition measurement, a four-column chromatography (Wu et al., 2019) was used to pre-concentrate and purify seawater V. Details of further improvements on this column chromatography method have been described in Li et al. (under review). The pre-cleaned Hitachi Nobias Chelate PA-1 resin and Bio-rad AG1-X8 anion resin were utilized to pre-concentrate and purify seawater V. The first column utilized Nobias Chelate PA-1 resin. Seawater samples were buffered to pH at 6.0 ± 0.1 with acetic acid and ammonia solutions before being loaded onto the column. Then V was yielded with 3 M HNO3. The following three columns utilized Bio-rad AG1-X8 anion resin to further purify seawater V, and the yielded V from the previous column was redissolved in 0.01 M HCl + 2% H2O2 solution before being loaded onto the column. Then, clean the resin column after the complete dripping of the sample solution using 0.01M HCl + 2% H2O2. Finally, V was yielded with 6M HCl and 2M HNO3.</p>
<p>The artificial seawater standards SW Matrix-AA and SW Matrix-BDH were made as in-lab standards for isotope composition measurement. The matrix elutes of two seawater samples were yielded after the first Nobias resin column and were separately doped with pure V solution standards, ~900 nanograms (ng) AA-V (SW Matrix-AA) and ~900 ng BDH V (SW Matrix-BDH). The two artificial seawater standards were processed parallelly with seawater samples with the same chemical procedures.</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1434785 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1434785
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1624895 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1624895
Funding provided by National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) Award Number: Exobiology Grant NNX16AJ60G
Funding provided by Alfred P. Sloan Foundation (Sloan) Award Number: FG-2020-13552
completed
Jeremy D. Owens
Florida State University - National High Magnetic Field Lab
850-644-5018
1800 E. Paul Dirac Drive
Tallahassee
FL
32310
USA
jdowens@fsu.edu
pointOfContact
Sune G. Nielsen
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
CRPG, CNRS, Université de Lorraine 15 rue Notre Dame des Pauvres
54501 Vandoeuvre lès Nancy
France
sune.nielsen@univ-lorraine.fr
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
Cruise_ID
Location
Station
Sample_ID
Longitude
Latitude
Date
Depth
Salinity
Seawater_V_ng_g
Seawater_V_nmol_kg
one_RSD
Seawater_V_normalized_nmol_kg
Yielded_V
Yielding_rate
d51V
two_SD
number_duplicates
Agilent 7500ce Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)
CTD
Neptune Multi-collector-ICP-MS
Thermo Element 2 ICP‑MS
theme
None, User defined
Cruise identfier
region
station
sample identification
longitude
latitude
date
depth
salinity
Vanadium
number of replicates
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
Agilent 7500ce inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer
CTD - profiler
Thermo Finnigan Neptune inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer
Thermo Fisher Scientific ELEMENT 2 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
D357
64PE373
service
Deployment Activity
Atlantic-40 South
Black Sea
place
Locations
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
Fingerprinting and Calibrating Low Oxygen Conditions Using Vanadium Isotopes
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/775701
Fingerprinting and Calibrating Low Oxygen Conditions Using Vanadium Isotopes
<p><em>NSF Award Abstract:</em><br />
Discovering, testing, and developing chemical proxies (relic materials) in marine sediments that reveal how strongly or weakly oxidizing near-surface environmental conditions were in the Earth's geological past are immensely important for understanding interactions between ocean chemistry, biological evolution and extinctions, and climate. To date scientists do not have a proxy for low but non-zero oxygen conditions -- the sort of conditions that are likely to have dominated in biologically important periods of Earth history. In this project, researchers will study the relationship between bottom water oxygen concentration and the isotopes of the trace metal vanadium (V) in a range of oxygen conditions in the modern ocean. Based on pilot data, theoretical calculations and dissolved seawater V concentrations they believe that stable V isotope ratios of core top sediments will correlate systematically over a range of bottom water oxygen conditions. By analyzing these materials, the research team expects to establish the relationship between V isotopes and bottom water oxygen concentrations. Given the importance of chemical proxies to quantify past climate change, the results of this study will be of great importance to the modern and paleoceanographic community, as well as for modelers to better understand a broad range of oxygen variability in Earth history.</p>
<p>Although recent investigations have provided a wealth of information about the redox conditions of the ancient oceans, there is a significant gap in understanding low oxygen conditions throughout Earth history. Therefore, it is important to develop new paleoredox proxies that can provide additional and complementary knowledge about ocean redox conditions during these important periods of Earth history. In this study, scientists will analyze bulk sediments and their organic and ferromanganese mineral fractions to investigate the V isotopic variability within the various sedimentary components. (These samples comprise organic rich to ferromanganese rich sediments due to a range in bottom water oxygen concentrations.) Reconstructing marine low oxygen conditions using vanadium isotopes would fill a void in the paleoredox proxy toolbox. Developing, calibrating, and fingerprinting the V isotopic variability in modern sediments is required to be able to apply vanadium isotopes as an accurate paleoredox proxy.</p>
Vanadium Isotopes
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
Atlantic-40 South; Black Sea
0.92
31.4
-39.99
42.52
2010-10-01
2013-07-31
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Vanadium concentrations and isotope compositions of seawater samples collected from the South Atlantic Ocean (2010 UK GEOTRACES cruise GA10/D357 Leg 1) and the Black Sea (2013 MedBlack GEOTRACES cruise leg 2, 64PE373, R/V Pelagia)
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/957207.rdf
Name: Cruise_ID
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Cruise identifier</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/957208.rdf
Name: Location
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Location description</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/957209.rdf
Name: Station
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Station number</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/957210.rdf
Name: Sample_ID
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Sample ID number. The "dup" and the number in the bracket indicate the re-dilution and remeasurement of the same solution.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/957211.rdf
Name: Longitude
Units: degrees East
Description: <p>Longitude of collection location</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/957212.rdf
Name: Latitude
Units: degrees North
Description: <p>Latitude of collection location; negative values = South</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/957213.rdf
Name: Date
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Year and month of sample collection</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/957214.rdf
Name: Depth
Units: meters (m)
Description: <p>Depth below the sea surface</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/957215.rdf
Name: Salinity
Units: PSU
Description: <p>Salinity (The salinity data are from Conway et al. (2016) and Horner et al. (2015).)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/957216.rdf
Name: Seawater_V_ng_g
Units: nanograms per gram (ng/g)
Description: <p>Seawater vanadium concentration in ng/g</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/957217.rdf
Name: Seawater_V_nmol_kg
Units: nanomoles per kilogram (nmol/kg)
Description: <p>Seawater vanadium concentration in nmol/kg. The seawater V concentration is averaged with duplicate measurements. The uncertainty 1RSD is calculated with duplicate measurements, otherwise the instrumental measurement precision with 1RSD better than 5% is assigned.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/957218.rdf
Name: one_RSD
Units: percent (%)
Description: <p>One relative standard deviation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/957219.rdf
Name: Seawater_V_normalized_nmol_kg
Units: nanomoles per kilogram (nmol/kg)
Description: <p>The seawater V concentration is normalized to salinity = 35‰.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/957220.rdf
Name: Yielded_V
Units: nanograms per gram
Description: <p>Yielded vanadium after column chromatography</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/957221.rdf
Name: Yielding_rate
Units: percent (%)
Description: <p>Yielding rate</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/957222.rdf
Name: d51V
Units: per mil (‰)
Description: <p>delta 51V; Vanadium isotope composition</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/957223.rdf
Name: two_SD
Units: per mil (‰)
Description: <p>Two standard deviations</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/957224.rdf
Name: number_duplicates
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Number of duplicate measurements</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
3309
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/2f9dea19-fe2e-4621-9035-1368ba92a535/content
download
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.957165.1
download
onLine
dataset
<p><strong>Collection protocols for the South Atlantic Ocean seawater samples (Owens et al., 2017):</strong> a "trace metal-clean" titanium rosette with a PTFE-coated CTD system was used and deployed using a plasma rope to collect the seawater samples. Seawater samples were filtered through 0.2-micrometer (μm) filter capsules and transferred into 1-liter (L) HDPE bottles in a trace metal clean container. Then seawater samples were acidified at WHOI (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution) to pH ~2 using concentrated distilled HCl.</p>
<p><strong>Collection protocols for the Black Sea seawater samples (Cruise Report 64PE373 on RV Pelagia):</strong> an ultra-clean titanium CTD system was deployed to collect the seawater samples. The collected seawater was filtered with 0.2 μm Sartobran 300 filter cartridges (Sartorius) and acidified on board to pH ~2 with Baseline grade Seastar HCl. (See: <a href="https://www.geotraces.org/ga04-2/" target="_blank">https://www.geotraces.org/ga04-2/</a>)</p>
<p><strong>Here we describe the general protocols for chemical procedures.</strong> The in-lab column chromatography procedures to pre-concentrate and purify seawater vanadium (V) for concentration and isotope composition measurement are described in detail in Li et al. (under review). The chemical reagents utilized were trace-metal clean.</p>
<p>For seawater V concentration measurement, the column chromatography utilizing Bio-rad AG 50W-X12 cation resin was used to pre-concentrate V (Li et al., under review). The acidified seawater samples (pH ~2) were doped with H2O2 solution to contain 2% H2O2 before being loaded onto the resin column. Vanadium was yielded with weakly acidic H2O2 solution (0.01 M HCl + 2% H2O2) with the matrix metal elements being retained on the resin.</p>
<p>For seawater V isotope composition measurement, a four-column chromatography (Wu et al., 2019) was used to pre-concentrate and purify seawater V. Details of further improvements on this column chromatography method have been described in Li et al. (under review). The pre-cleaned Hitachi Nobias Chelate PA-1 resin and Bio-rad AG1-X8 anion resin were utilized to pre-concentrate and purify seawater V. The first column utilized Nobias Chelate PA-1 resin. Seawater samples were buffered to pH at 6.0 ± 0.1 with acetic acid and ammonia solutions before being loaded onto the column. Then V was yielded with 3 M HNO3. The following three columns utilized Bio-rad AG1-X8 anion resin to further purify seawater V, and the yielded V from the previous column was redissolved in 0.01 M HCl + 2% H2O2 solution before being loaded onto the column. Then, clean the resin column after the complete dripping of the sample solution using 0.01M HCl + 2% H2O2. Finally, V was yielded with 6M HCl and 2M HNO3.</p>
<p>The artificial seawater standards SW Matrix-AA and SW Matrix-BDH were made as in-lab standards for isotope composition measurement. The matrix elutes of two seawater samples were yielded after the first Nobias resin column and were separately doped with pure V solution standards, ~900 nanograms (ng) AA-V (SW Matrix-AA) and ~900 ng BDH V (SW Matrix-BDH). The two artificial seawater standards were processed parallelly with seawater samples with the same chemical procedures.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
- Imported original file "Seawater vanadium concentrations and isotope compositions_Update.xlsx" into the BCO-DMO system.
- Flagged "N/A" as a missing data value (missing data are empty/blank in the final CSV file).
- Renamed fields to comply with BCO-DMo naming conventions.
- Made the south latitude values negative.
- Saved the final file as "957165_v1_vanadium_concentrations_and_isotope_compositions.csv".
- Saved the "NASS-6 V concentration" sheet as a PDF and attached as a Supplemental File.
- Saved the "Seawater standards" sheet as a PDF and attached as a Supplemental File.
Specified by BCO-DMO Data Managers
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
Agilent 7500ce Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)
Agilent 7500ce Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Agilent 7500ce Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) PI Supplied Instrument Description:The vanadium concentrations were measured with the Agilent 7500ce Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Thermo Element 2 ICP‑MS. Instrument Name: Agilent 7500ce inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer Instrument Short Name:Agilent 7500ce ICP-MS Instrument Description: The Agilent 7500ce is a laboratory benchtop inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) for metal analysis. The instrument comprises a sample introduction system (micromist glass concentric nebuliser, quartz Scott-type spray chamber, peristaltic pump), an interface of nickel cones and dual on-axis extraction lenses, a vacuum system, mass flow controllers (plasma, auxiliary, makeup, and carrier gas and two Octopole Reaction System (ORS) reaction gas lines), a shieldtorch system (STS), an all-solid state digitally-driven 27 MHz RF generator and an off-axis Omega lens. The octopole cell of the ORS can be used with no gas, operated in collision mode using pure He cell gas or used in H2 reaction mode for ultra-trace Se analysis and semiconductor applications. All three of these modes come as standard in the 7500ce model. The instrument has been discontinued.
CTD
CTD
PI Supplied Instrument Name: CTD PI Supplied Instrument Description:Seawater samples were collected with a "trace metal-clean" titanium rosette with a PTFE-coated CTD system in the South Atlantic and an ultra-clean titanium CTD system in the Black Sea. Instrument Name: CTD - profiler Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: The Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (CTD) unit is an integrated instrument package designed to measure the conductivity, temperature, and pressure (depth) of the water column. The instrument is lowered via cable through the water column. It permits scientists to observe the physical properties in real-time via a conducting cable, which is typically connected to a CTD to a deck unit and computer on a ship. The CTD is often configured with additional optional sensors including fluorometers, transmissometers and/or radiometers. It is often combined with a Rosette of water sampling bottles (e.g. Niskin, GO-FLO) for collecting discrete water samples during the cast.
This term applies to profiling CTDs. For fixed CTDs, see https://www.bco-dmo.org/instrument/869934. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/130/
Neptune Multi-collector-ICP-MS
Neptune Multi-collector-ICP-MS
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Neptune Multi-collector-ICP-MS PI Supplied Instrument Description:The vanadium isotope compositions were measured with the Neptune Multi-collector-ICP-MS. Instrument Name: Thermo Finnigan Neptune inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer Instrument Short Name:Neptune ICP-MS Instrument Description: A laboratory high mass resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) designed for elemental and isotopic analysis. The instrument is based on a multicollector platform, comprising eight moveable collector supports and one fixed center channel equipped with a Faraday cup and, optionally, an ion counter with or without a retardation lens. The Faraday cup is connected to a current amplifier, whose signal is digitized by a high linearity voltage to frequency converter. The instrument was originally manufactured by Thermo Finnigan, which has since been replaced by Thermo Scientific (part of Thermo Fisher Scientific). This model is no longer in production.
Thermo Element 2 ICP‑MS
Thermo Element 2 ICP‑MS
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Thermo Element 2 ICP‑MS PI Supplied Instrument Description:The vanadium concentrations were measured with the Agilent 7500ce Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Thermo Element 2 ICP‑MS. Instrument Name: Thermo Fisher Scientific ELEMENT 2 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer Instrument Short Name:Thermo Scientific Element 2 ICP-MS Instrument Description: The Thermo Scientific Element 2 ICP-MS is a double-focussing magnetic-sector-field Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer equipped with a discrete dynode detector system, linear over nine orders of magnitude - from ppq to ppm concentrations. Other features include: Sensitivity (Concentric Nebuliser) greater than 1 x 10^9 counts per second (cps)/ppm ln; Dark noise less than 0.2 cps; Mass resolution 300, 4,000, 10,000 (10 percent valley, equivalent to 5 percent height), 600, 8,000, 2,000 (FWHM); Signal stability better than 1 percent RSD over 10 minutes or 2 percent RSD over 1 hour; Mass stability: 25 ppm / 8 hours; Magnetic scan speed: m/z 7 to 240 to 7 in less than 150 ms, Electronic scan speed: 1 ms/jump, independent of mass range.
Cruise: D357
D357
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
RRS Discovery
vessel
D357
Gideon Henderson
University of Oxford
http://dmoserv3.bco-dmo.org/data_docs/GEOTRACES/UK_GT/D357_cruise_report.pdf
Report describing D357
Cruise: 64PE373
64PE373
R/V Pelagia
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Pelagia
vessel
64PE373
Micha J. A. Rijkenberg
Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research
https://www.bodc.ac.uk/resources/inventories/cruise_inventory/reports/pe373.pdf
Report describing 64PE373
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
RRS Discovery
vessel
R/V Pelagia
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Pelagia
vessel