19:I[42426,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1xctgzqre-wsy.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_-wz6pdtp2b.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/30e52g49hg40p.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/02yq6tul2z-oh.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/10bx_ec2vj7n_.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/33bfn03fo8xnt.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/0tfjf78scu61b.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/31xnvej4n1bi9.js"],"default"] 1a:T8f2,

We collected Pisaster ochraceus along the coastline of Carmet Beach, California (38.372172 N, 123.076438 W) in spring of 2018, and Nucella lamellosa at Washington Park in Anacortes, Washington (48.502190 N, -122.691865 W) in July 2018.

We placed 20 Nucella in each of ten containers (33cm x 20cm x 11.5cm) for a total of 200 individuals (25.9mm +/- 2.4mm in length). Half of the containers were supplied with seawater flowing from a chamber above them that held one Pisaster (96.7mm +/- 8.5mm from madreporite to longest arm). This set of containers resulted in morphologically induced snails, where individuals retracted their bodies farther into their shells, potentially from an elongation of shell length (Bourdeau 2009). The other five containers were supplied from a chamber with just seawater (no sea star cue) flowing from it, resulting in non-induced snails. All the Nucella during the experiment were fed ad libitum with Balanus barnacle prey.

We measured various Nucella morphometrics at multiple time points of the experiment. The morphometrics include Nucella weight, the length of the shell from the apex to the notch, the height of the shell from the base of the aperture to the top of the shell, and the retraction capability of Nucella. Retraction into the shell is our focal metric and is defined as the distance from the base of the snail’s aperture by the columella to its operculum when the individual is fully retracted. The induction (or non-induction) period lasted from July 2, 2018 to November 14, 2018. Further morphometric data were collected in February 2019 but were not used in the analysis.

To test the effect of predator cue on Nucella morphology, we analyzed whether there was an effect of Pisaster cue on retractability both at the start and end of the induction period. Both containers and individual Nucella were included as random effects.

Organism identifiers (taxonomic names used in dataset metadata):
Scientific Name, Life Science Identifier (LSID)
Nucella lamellosa, urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:404218
Pisaster ochraceus,urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:240755

1b:T52c,* Raw data and analysis script were bundled into file nucella_retraction_analysis_package.zip with no file changes. Attached as a supplemental file. * Data table from submitted file "Morpho stats.csv" was imported into the BCO-DMO data system. Table will appear on this dataset page as Data File: 959533_v1_nucella-retraction.csv (with other download format options). * Bounding box for dataset determined by sampling locations provided and location of experiment at Bodega Bay Marine Laboratory (38.3180548,-123.0743098). * Any column names with characters other than letters, numbers and underscores were renamed to meet BCO-DMO naming conventions designed to support broad re-use by a variety of research tools and scripting languages. [Only numbers, letters, and underscores. Can not start with a number] Missing Data Identifiers: * In the BCO-DMO data system missing data identifiers are displayed according to the format of data you access. For example, in csv files it will be blank (null) values. In Matlab .mat files it will be NaN values. When viewing data online at BCO-DMO, the missing value will be shown as blank (null) values. * Taxonomic identifiers added to the metadata (Life Science Identifiers (LSID)). Names matched using the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) on 2024-01-02.1c:Ta50,NSF Award Abstract: The absorption of human-produced carbon dioxide into the world's oceans is altering the chemistry of seawater, including decreasing its pH. Such changes, collectively called "ocean acidification", are expected to influence numerous types of sea creatures. This project examines how shifts in ocean pH affect animal behavior and thus interactions among species. It uses a case study system that involves sea star predators, snail grazers that they eat, and seaweeds consumed by the latter. The rocky-shore habitats where these organisms live have a long history of attention, and new findings from this work will further extend an already-large body of marine ecological knowledge. The project provides support for graduate and undergraduate students, including underrepresented students from a nearby community college. The project underpins the development of a new educational module for local K-12 schools. Findings will moreover be communicated to the public through the use of short film documentaries, as well as through established relationships with policy, management, and industry groups, and contacts with the media. Ocean acidification is a global-scale perturbation. Most research on the topic, however, has examined effects on single species operating in isolation, leaving interactions among species underexplored. This project confronts this knowledge gap by considering how ocean acidification may shift predator-prey relationships through altered behavior. It targets as a model system sea stars, their gastropod grazer prey, and macoalgae consumed by the latter, via four lines of inquiry. 1) The project examines the functional response of the focal taxa to altered seawater chemistry, using experiments that target up to 16 discrete levels of pH. This experimental design is essential for identifying nonlinearities and tipping points. 2) The project addresses both consumptive and non-consumptive components of direct and indirect species interactions. The capacity of ocean acidification to influence such links is poorly known, and better understanding of this issue is a recognized priority. 3) The project combines controlled laboratory experiments with field trials that exploit tide pools and their unique pH signatures as natural mesocosms. Field tests of ocean acidification effects are relatively rare and are sorely needed. 4) A final research phase expands upon the above three components to address effects of ocean acidification on multiple additional taxa that interact in rocky intertidal systems, to provide a broad database that may have utility for future experiments or modeling.6:["$","$L19",null,{"dataset":{"_id":"959533","description":"

See \"Related Datasets\" section for other datasets to be published in Ng & Gaylord (2025, in-prep). These datasets are also listed on the \"Related-Resource\" page for that results publication https://www.bco-dmo.org/related-resource/948176
\n
\nAll datasets in this project can be viewed from the \"Dataset Collections\" of the project page https://www.bco-dmo.org/project/712799

\n","problem":"","acquisition":"$1a","processing":"

See \"Supplemental Files\" for analysis package (R-language).

\n","bcodmoProcessing":"$1b","title":"Nucella lamellosa morphometric measurements after induction in the presence of predatory Pisaster ochraceus at Bodega Marine Laboratory in 2018 and 2019","nickname":"Nucella retraction data","dataUrl":"","currentState":"Final no updates expected","currentStateId":"7","validated":true,"restricted":false,"version":"1","version_date":"2025-04-21T04:00:00.000Z","abstract":"To examine the intensity of induced morphological responses of Nucella lamellosa, we measured morphometrics in Nucella after exposure to its predator species, Pisaster ochraceus. Specifically, we measured the increase in shell retraction after prolonged exposure to Pisaster cue and also measured length and height of the shell and weight. Results from this dataset were used to estimate the impacts of loss of morphological fear responses on the strength of trophic cascades. The experiment was conducted within laboratory mesocosms at Bodega Marine Lab in 2018 and 2019.","citation":"Ng, G., Gaylord, B. (2025) Nucella lamellosa morphometric measurements after induction in the presence of predatory Pisaster ochraceus at Bodega Marine Laboratory in 2018 and 2019. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2025-04-21 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.959533.1 [access date]","citationParts":{"identifier":"doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.959533.1","versionDate":"2025-04-21","versionId":"1","year":"2025","title":"Nucella lamellosa morphometric measurements after induction in the presence of predatory Pisaster ochraceus at Bodega Marine Laboratory in 2018 and 2019","authors":"Ng, G., Gaylord, B.","publisher":"Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)."},"doi":"10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.959533.1","release_date":null,"field_dataset_location":"Collections along coastline of Sonoma County and Washington Park, CA; mesocosms at Bodega Marine Lab, CA","temporal_extent":{"start":"2018-01-01T05:00:00.000Z","end":"2019-01-01T05:00:00.000Z"},"temporal":{"resolution":"time:unitYear","type":"time:Interval","start":{"value":"1514782800","label":"2018"},"end":{"value":"1546318800","label":"2019"}},"spatial_extent":{"shape":"polygon","center":{"latitude":43.4101224,"longitude":-122.8841515},"wkt":"POLYGON ((-123.076438 38.3180548, -122.691865 38.3180548, -122.691865 48.50219, -123.076438 48.50219, -123.076438 38.3180548))","north":48.50219,"east":-122.691865,"south":38.3180548,"west":-123.076438},"dataset_type":["experimental"],"keywords":["oceans"],"data_files":[{"id":"960068","title":"959533_v1_nucella-retraction.csv","url":"https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/dataset/959533/file/DwKM0PoFn2JYV7/959533_v1_nucella-retraction.csv","showTableUrl":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/959533/data/view/960068","description":"Primary data file for dataset ID 959533, version 1","filename":"959533_v1_nucella-retraction.csv","bytesize":26703,"checksum":{"value":"7aac29d7bceb229a147f2c2e627cb82f","Algorithm":{"_id":"190","name":"MD5"}},"mimetype":"text/csv","fileType":{"_id":"192","name":"Comma Separated Values (.csv)"},"isErddap":"bcodmo_dataset_959533_v1","date":"","isPublicDuringEmbargo":false,"primaryDataFile":true,"showTable":true,"restricted":false}],"supplemental_files":[{"id":"960067","title":"Nucella retraction analysis package (R-language)","url":"https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/dataset/959533/file/g7WBk6ETYx0MKQ/nucella_retraction_analysis_package.zip","showTableUrl":"","description":"This analysis and plotting package contains scripts for analyzing the laboratory data. Note that the csv data tables included in this package are the exact format of the data required to import into the supplied R-scripts. They differ slightly form the data provided from the BCO-DMO data system due to column naming requirements and date formats (see \"BCO-DMO Processing\" section). \n\nZip file contains:\n\n* Morpho stats.csv = Raw data of Nucella morphometrics. Data with the filename and column names required for the analysis R-script. This is the source file imported into the BCO-DMO data system for dataset 959533 version 1 (https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/959533). \n\n* Nucella retraction stats.R = Statistical analysis on Nucella retraction capabilities after exposure to Pisaster cues (R-script)\n","filename":"nucella_retraction_analysis_package.zip","bytesize":29921,"checksum":{"value":"6ba0a4c95fd41186326216e1c06974f2","Algorithm":{"_id":"190","name":"MD5"}},"mimetype":"application/zip","fileType":{"_id":"196","name":"ZIP Archive (ZIP)"},"isErddap":"","date":"","isPublicDuringEmbargo":false,"primaryDataFile":false,"showTable":false,"restricted":false}],"roles":[{"role":{"_id":"138","name":"Principal Investigator"},"performedBy":{"_id":"51061","name":"Brian Gaylord"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"148","name":"University of California - Davis: Bodega Marine Laboratory"}},{"role":{"_id":"128","name":"Student"},"performedBy":{"_id":"869572","name":"Gabriel Ng"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"148","name":"University of California - Davis: Bodega Marine Laboratory"}},{"role":{"_id":"145","name":"BCO-DMO Data Manager"},"performedBy":{"_id":"643627","name":"Amber D. York"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"191","name":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution"}}],"deployments":[],"funding":[{"_id":"712798","name":"OCE-1636191","fundingSource":{"_id":"355","name":"NSF Division of Ocean Sciences"},"url":"https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1636191"}],"instruments":[],"parameters":[{"_id":"959583","name":"Date","format":"","frictionlessType":"string","description":"

Month of data collection (Full month name)

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1070","name":"date","description":"

date; generally reported in GMT as YYYYMMDD (year; month; day); also as MMDD (month; day); EqPac dates are local Hawaii time. ISO_Date format is YYYY-MM-DD (http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards/iso8601.htm)

"}},{"_id":"959584","name":"Past","format":"","frictionlessType":"string","description":"

Indicates whether Nucella were exposed to Pisaster (P) or not (NP)

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"489066","name":"treatment","description":"

Experimental conditions applied to experimental units. In comparative experiments, members of the complementary group, the control group, receive either no treatment or a standard treatment.

"}},{"_id":"959585","name":"Container","format":"","frictionlessType":"string","description":"

Unique identifier for individual mesocosm

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1992","name":"tank","description":"

Tank Number or Tank Id. Used to identify tanks/containers used in various experiments

"}},{"_id":"959586","name":"ID","format":"","frictionlessType":"string","description":"

Unique identifier for each individual Nucella

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"2000","name":"individual","description":"

Individual Number or Individual Id. Used to identify individual specimens in various experiments

"}},{"_id":"959587","name":"Length","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Length of the Nucella shell from the apex to the notch

","units":{"_id":"","name":"millimeters (mm)"},"type":{"_id":"1097","name":"length","description":"

Length is a one-dimensional extent equal to the distance between two points.

"}},{"_id":"959588","name":"Height","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Vertical distance from the base of the aperture to the top of the shell

","units":{"_id":"","name":"millimeters (mm)"},"type":{"_id":"663027","name":"height","description":"

The measurement of an organism or object from base to top

"}},{"_id":"959589","name":"Retract","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Retraction distance of the snail

","units":{"_id":"","name":"millimeters (mm)"},"type":{"_id":"1073","name":"no_bcodmo_term","description":"

An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

"}},{"_id":"959590","name":"Weight","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Weight of the snail

","units":{"_id":"","name":"grams (g)"},"type":{"_id":"1678","name":"weight","description":"

Weight of a sample or object; see dataset for units of measurement. Weight is a physical quality inhering in a bearer that has mass near a gravitational body. (Mass and weight are not equivalent.)

"}}],"related_publications":[{"id":"948176","citation":"Ng, G., & Gaylord, B. (2025). Identifying the role of fear in trophic cascades. Ecosphere. Manuscript in preparation.","relation_type":["Results"],"relation_desc":""}],"related_datasets":[{"_id":"947753","name":"Algal consumption data: Tegula with Cancer productus as the predator","url":"","relation_type":"IsRelatedTo","type_desc":"

The dataset is related to another dataset.

\n","relation_desc":"Data from experiments to be published in results publication Ng & Gaylord (2025, in-prep). See \"Related-Resource\" page for that results publication https://www.bco-dmo.org/related-resource/948176","citation":"Ng, G., Gaylord, B. (2025) Algal consumption data from Tegula in the presence of the predator Pisaster ochraceus, displaying anti-predatory responses or not within mesocosms at Bodega Marine Lab in 2018. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2025-01-02 doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.947757.1"}],"services":[{"grouping":"","items":[{"name":"View Data","description":"An in-browser view of the primary tabular data file","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/959533/data/view","contentType":"text/html","actionType":"view"}]},{"grouping":"ERDDAP","items":[{"name":"SUBSET DATA","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_959533_v1.html","contentType":"text/html","actionType":"tool"},{"name":"VIEW TABLE","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_959533_v1.htmlTable","contentType":"text/html","actionType":"view"},{"name":"CSV","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_959533_v1.csv","contentType":"text/csv","actionType":"download"},{"name":"TSV","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_959533_v1.tsv","contentType":"text/tsv","actionType":"download"},{"name":"MATLAB","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_959533_v1.mat","contentType":"text/x-matlab","actionType":"download"},{"name":"netCDF","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_959533_v1.nc","contentType":"application/x-netcdf","actionType":"download"}]},{"grouping":"Metadata","items":[{"name":"HTML","description":"A simple HTML page of the dataset metadata","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/959533/description","contentType":"text/html","actionType":"view"},{"name":"PDF","description":"A PDF of the HTML dataset metadata","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/959533/Dataset_description.pdf","contentType":"application/pdf","actionType":"download"},{"name":"ISO 19115-2 (NOAA Profile)","description":"","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/959533/iso","contentType":"application/xml","actionType":"download"}]}],"programs":[],"projects":[{"_id":"712799","name":"Trophic consequences of ocean acidification: Intertidal sea star predators and their grazer prey","acronym":"BOAR Trophic","description":"$1c"}],"archives":[{"id_value":"10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.959533.1","url":"https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.959533.1","date_assigned":"2025-05-05","version_date":"2025-04-21","archiver":"Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)","archiver_id":"272"}],"license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","id":"CC-BY-4.0","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","spdxUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/CC-BY-4.0"},"metrics":{"views":{"count":30},"downloads":{"count":275}}}}]