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            <gco:CharacterString>Cite this dataset as: Ng, G., Gaylord, B. (2025) Nucella lamellosa morphometric measurements after induction in the presence of predatory Pisaster ochraceus at Bodega Marine Laboratory in 2018 and 2019. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2025-04-21 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.959533.1 [access date]</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>Dataset Description: &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;See &amp;quot;Related Datasets&amp;quot; section for other datasets to be published in Ng &amp;amp;amp; Gaylord (2025, in-prep).&amp;amp;nbsp; These datasets&amp;amp;nbsp;are also listed on the &amp;quot;Related-Resource&amp;quot; page for that results publication&amp;amp;nbsp;https://www.bco-dmo.org/related-resource/948176&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
All datasets in this project can be viewed from the &amp;quot;Dataset Collections&amp;quot; of the project page&amp;amp;nbsp;https://www.bco-dmo.org/project/712799&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt; Methods and Sampling: &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;We collected &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Pisaster ochraceus &amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;along the coastline of Carmet Beach, California &amp;amp;nbsp;(38.372172 N, 123.076438 W) in spring of 2018, and &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Nucella lamellosa&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; at Washington Park in Anacortes, Washington (48.502190 N, -122.691865 W) in July 2018.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;We placed 20 &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Nucella&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; in each of ten containers (33cm x 20cm x 11.5cm) for a total of 200 individuals (25.9mm +/- 2.4mm in length). Half of the containers were supplied with seawater flowing from a chamber above them that held one &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Pisaster&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; (96.7mm +/- 8.5mm from madreporite to longest arm). This set of containers resulted in morphologically induced snails, where individuals retracted their bodies farther into their shells, potentially from an elongation of shell length (Bourdeau 2009). The other five containers were supplied from a chamber with just seawater (no sea star cue) flowing from it, resulting in non-induced snails. All the &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Nucella&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; during the experiment were fed &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;ad libitum&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; with &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Balanus&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; barnacle prey.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;We measured various &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Nucella &amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;morphometrics at multiple time points of the experiment. The morphometrics include &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Nucella &amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;weight, the length of the shell from the apex to the notch, the height of the shell from the base of the aperture to the top of the shell, and the retraction capability of &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Nucella&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;. Retraction into the shell is our focal metric and is defined as the distance from the base of the snail’s aperture by the columella to its operculum when the individual is fully retracted. The induction (or non-induction) period lasted from July 2, 2018 to November 14, 2018.&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;Further morphometric data were collected in February 2019 but were not used in the analysis.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;To test the effect of predator cue on &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Nucella&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; morphology, we analyzed whether there was an effect of &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Pisaster&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; cue on retractability both at the start and end of the induction period. Both containers and individual &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Nucella&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; were included as random effects.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Organism identifiers (taxonomic names used in dataset metadata):&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Scientific Name, Life Science Identifier (LSID)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Nucella lamellosa, urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:404218&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Pisaster ochraceus,urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:240755&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/award/712798.rdf" xlink:title="OCE-1636191" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1636191 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1636191</gmx:Anchor>
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The absorption of human-produced carbon dioxide into the world's oceans is altering the chemistry of seawater, including decreasing its pH. Such changes, collectively called &quot;ocean acidification&quot;, are expected to influence numerous types of sea creatures. This project examines how shifts in ocean pH affect animal behavior and thus interactions among species. It uses a case study system that involves sea star predators, snail grazers that they eat, and seaweeds consumed by the latter. The rocky-shore habitats where these organisms live have a long history of attention, and new findings from this work will further extend an already-large body of marine ecological knowledge. The project provides support for graduate and undergraduate students, including underrepresented students from a nearby community college. The project underpins the development of a new educational module for local K-12 schools. Findings will moreover be communicated to the public through the use of short film documentaries, as well as through established relationships with policy, management, and industry groups, and contacts with the media.&lt;/p&gt;
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http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959588.rdf
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                <gco:CharacterString>&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;We collected &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Pisaster ochraceus &amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;along the coastline of Carmet Beach, California &amp;amp;nbsp;(38.372172 N, 123.076438 W) in spring of 2018, and &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Nucella lamellosa&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; at Washington Park in Anacortes, Washington (48.502190 N, -122.691865 W) in July 2018.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;We placed 20 &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Nucella&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; in each of ten containers (33cm x 20cm x 11.5cm) for a total of 200 individuals (25.9mm +/- 2.4mm in length). Half of the containers were supplied with seawater flowing from a chamber above them that held one &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Pisaster&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; (96.7mm +/- 8.5mm from madreporite to longest arm). This set of containers resulted in morphologically induced snails, where individuals retracted their bodies farther into their shells, potentially from an elongation of shell length (Bourdeau 2009). The other five containers were supplied from a chamber with just seawater (no sea star cue) flowing from it, resulting in non-induced snails. All the &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Nucella&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; during the experiment were fed &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;ad libitum&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; with &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Balanus&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; barnacle prey.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;We measured various &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Nucella &amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;morphometrics at multiple time points of the experiment. The morphometrics include &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Nucella &amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;weight, the length of the shell from the apex to the notch, the height of the shell from the base of the aperture to the top of the shell, and the retraction capability of &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Nucella&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;. Retraction into the shell is our focal metric and is defined as the distance from the base of the snail’s aperture by the columella to its operculum when the individual is fully retracted. The induction (or non-induction) period lasted from July 2, 2018 to November 14, 2018.&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;Further morphometric data were collected in February 2019 but were not used in the analysis.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;To test the effect of predator cue on &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Nucella&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; morphology, we analyzed whether there was an effect of &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Pisaster&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; cue on retractability both at the start and end of the induction period. Both containers and individual &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Nucella&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; were included as random effects.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Organism identifiers (taxonomic names used in dataset metadata):&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Scientific Name, Life Science Identifier (LSID)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Nucella lamellosa, urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:404218&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Pisaster ochraceus,urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:240755&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gco:CharacterString>* Raw data and analysis script were bundled into file nucella_retraction_analysis_package.zip with no file changes. Attached as a supplemental file.

* Data table from submitted file &amp;quot;Morpho stats.csv&amp;quot; was imported into the BCO-DMO data system.  Table will appear on this dataset page as Data File:
959533_v1_nucella-retraction.csv  (with other download format options).

* Bounding box for dataset determined by sampling locations provided and location of experiment at Bodega Bay Marine Laboratory (38.3180548,-123.0743098).

* Any column names with characters other than letters, numbers and underscores were renamed to meet BCO-DMO naming conventions designed to support broad re-use by a variety of research tools and scripting languages. [Only numbers, letters, and underscores.  Can not start with a number]

Missing Data Identifiers:
* In the BCO-DMO data system missing data identifiers are displayed according to the format of data you access. For example, in csv files it will be blank (null) values. In Matlab .mat files it will be NaN values. When viewing data online at BCO-DMO, the missing value will be shown as blank (null) values.

* Taxonomic identifiers added to the metadata (Life Science Identifiers (LSID)).  Names matched using the  World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) on 2024-01-02.</gco:CharacterString>
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