http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/960575
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2025-05-09
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Sulfate triple oxygen isotope signatures in Messinian evaporite and barite from cores collected
2025-08-07
publication
2025-08-07
revision
Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)
2025-08-07
publication
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.960575.1
David Johnston
Harvard University
principalInvestigator
Clara L. Blättler
University of Chicago
principalInvestigator
David A. Hodell
University of Cambridge
principalInvestigator
Adina Paytan
University of California-Santa Cruz
principalInvestigator
Weiqi Yao
Harvard University
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Waldeck, A., Olson, H. C., Yao, W., Blättler, C. L., Paytan, A., Hodell, D. A., Johnston, D. (2025) Sulfate triple oxygen isotope signatures in Messinian evaporite and barite from cores collected. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2025-08-07 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.960575.1 [access date]
Sulfate triple oxygen isotope signatures in Messinian evaporite and barite Dataset Description: Methods and Sampling: <p><strong>Evaporite samples</strong></p>
<p>Evaporite samples from the Rio de Aguas section (37°05′23.2″N 002°06′54.2″W) of the Sorbas Basin in&nbsp;southeastern&nbsp;Spain, were collected in April 2013 and March 2014. Additional evaporite samples were collected from the Monte Grotticelle Formation in the Caltanissetta Basin, Sicily. Samples were drilled from each outcrop, and care was taken to remove weathered surface material (Evans et al., 2015). Evaporite samples from the Tyrrhenian Basin come from Ocean Drilling Project (DSDP) Leg 107, Site 654, Hole A, were collected February 3-8, 1986 (Site 654, 1987).</p>
<p>For each sample, ∼100 mg of powdered, homogenized evaporite was dissolved in weak HCl (0.1 mM, 125 mL) on a shaker table at 60&nbsp;°C overnight. The dissolved sulfate was isolated via chromatography (Le Gendre et al., 2017). Following this method, empty polypropylene SPE tubes with 20 mL volume were packed with 5 g of AG1-X8 anion exchange resin and preconditioned with 3x20 mL of 3 M HCl followed by 3x20 mL of deionized (DI) water. Dissolved SO<sub>4</sub> solutions were loaded onto columns at a rate of 1 mL/min, and subsequently eluted with 44 mL of 0.4 M HCl. To quantitatively precipitate BaSO<sub>4</sub>, 1-2 mL of 1 M BaCl<sub>2</sub> solution was added to the collected fraction. Samples were then centrifuged, rinsed 3 times with DI, and dried in a 60&nbsp;°C oven.</p>
<p><strong>Barite samples</strong></p>
<p>Marine sediments from the Ocean Drilling Project (DSDP) Leg 138, Site 849, Hole D, were collected in June 1991 (Site 849, 1992). These sediments were requested from the IODP repository. Sediments were treated with a sequential leaching procedure to purify barite minerals, which is outlined in previous work (Paytan et al., 1993; Markovic et al., 2016). Following extraction of barite from sediments, the barite was collected onto filter paper and heated at 750&nbsp;°C in a furnace for 1 h to oxidize highly refractory organic matter.&nbsp;</p>
<p>Subsequently, the barite was further purified following a sodium carbonate dissolution method (Breit et al., 1985; Von Allmen et al., 2010; Markovic et al., 2016). Afterwards, samples were weighed and added to PTFE vials with a 0.5 M Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> solution in a ratio of 10 mg BaSO<sub>4</sub> to 2 mL of Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> solution. The closed vials containing sample mixtures were sonicated at room temperature for 60 min and then placed in an 80&nbsp;°C oven for 16 h. After heating, the solution was transferred to a 15 mL falcon tube, and additional 0.5 M Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> solution was added to the vials to react with the precipitates. The sodium carbonate dissolution step was performed three times, and the supernatant was collected in the same&nbsp;15 mL falcon tube after each heating step. After the third collection, barium chloride was added (10% BaCl<sub>2</sub> in 2 M HCl) to the&nbsp;15 mL falcon tube until samples reached pH&lt;2, to precipitate BaSO<sub>4</sub>. The tubes were centrifuged to collect the BaSO<sub>4</sub> precipitate, and BaSO<sub>4</sub> was rinsed 2 times in 2 N HCl, then 3 times in DI, and then dried at 60&nbsp;°C.</p>
<p><strong>delta18O</strong></p>
<p>The delta18O composition of purified barite was measured using a high-temperature conversion elemental analyzer (TC/EA) coupled with a Thermo Scientific Delta V Plus isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS), configured in a continuous flow mode.&nbsp; In short, ∼250±50 μg of clean, dry barite was weighed in triplicate into silver capsules (Elemental Microanalysis; 4x3.2 mm) with AgCl and glassy C additive in an approximately 2:1 mass ratio. Before measurement, weighed sample capsules were dried at 60&nbsp;°C in a vacuum oven overnight.&nbsp; The delta18O values were corrected Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (VSMOW) scale using the accepted delta18O values for three International Atomic Energy Agency&nbsp;(IAEA) standards included in each run: IAEA-SO5, IAEA-SO6, and NBS-127 (Brand et al., 2009). Samples from each run were corrected for the amount of additive, drift over the course of the analysis, and scale compression.</p>
<p><strong>Delta'17O</strong></p>
<p>The Delta'17O composition of purified barite was measured using a custom-built laser fluorination line, coupled with a Thermo Scientific MAT 253 isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS), as previously described (Cowie and Johnston, 2016). Approximately 5 mg of purified barite was reacted in a pure F2 atmosphere by heating with a 50 W CO2-laser, which liberates O2 along with other fluorinated byproducts. Sample gas was passed through multiple cryofocus steps and an in-line gas chromatograph (GC) before being introduced as pure O2 to a Thermo Scientific MAT 253 gas source isotope ratio mass spectrometer configured in dual-inlet mode. Each delta18O and delta17O were taken as the mean of 4 acquisitions of 10 cycles with a target of 3000-5000 mV on the m/z 34-cup. Delta'17O was calculated from the measured delta18O and delta17O of the O2 gas.</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1821958 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1821958
completed
David Johnston
Harvard University
EPS Department 20 Oxford St
Cambridge
MA
02138
USA
johnston@eps.harvard.edu
pointOfContact
Clara L. Blättler
University of Chicago
cblattler@uchicago.edu
pointOfContact
David A. Hodell
University of Cambridge
dah73@cam.ac.uk
pointOfContact
Adina Paytan
University of California-Santa Cruz
831-459-1437
Earth & Marine Sciences C308 1156 High St
Santa Cruz
CA
95064
USA
apaytan@ucsc.edu
pointOfContact
Weiqi Yao
Harvard University
yaowq@sustech.edu.cn
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
Identifier_1
Identifier_2
Cycle
Estimated_Height
d18O_TCEA
O2_Yield
d17O_VSMOW_SLAP
d18O_VSMOW_SLAP
Delta_prime_17O_VSMOW_SLAP
n
Lat
Lon
Centrifuged
Drill Core Samples
vacuum oven
high-temperature conversion elemental analyzer (TC/EA)
Furnace
in-line gas chromatograph (GC)
Thermo Scientific MAT 253 isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS)
50 W CO2-laser
Weighed
Thermo Scientific Delta V Plus isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS)
Sonicated
theme
None, User defined
sample identification
region
sample description
depth below seafloor
oxygen 16 to oxygen 18 ratio
dissolved Oxygen
delta17O
numb_obs
latitude
longitude
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
Centrifuge
Drill Core
Drying Oven
Elemental Analyzer
furnace
Gas Chromatograph
Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometer
Laser
scale or balance
Thermo Fisher Scientific DELTA V Plus isotope ratio mass spectrometer
ultrasonic cell disrupter (sonicator)
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
IODP-107
IODP-138
service
Deployment Activity
Tyrrhenian Sea
138 East Equatorial Pacific
place
Locations
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
Collaborative Research: Development of a novel way for understanding ancient Earth atmospheres and marine sulfate using the stable isotope of Oxygen (17O) in marine barite.
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/938152
Collaborative Research: Development of a novel way for understanding ancient Earth atmospheres and marine sulfate using the stable isotope of Oxygen (17O) in marine barite.
<p>NSF Award Abstract:</p>
<p>Marine sediments contain a record of climate evolution and how Earth's surface has changed over the last 125 million years. Part of this story is locked up in marine barite (BaSO4), a mineral that precipitates from seawater and contains sulfur and oxygen. Through studies of the stable isotopes in seawater sulfate (SO4), changes in biogeochemical processes and variations in other chemical cycles that are important for life on Earth have been determined. However, due to the properties of this sulfate and its ability to incorporate information from processes as diverse as climate, microbial metabolism and weathering, interpretation of traditional oxygen isotope (18O/16O) and sulfur isotope (34S/32S) measurements commonly result in interpretations that are not unique. This research explores a new, independent means for unraveling the information stored in marine barite via the addition of a previously difficult-to-measure, and hence generally overlooked, isotope of oxygen: 17O. Only recently, with the development of increasingly sensitive mass spectrometers and new laboratory methodologies, have these measurements become possible. The 17O signal locked inside marine barite has the potential to identify the oxygen/carbon dioxide ratio of the atmosphere as well as the intensity of biospheric activity and how these parameters have changed over time, important knowledge for understanding present atmospheric compositions and processes related to global warming. This pilot study analyzes barite in the core tops of ten marine cores to quantitatively evaluate whether barite is a faithful recorder of marine sulfate. To further validate whether 17O can provide a reliable proxy for unraveling the influences of various environmental processes, analyses of samples from additional cores and down core of the those analyzed in the core top study will be carried out.</p>
<p>This research further develops and explores the potential of using marine barite to construct a reliable record of the 17O fingerprint of seawater sulfate over the last 125 million years (i.e., from the Cretaceous through the Cenozoic). If successful, the work, in combination with the results of more commonly measured oxygen (18O/16O) and sulfur (33S/32S and 34S/36S) isotope ratios, has the potential to provide insights into the O2/CO2 composition of the atmosphere over time and activity of Earth's biosphere. Although previously 17O measurements of marine barite were difficult to make and had high uncertainties, this limitation has now been overcome by advances in mass spectrometry and the development of laboratory procedures that are tuned to increase the analytical precision of 17O. Goals of the research are to measure 17O in carefully selected barite samples from sediment cores collected from the floor of the Pacific Ocean and quantify the offset, if any, between modern core-top barite and contemporaneous water column sulfate. It will also measure down core variations of 17O to examine variations in the isotope signature with time and compare these with the results from co-existing pore waters to examine possible diagenetic effects. The result will be validation of this new proxy in the marine record. Samples of barite will be extracted from sediment from the tops of ten cores, using acid leaching and other separation techniques to remove all oxygen-bearing phases but barite. The resulting barite will be checked for purity using techniques including scanning and analytical electron microscopy. Preparation of samples for isotope work will include fluorination and analysis on a high resolution isotope ratio mass spectrometer.</p>
<p>This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.</p>
Earth atmosphere
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
Tyrrhenian Sea; 138 East Equatorial Pacific
-110.511945
10.69667
0.183216667
40.579333
1985-02-03
2014-03-31
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Sulfate triple oxygen isotope signatures in Messinian evaporite and barite from cores collected
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/961763.rdf
Name: Identifier_1
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Sample specific identifier</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/961764.rdf
Name: Identifier_2
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Sample location or type identifier</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/961765.rdf
Name: Cycle
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Evaporite sequence cycle (included for Sorbas and Caltanissetta Basin samples)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/961766.rdf
Name: Estimated_Height
Units: meters (m)
Description: <p>Stratigraphic height or depth in meters below sea floor (mbsf)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/961767.rdf
Name: d18O_TCEA
Units: permil
Description: <p>18O/16O isotope composition of sulfate, corrected to VSMOW scale</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/961768.rdf
Name: O2_Yield
Units: percent (%)
Description: <p>Fraction of sulfate oxygen reacted to form O2</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/961769.rdf
Name: d17O_VSMOW_SLAP
Units: permil
Description: <p>17O/16O isotope composition of O2, corrected to VSMOW/SLAP scale</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/961770.rdf
Name: d18O_VSMOW_SLAP
Units: permil
Description: <p>18O/16O isotope composition of O2, corrected to VSMOW/SLAP scale</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/961771.rdf
Name: Delta_prime_17O_VSMOW_SLAP
Units: permil
Description: <p>Triple oxygen isotope composition of sulfate, corrected to VSMOW/SLAP scale</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/961772.rdf
Name: n
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Number of replicate triple oxygen isotope measurements of each sample</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/961773.rdf
Name: Lat
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Latitude of sample collection, positive is N</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/961774.rdf
Name: Lon
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Longitude of sample collection, positive is E</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
5383
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/1e2ad99a-f232-4ef4-b545-a058b6906914/content
download
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.960575.1
download
onLine
dataset
<p><strong>Evaporite samples</strong></p>
<p>Evaporite samples from the Rio de Aguas section (37°05′23.2″N 002°06′54.2″W) of the Sorbas Basin in&nbsp;southeastern&nbsp;Spain, were collected in April 2013 and March 2014. Additional evaporite samples were collected from the Monte Grotticelle Formation in the Caltanissetta Basin, Sicily. Samples were drilled from each outcrop, and care was taken to remove weathered surface material (Evans et al., 2015). Evaporite samples from the Tyrrhenian Basin come from Ocean Drilling Project (DSDP) Leg 107, Site 654, Hole A, were collected February 3-8, 1986 (Site 654, 1987).</p>
<p>For each sample, ∼100 mg of powdered, homogenized evaporite was dissolved in weak HCl (0.1 mM, 125 mL) on a shaker table at 60&nbsp;°C overnight. The dissolved sulfate was isolated via chromatography (Le Gendre et al., 2017). Following this method, empty polypropylene SPE tubes with 20 mL volume were packed with 5 g of AG1-X8 anion exchange resin and preconditioned with 3x20 mL of 3 M HCl followed by 3x20 mL of deionized (DI) water. Dissolved SO<sub>4</sub> solutions were loaded onto columns at a rate of 1 mL/min, and subsequently eluted with 44 mL of 0.4 M HCl. To quantitatively precipitate BaSO<sub>4</sub>, 1-2 mL of 1 M BaCl<sub>2</sub> solution was added to the collected fraction. Samples were then centrifuged, rinsed 3 times with DI, and dried in a 60&nbsp;°C oven.</p>
<p><strong>Barite samples</strong></p>
<p>Marine sediments from the Ocean Drilling Project (DSDP) Leg 138, Site 849, Hole D, were collected in June 1991 (Site 849, 1992). These sediments were requested from the IODP repository. Sediments were treated with a sequential leaching procedure to purify barite minerals, which is outlined in previous work (Paytan et al., 1993; Markovic et al., 2016). Following extraction of barite from sediments, the barite was collected onto filter paper and heated at 750&nbsp;°C in a furnace for 1 h to oxidize highly refractory organic matter.&nbsp;</p>
<p>Subsequently, the barite was further purified following a sodium carbonate dissolution method (Breit et al., 1985; Von Allmen et al., 2010; Markovic et al., 2016). Afterwards, samples were weighed and added to PTFE vials with a 0.5 M Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> solution in a ratio of 10 mg BaSO<sub>4</sub> to 2 mL of Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> solution. The closed vials containing sample mixtures were sonicated at room temperature for 60 min and then placed in an 80&nbsp;°C oven for 16 h. After heating, the solution was transferred to a 15 mL falcon tube, and additional 0.5 M Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> solution was added to the vials to react with the precipitates. The sodium carbonate dissolution step was performed three times, and the supernatant was collected in the same&nbsp;15 mL falcon tube after each heating step. After the third collection, barium chloride was added (10% BaCl<sub>2</sub> in 2 M HCl) to the&nbsp;15 mL falcon tube until samples reached pH&lt;2, to precipitate BaSO<sub>4</sub>. The tubes were centrifuged to collect the BaSO<sub>4</sub> precipitate, and BaSO<sub>4</sub> was rinsed 2 times in 2 N HCl, then 3 times in DI, and then dried at 60&nbsp;°C.</p>
<p><strong>delta18O</strong></p>
<p>The delta18O composition of purified barite was measured using a high-temperature conversion elemental analyzer (TC/EA) coupled with a Thermo Scientific Delta V Plus isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS), configured in a continuous flow mode.&nbsp; In short, ∼250±50 μg of clean, dry barite was weighed in triplicate into silver capsules (Elemental Microanalysis; 4x3.2 mm) with AgCl and glassy C additive in an approximately 2:1 mass ratio. Before measurement, weighed sample capsules were dried at 60&nbsp;°C in a vacuum oven overnight.&nbsp; The delta18O values were corrected Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (VSMOW) scale using the accepted delta18O values for three International Atomic Energy Agency&nbsp;(IAEA) standards included in each run: IAEA-SO5, IAEA-SO6, and NBS-127 (Brand et al., 2009). Samples from each run were corrected for the amount of additive, drift over the course of the analysis, and scale compression.</p>
<p><strong>Delta'17O</strong></p>
<p>The Delta'17O composition of purified barite was measured using a custom-built laser fluorination line, coupled with a Thermo Scientific MAT 253 isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS), as previously described (Cowie and Johnston, 2016). Approximately 5 mg of purified barite was reacted in a pure F2 atmosphere by heating with a 50 W CO2-laser, which liberates O2 along with other fluorinated byproducts. Sample gas was passed through multiple cryofocus steps and an in-line gas chromatograph (GC) before being introduced as pure O2 to a Thermo Scientific MAT 253 gas source isotope ratio mass spectrometer configured in dual-inlet mode. Each delta18O and delta17O were taken as the mean of 4 acquisitions of 10 cycles with a target of 3000-5000 mV on the m/z 34-cup. Delta'17O was calculated from the measured delta18O and delta17O of the O2 gas.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p>The measured delta18O and Delta'17O values were corrected to VSMOW/SLAP scale using a least squares regression through the accepted values for the triple oxygen isotope composition of air O<sub>2</sub> and the IAEA silicate standards UWG-2 and NBS-28 (Wostbrock et al., 2020).</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
- Imported "Messinian marine sulfate oxygen isotope data.xlsx" into the BCO-DMO system
- Renamed parameter names to remove special characters to comply with BCO-DMO naming conventions
- Replaced all lat and lon values (appeared in multiple formats) with corresponding values in decimal degrees format
- Submitter provided a list of edits for "Identifier_1" and "Estimated_Height"; edits were made on a cell by cell basis
- Exported file as "960575_v1_messinian_sulfate.csv"
Specified by BCO-DMO Data Managers
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
Centrifuged
Centrifuged
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Centrifuged PI Supplied Instrument Description:Samples were then centrifuged, rinsed 3 times with DI, and dried in a 60 °C oven. Instrument Name: Centrifuge Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: A machine with a rapidly rotating container that applies centrifugal force to its contents, typically to separate fluids of different densities (e.g., cream from milk) or liquids from solids.
Drill Core Samples
Drill Core Samples
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Drill Core Samples PI Supplied Instrument Description: Samples were drilled from each outcrop, and care was taken to remove weathered surface material (Evans et al., 2015). Instrument Name: Drill Core Instrument Short Name:Drill Core Instrument Description: A core drill is a drill specifically designed to remove a cylinder of material, much like a hole saw. The material left inside the drill bit is referred to as the core.
Core drills are used frequently in mineral exploration where the coring may be several hundred to several thousand feet in length. The core samples are recovered and examined by geologists for mineral percentages and stratigraphic contact points. This gives exploration companies the information necessary to begin or abandon mining operations in a particular area.
vacuum oven
vacuum oven
PI Supplied Instrument Name: vacuum oven PI Supplied Instrument Description:Before measurement, weighed sample capsules were dried at 60 °C in a vacuum oven overnight. Instrument Name: Drying Oven Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: a heated chamber for drying
high-temperature conversion elemental analyzer (TC/EA)
high-temperature conversion elemental analyzer (TC/EA)
PI Supplied Instrument Name: high-temperature conversion elemental analyzer (TC/EA) PI Supplied Instrument Description:The delta18O composition of purified barite was measured using a high-temperature conversion elemental analyzer (TC/EA) coupled with a Thermo Scientific Delta V Plus isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS), configured in a continuous flow mode. Instrument Name: Elemental Analyzer Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: Instruments that quantify carbon, nitrogen and sometimes other elements by combusting the sample at very high temperature and assaying the resulting gaseous oxides. Usually used for samples including organic material. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB01/
Furnace
Furnace
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Furnace PI Supplied Instrument Description:Following extraction of barite from sediments, the barite was collected onto filter paper and heated at 750 °C in a furnace for 1 h to oxidize highly refractory organic matter. Instrument Name: furnace Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: An enclosed chamber designed to produce heat.
in-line gas chromatograph (GC)
in-line gas chromatograph (GC)
PI Supplied Instrument Name: in-line gas chromatograph (GC) PI Supplied Instrument Description:Sample gas was passed through multiple cryofocus steps and an in-line gas chromatograph (GC) before being introduced as pure O2 to a Thermo Scientific MAT 253 gas source isotope ratio mass spectrometer configured in dual-inlet mode. Instrument Name: Gas Chromatograph Instrument Short Name:Gas Chromatograph Instrument Description: Instrument separating gases, volatile substances, or substances dissolved in a volatile solvent by transporting an inert gas through a column packed with a sorbent to a detector for assay. (from SeaDataNet, BODC) Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB02/
Thermo Scientific MAT 253 isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS)
Thermo Scientific MAT 253 isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS)
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Thermo Scientific MAT 253 isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) PI Supplied Instrument Description:The Delta'17O composition of purified barite was measured using a custom-built laser fluorination line, coupled with a Thermo Scientific MAT 253 isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS), as previously described (Cowie and Johnston, 2016).
Sample gas was passed through multiple cryofocus steps and an in-line gas chromatograph (GC) before being introduced as pure O2 to a Thermo Scientific MAT 253 gas source isotope ratio mass spectrometer configured in dual-inlet mode. Instrument Name: Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometer Instrument Short Name:IR Mass Spec; IRMS Instrument Description: The Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometer is a particular type of mass spectrometer used to measure the relative abundance of isotopes in a given sample (e.g. VG Prism II Isotope Ratio Mass-Spectrometer). Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB16/
50 W CO2-laser
50 W CO2-laser
PI Supplied Instrument Name: 50 W CO2-laser PI Supplied Instrument Description:Approximately 5 mg of purified barite was reacted in a pure F2 atmosphere by heating with a 50 W CO2-laser, which liberates O2 along with other fluorinated byproducts. Instrument Name: Laser Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: A device that generates an intense beam of coherent monochromatic light (or other electromagnetic radiation) by stimulated emission of photons from excited atoms or molecules.
Weighed
Weighed
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Weighed PI Supplied Instrument Description: In short, ∼250±50 μg of clean, dry barite was weighed in triplicate into silver capsules (Elemental Microanalysis; 4x3.2 mm) with AgCl and glassy C additive in an approximately 2:1 mass ratio. Instrument Name: scale or balance Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: Devices that determine the mass or weight of a sample. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB13/
Thermo Scientific Delta V Plus isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS)
Thermo Scientific Delta V Plus isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS)
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Thermo Scientific Delta V Plus isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) PI Supplied Instrument Description:The delta18O composition of purified barite was measured using a high-temperature conversion elemental analyzer (TC/EA) coupled with a Thermo Scientific Delta V Plus isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS), configured in a continuous flow mode. Instrument Name: Thermo Fisher Scientific DELTA V Plus isotope ratio mass spectrometer Instrument Short Name:Delta V Plus IRMS Instrument Description: The Thermo Scientific DELTA V Plus is an isotope ratio mass spectrometer designed to measure isotopic, elemental and molecular ratios of organic and inorganic compounds. The DELTA V Plus is an enhanced model of the DELTA V series of isotope ratio mass spectrometers, which can be upgraded from the DELTA V Advantage. The DELTA V Plus can be operated in Continuous Flow or Dual Inlet mode and can accommodate up to 10 collectors, ensuring flexibility to cover many applications. The DELTA V Plus is controlled by an automated, integrated Isodat software suite. A magnet, whose pole faces determine the free flight space for the ions, eliminates the traditional flight tube. The magnet is designed for fast mass switching which is further supported by a fast jump control between consecutive measurements of multiple gases within one run. The sample gas is introduced at ground potential, eliminating the need for insulation of the flow path, ensuring 100 percent transfer into the ion source. The amplifiers register ion beams up to 50 V. The DELTA V Plus has refined optics, enabling greater ion transmission than the DELTA V Advantage. It has a sensitivity of 800 molecules per ion (M/I) in Dual Inlet mode and 1100 M/I in Continuous Flow mode. It has a system stability of < 10 ppm and an effective magnetic detection radius of 191 nm. It has a mass range of 1 - 96 Dalton at 3 kV.
Sonicated
Sonicated
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Sonicated PI Supplied Instrument Description:The closed vials containing sample mixtures were sonicated at room temperature for 60 min and then placed in an 80 °C oven for 16 h. Instrument Name: ultrasonic cell disrupter (sonicator) Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: Instrument that applies sound energy to agitate particles in a sample.
Cruise: IODP-107
IODP-107
R/V JOIDES Resolution
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V JOIDES Resolution
vessel
IODP-107
http://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.ir.107.1987
Report describing IODP-107
Cruise: IODP-138
IODP-138
R/V JOIDES Resolution
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V JOIDES Resolution
vessel
IODP-138
http://www-odp.tamu.edu/sciops/Leg_Summaries/Legs_121-140/Leg138.html
Report describing IODP-138
R/V JOIDES Resolution
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V JOIDES Resolution
vessel