http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/961940 eng; USA utf8 dataset Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact 2025-05-14 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Discrete carbonate data from Narragansett Bay in 2022 and 2023 2025-05-14 publication 2025-05-14 revision Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA) 2025-05-16 publication https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.961940.1 Hongjie Wang University of Rhode Island principalInvestigator Andrew Davies University of Rhode Island principalInvestigator Kristofer Gomes University of Rhode Island principalInvestigator Shuai Gu Texas A&M University principalInvestigator Heather Stoffel University of Rhode Island principalInvestigator Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. publisher Cite this dataset as: Baskind, A., Ahumada, G., Gomes, K., Stoffel, H., Gu, S., Davies, A., Wang, H. (2025) Discrete carbonate data from Narragansett Bay in 2022 and 2023. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2025-05-14 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.961940.1 [access date] Methods and Sampling: &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;This dataset contains discrete carbonate data (TA, DIC, pH, Temperature, Salinity). See the &quot;Related Publications&quot; section&amp;nbsp;for autonomously collected pH data also described in this methodology.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; The Mount View (MV) and Quonset Point (QP) sensors are maintained by the Narragansett Bay Fixed Station Monitoring Network (NBFSMN). Each sensor measures pH, along with temperature, salinity, and DO in the surface, every 15 and were deployed only from spring to fall.&amp;nbsp; Complete documentation provided by the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management (RIDEM, 2020; https://dem.ri.gov/sites/g/files/xkgbur861/files/programs/benviron/water/quality/surfwq/pdfs/nbfsmn.pdf).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The Conanicut Hydrocat 620 and Potowomut Hydrocat 720 sensors are maintained by the Rhode Island Consortium for Coastal Ecology Assessment, Innovation, and Modeling (RI C-AIM; https://data-explorer.riddc.brown.edu/dataset/buoy-telemetry/summary) and Rhode Island Sea Grant. Each sensor measures pH, along with temperature, salinity, and DO, every 15 minutes approximately 1 meter below the surface (RI C-AIM, 2024). The hydrocat sensors were deployed year-round and were recovered every 2 to 4 weeks, weather permitting, for maintenance at which point the flow path and the conductivity cell are flushed with 1% Triton detergent followed by vigorous flushing with DI water.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Discrete bottle samples were collected to verify the sensor data. Samples for the southern region of the bay (i.e. near QP and Conanicut buoy) were collected weekly as part of the Narragansett Bay Long Term Phytoplankton Time Series (PLT), which is located just off the Conanicut buoy. The time series typically collects samples on Monday mornings at approximately 7:30am, barring weeks when inclement weather conditions delayed or canceled sampling. Samples for the northern region of the bay (i.e. Greenwich Bay near MV and Potowomut buoy) were collected approximately once a month. After collection, samples were poisoned with 100 uM &amp;nbsp;of saturated mercuric chloride solution and stored in the refrigerator until analysis for DIC and TA. DIC and TA were measured according to Dickson et al. (2007) using the Apollo SciTech Model AS-C6L Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Analyzer and the Apollo SciTech Model AS-ALK3 Total Alkalinity Titrator. Instruments were calibrated to Certified Reference Material (CRM) from Scripps Institute of Oceanography at room temperature (21 - 22° C). For DIC analysis, a sample of CRM was run prior to and at the end of sample analysis for quality control. TA analysis was calibrated to CRM, and either a sample of CRM or aged open ocean water was run at beginning of daily analysis and end of daily analysis for quality control. Lab-based measurements carry a ±0.2% uncertainty for alkalinity and ±0.1% uncertainty for DIC.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Instruments:&lt;br /&gt; (additional context to accompany the list in the &quot;Instruments&quot; section)&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The Mount View (MV; EXO V2) and Quonset Point (QP; 6600EDS) sensors are YSI brand multi-parameter sondes maintained by the Narragansett Bay Fixed Station Monitoring Network (NBFSMN). Both sondes were equipped to measure temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH [NBS], depth, and chlorophyll. The surface equipment was housed in a tube on a monitoring buoy station with the instrument depth about 1 meter from surface. All NBFSMN data were subject to quality assurance measures including verification of calibrations and consistency among multiple instruments, corrections for sensor drift and biases due to biofouling, removal of outliers, and interpolation across selected intervals of missing data, in accordance with the NBFSMN’s EPA approved Quality Assurance Project Plan (RIDEM, 2020). To keep consistency among instruments, servicing protocols consist of swapping the deployed instruments with newly calibrated instruments on a 2-week interval to minimize biofouling. All data are verified through a three-point comparison: data from the retrieved sonde are compared to the newly calibrated sonde, as well as an independent profiling sonde, all at the deployment depth. Outliers and data errors are removed based on criteria set in the NBFSMN’s Quality Assurance Project Plan. Data correction and gaps in coverage on average affect up to 6% of the record at an individual station for an annual assessment. Corrections were filled using linear interpolation and/or sensor offsets following Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC) protocols detailed in the NBFSMN’s Quality Assurance Project Plan.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The Conanicut Hydrocat 620 and Potowomut Hydrocat 720 sensors were equipped with Seabird Hydrocat-EP CTD sensors (model number# HC-EP.1011S), equipped with a Seabird Hydrocat-EP pH Module (model#802532). Hydrocat-EPs collected multiple parameters including temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen. The hydrocat sensors were deployed year-round and were recovered every 2 to 4 weeks, weather permitting, for maintenance at which point the flow path and the conductivity cell are flushed with 1% Triton detergent followed by vigorous flushing with DI water. Following the cleaning, conductivity checks with conductivity standards (1413 μS,10,000 μS) ensures proper function, as well as a three point pH calibration of the pH Module (pH 4,7,10). pH calibrations were performed in Seabird's UCI software using their pH calibration wizard. Sensors were sent back to Seabird Scientific for yearly manufacturer calibrations. QA/QC was conducted in R using the R package OCE (Kelley &amp;amp; Richards, 2024), following QA/QC tests established by OOIO (NSF Ocean Observatories Initiative, 2012) including, a stuck value test, despiking, and a range test against global values for measured parameters provided by OOIO and local values in Narragansett Bay provided by the Narragansett Bay Long-Term Plankton Time Series (https://web.uri.edu/gso/research/plankton/).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;DIC and TA in discrete samples were measured according to Dickson et al. (2007) using the Apollo SciTech Model AS-C6L Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Analyzer and the Apollo SciTech Model AS-ALK3 Total Alkalinity Titrator. Instruments were calibrated to Certified Reference Material (CRM) from Scripps Institute of Oceanography at room temperature (21 - 22° C). For DIC analysis, a sample of CRM was run prior to and at the end of sample analysis for quality control. TA analysis was calibrated to CRM, and either a sample of CRM or aged open ocean water was run at beginning of daily analysis and end of daily analysis for quality control. Lab-based measurements carry a ±0.2% uncertainty for alkalinity and ±0.1% uncertainty for DIC.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Temperature and salinity in the discrete carbonate data were measured with the Seabird instruments (analogous sites in the autonomous dataset).&amp;nbsp; Seabird Hydrocat-EP CTD sensors (model number# HC-EP.1011S), equipped with a Seabird Hydrocat-EP pH Module (model#802532). Hydrocat-EPs collected multiple parameters, including temperature, salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-2241991 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=2241991 completed Hongjie Wang University of Rhode Island 401-874-6141 Narragansett RI USA hwang@uri.edu pointOfContact Andrew Davies University of Rhode Island davies@uri.edu pointOfContact Kristofer Gomes University of Rhode Island kristofer_gomes@uri.edu pointOfContact Shuai Gu Texas A&M University shuai.gu@yahoo.com pointOfContact Heather Stoffel University of Rhode Island stoffel@uri.edu pointOfContact asNeeded Dataset Version: 1 Unknown Sample ISO_DateTime_UTC Location site_lat site_lon depth_category Salinity In_Situ_Temperature DIC TA pH_Total pH_NBS pH_norm_12pt5deg Seabird Hydrocat-EP CTD sensors (model number# HC-EP.1011S) Seabird Hydrocat-EP pH Module (model#802532) theme None, User defined sample identification ISO_DateTime_UTC site latitude longitude depth nominal salinity water temperature at measurement depth dissolved inorganic Carbon total alkalinity (TA) pH featureType BCO-DMO Standard Parameters Apollo SciTech AS-C6L Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) analyzer Apollo SciTech Model AS-ALK3 total alkalinity titrator CTD Sea-Bird Water Quality Multiprobe instrument BCO-DMO Standard Instruments otherRestrictions otherRestrictions Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use. Drivers of ocean acidification in a temperate urbanized estuary undergoing nutrient loading reductions https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/929658 Drivers of ocean acidification in a temperate urbanized estuary undergoing nutrient loading reductions <p><em>NSF Award Abstract:</em><br /> About one-third of human-produced carbon dioxide (CO2) has dissolved in the ocean, significantly slowing down climate change and global warming. However, as more CO2 dissolves in the sea, the ocean water becomes acidified because CO2 is a weak acid. We call this change ocean acidification (OA). OA has a significant and lasting impact on marine life, as acidified water causes shell dissolution for numerous marine species. US society is already grappling with the adverse effects of OA. OA is predicted to lead to economic losses of $400 million annually by 2100 for the US shellfish industry. Therefore, it is urgent to understand how OA is changing and the potential approaches to managing it in coastal waters. Presently, we do not have a good understanding of OA change at either the large or the small scale because so many competing processes impact OA.</p> <p>One of the most dramatic processes that affect ocean acidification (OA) is the extra nutrient loading from rivers due to human inputs. While moderate nutrient levels are necessary to support marine life, nutrient levels that are too high can cause oceanic plankton blooms. As plankton die, they sink to the seafloor, where they are decomposed by bacteria and speed up OA where shellfish live. In recent decades, management agencies have been working on improving water quality by reducing the nutrient input to coastal waters, which has the potential to reduce the OA even though OA is not the initial motivation. To our knowledge, there has yet to be targeted research to understand how OA responds to aggressive nutrient reduction. The average nutrient input to Narragansett Bay? one of the most rapidly warming estuaries in the US?has been reduced over one-third in recent decades because of intentional nutrient reduction. Therefore, Narragansett Bay can be considered a natural laboratory that can help in better understanding the OA change that other coastal areas may soon experience resulting from environmental management actions and climate change. This project will leverage the existing water quality monitoring network, collect new data, and utilize a coastal biogeochemical model to quantify OA change and the mechanisms driving its change in Narragansett Bay, RI. Through engagement with the public and local shellfish growers, we will increase their awareness of OA and enhance their ability to carry out ongoing or new aquaculture operations in the near and long term. As more US states reduce nutrient input to improve coastal water quality, this project will allow management agencies nationwide to make next-generation refinements to best limit OA for sustainable fisheries and wildlife in the face of climate change.</p> <p>This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria</p> OA Drivers in an Urbanized Estuary largerWorkCitation project eng; USA oceans -71.39 -71.3797 41.57 41.64 2022-04-28 2023-07-28 Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island 0 BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Discrete carbonate data from Narragansett Bay in 2022 and 2023 Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/961998.rdf Name: Sample Units: unitless Description: <p>The name of the sample and bottle number</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/961999.rdf Name: ISO_DateTime_UTC Units: unitless Description: <p>Date and time of measurement in UTC time zone</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/962000.rdf Name: Location Units: unitless Description: <p>Sample location (PLT for Narragansett Bay Long Term Phytoplankton Time Series site and GB for Greenwich Bay)</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/962001.rdf Name: site_lat Units: decimal degrees Description: <p>Sample location latitude</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/962002.rdf Name: site_lon Units: decimal degrees Description: <p>Sample location longitude</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/962003.rdf Name: depth_category Units: unitless Description: <p>depth of sample (surface or bottom)</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/962004.rdf Name: Salinity Units: Practical Salinity Units (PSU) Description: <p>In situ salinity</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/962005.rdf Name: In_Situ_Temperature Units: degrees Celsius (degC) Description: <p>In situ temperature</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/962006.rdf Name: DIC Units: micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg) Description: <p>measured dissolved inorganic carbon</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/962007.rdf Name: TA Units: micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg) Description: <p>measured total alkalinity</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/962008.rdf Name: pH_Total Units: total pH scale Description: <p>pH in total scale calculated from DIC, TA, temperature, and salinity using PyCO2SYS</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/962009.rdf Name: pH_NBS Units: NBS scale Description: <p>pH in NBS scale calculated from DIC, TA, temperature, and salinity using PyCO2SYS</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/962010.rdf Name: pH_norm_12pt5deg Units: total pH scale Description: <p>pH in total scale calculated from DIC, TALK, temperature, and salinity using PyCO2SYS and normalized to 12.5°C, the approximate annual mean temperature of Narragansett Bay</p> GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact 12630 https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/bb8ddaef-f1e2-42bd-9f23-c0124830fa20/content download https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.961940.1 download onLine dataset &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;This dataset contains discrete carbonate data (TA, DIC, pH, Temperature, Salinity). See the &quot;Related Publications&quot; section&amp;nbsp;for autonomously collected pH data also described in this methodology.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; The Mount View (MV) and Quonset Point (QP) sensors are maintained by the Narragansett Bay Fixed Station Monitoring Network (NBFSMN). Each sensor measures pH, along with temperature, salinity, and DO in the surface, every 15 and were deployed only from spring to fall.&amp;nbsp; Complete documentation provided by the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management (RIDEM, 2020; https://dem.ri.gov/sites/g/files/xkgbur861/files/programs/benviron/water/quality/surfwq/pdfs/nbfsmn.pdf).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The Conanicut Hydrocat 620 and Potowomut Hydrocat 720 sensors are maintained by the Rhode Island Consortium for Coastal Ecology Assessment, Innovation, and Modeling (RI C-AIM; https://data-explorer.riddc.brown.edu/dataset/buoy-telemetry/summary) and Rhode Island Sea Grant. Each sensor measures pH, along with temperature, salinity, and DO, every 15 minutes approximately 1 meter below the surface (RI C-AIM, 2024). The hydrocat sensors were deployed year-round and were recovered every 2 to 4 weeks, weather permitting, for maintenance at which point the flow path and the conductivity cell are flushed with 1% Triton detergent followed by vigorous flushing with DI water.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Discrete bottle samples were collected to verify the sensor data. Samples for the southern region of the bay (i.e. near QP and Conanicut buoy) were collected weekly as part of the Narragansett Bay Long Term Phytoplankton Time Series (PLT), which is located just off the Conanicut buoy. The time series typically collects samples on Monday mornings at approximately 7:30am, barring weeks when inclement weather conditions delayed or canceled sampling. Samples for the northern region of the bay (i.e. Greenwich Bay near MV and Potowomut buoy) were collected approximately once a month. After collection, samples were poisoned with 100 uM &amp;nbsp;of saturated mercuric chloride solution and stored in the refrigerator until analysis for DIC and TA. DIC and TA were measured according to Dickson et al. (2007) using the Apollo SciTech Model AS-C6L Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Analyzer and the Apollo SciTech Model AS-ALK3 Total Alkalinity Titrator. Instruments were calibrated to Certified Reference Material (CRM) from Scripps Institute of Oceanography at room temperature (21 - 22° C). For DIC analysis, a sample of CRM was run prior to and at the end of sample analysis for quality control. TA analysis was calibrated to CRM, and either a sample of CRM or aged open ocean water was run at beginning of daily analysis and end of daily analysis for quality control. Lab-based measurements carry a ±0.2% uncertainty for alkalinity and ±0.1% uncertainty for DIC.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Instruments:&lt;br /&gt; (additional context to accompany the list in the &quot;Instruments&quot; section)&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The Mount View (MV; EXO V2) and Quonset Point (QP; 6600EDS) sensors are YSI brand multi-parameter sondes maintained by the Narragansett Bay Fixed Station Monitoring Network (NBFSMN). Both sondes were equipped to measure temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH [NBS], depth, and chlorophyll. The surface equipment was housed in a tube on a monitoring buoy station with the instrument depth about 1 meter from surface. All NBFSMN data were subject to quality assurance measures including verification of calibrations and consistency among multiple instruments, corrections for sensor drift and biases due to biofouling, removal of outliers, and interpolation across selected intervals of missing data, in accordance with the NBFSMN’s EPA approved Quality Assurance Project Plan (RIDEM, 2020). To keep consistency among instruments, servicing protocols consist of swapping the deployed instruments with newly calibrated instruments on a 2-week interval to minimize biofouling. All data are verified through a three-point comparison: data from the retrieved sonde are compared to the newly calibrated sonde, as well as an independent profiling sonde, all at the deployment depth. Outliers and data errors are removed based on criteria set in the NBFSMN’s Quality Assurance Project Plan. Data correction and gaps in coverage on average affect up to 6% of the record at an individual station for an annual assessment. Corrections were filled using linear interpolation and/or sensor offsets following Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC) protocols detailed in the NBFSMN’s Quality Assurance Project Plan.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The Conanicut Hydrocat 620 and Potowomut Hydrocat 720 sensors were equipped with Seabird Hydrocat-EP CTD sensors (model number# HC-EP.1011S), equipped with a Seabird Hydrocat-EP pH Module (model#802532). Hydrocat-EPs collected multiple parameters including temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen. The hydrocat sensors were deployed year-round and were recovered every 2 to 4 weeks, weather permitting, for maintenance at which point the flow path and the conductivity cell are flushed with 1% Triton detergent followed by vigorous flushing with DI water. Following the cleaning, conductivity checks with conductivity standards (1413 μS,10,000 μS) ensures proper function, as well as a three point pH calibration of the pH Module (pH 4,7,10). pH calibrations were performed in Seabird's UCI software using their pH calibration wizard. Sensors were sent back to Seabird Scientific for yearly manufacturer calibrations. QA/QC was conducted in R using the R package OCE (Kelley &amp;amp; Richards, 2024), following QA/QC tests established by OOIO (NSF Ocean Observatories Initiative, 2012) including, a stuck value test, despiking, and a range test against global values for measured parameters provided by OOIO and local values in Narragansett Bay provided by the Narragansett Bay Long-Term Plankton Time Series (https://web.uri.edu/gso/research/plankton/).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;DIC and TA in discrete samples were measured according to Dickson et al. (2007) using the Apollo SciTech Model AS-C6L Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Analyzer and the Apollo SciTech Model AS-ALK3 Total Alkalinity Titrator. Instruments were calibrated to Certified Reference Material (CRM) from Scripps Institute of Oceanography at room temperature (21 - 22° C). For DIC analysis, a sample of CRM was run prior to and at the end of sample analysis for quality control. TA analysis was calibrated to CRM, and either a sample of CRM or aged open ocean water was run at beginning of daily analysis and end of daily analysis for quality control. Lab-based measurements carry a ±0.2% uncertainty for alkalinity and ±0.1% uncertainty for DIC.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Temperature and salinity in the discrete carbonate data were measured with the Seabird instruments (analogous sites in the autonomous dataset).&amp;nbsp; Seabird Hydrocat-EP CTD sensors (model number# HC-EP.1011S), equipped with a Seabird Hydrocat-EP pH Module (model#802532). Hydrocat-EPs collected multiple parameters, including temperature, salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; Specified by the Principal Investigator(s) &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;This dataset contains discrete carbonate data (TA, DIC, pH, Temperature, Salinity). See the &quot;Related Publications&quot; section&amp;nbsp;for autonomously collected pH data also described in this methodology.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; We performed a gross range test on sensor data to eliminate unrealistic data (i.e. pH measurements less than 5 or greater than 10, or DO less than 1 mg L&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;) that indicate biofouling or other sensor malfunction. We then removed obvious outliers--any data points that were more than 3 standard deviations greater or less than the sensor's annual mean or any data points that were more than 1.5 standard deviations greater than or less than the sensor's 24-hour moving mean.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Autonomous observations were compared to discrete samples. Occasionally, periods of sensor data diverged from bottle sample data with consistent, identifiable bias--for instance, a consistent underestimation or overestimation of pH by a value less than 0.1 pH unit or a dynamic bias less than 0.1 pH unit that changes with temperature or time. In the case of QP, we corrected this by adjusting all the sensor data points by the mean difference between sensor pH and bottle pH; specifically, we lowered QP pH by 0.084, the mean amount by which QP overestimated pH. Conanicut Hydrocat 620 overestimated pH in January-March 2023 when temperatures are lowest. We applied a more dynamic correction as a third order polynomial function of temperature, such that sensor pH was adjusted to be lower at colder temperatures.&amp;nbsp; Conanicut Hydrocat 620 and QP sensors were compared to weekly bottle samples collected as part of the Narragansett Bay Long Term Phytoplankton Time Series, whereas Potowomut Hydrocat 720 and MV sensors were compared to bottle samples collected approximately monthly at the same location at the Potowomut sensor.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;pH measurements from all sensors were originally on NBS scale but converted to total scale using the Python PyCO2SYS package (Humphreys et al., 2022).&lt;/p&gt; Specified by the Principal Investigator(s) * The data table within the submitted file &quot;DiscreteData_Baskind2024.csv&quot; was imported into the BCO-DMO data system for this dataset.  Table will appear as Data File: 961940_v1_discrete_carbonate-narr-bay.csv (along with other download format options). * Column names adjusted to conform to BCO-DMO naming conventions designed to support broad re-use by a variety of research tools and scripting languages. [Only numbers, letters, and underscores.  Can not start with a number] * BCO-DMO requires all columns have names. After a conversation with data submitter, the un-named first column with a row id was dropped from the table. * Additional site_lat, site_lon columns were added to the data table from site information included in provided metadata for the locations. Specified by BCO-DMO Data Managers asNeeded 7.x-1.1 Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact PI Supplied Instrument Name: PI Supplied Instrument Description:DIC and TA in discrete samples were measured according to Dickson et al. (2007) using the Apollo SciTech Model AS-C6L Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Analyzer and the Apollo SciTech Model AS-ALK3 Total Alkalinity Titrator.  Instrument Name: Apollo SciTech AS-C6L Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) analyzer Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: An instrument designed for the analysis of dissolved inorganic carbon in samples from various aquatic environments. It comprises of a laser-based CO2 detector (LI-7815), a digital syringe pump, a mass flow controller, CO2 stripping reactor, an electronic cooling system and a computer communication assembly (RS-485, USB). The AS-C6L supersedes the earlier AS-C3 model, which used non-dispersive infra-red CO2 detection (LI-7000, discontinued). The AS-C6L improves on the AS-C3 by incorporating a multi-sampler of one set of standards plus 8 samples, and uses improved Apollo SciTech software. The AS-C6L is suitable for use in either shipboard or land-based laboratories. It maintains a precision of +/-0.1 % for seawater (or +/-2 umol/kg), enables sample volumes ranging from 0.5 - 3.5 ml per analysis, and an analytical rate of approximately 3 minutes. PI Supplied Instrument Name: PI Supplied Instrument Description:DIC and TA in discrete samples were measured according to Dickson et al. (2007) using the Apollo SciTech Model AS-C6L Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Analyzer and the Apollo SciTech Model AS-ALK3 Total Alkalinity Titrator. Instrument Name: Apollo SciTech Model AS-ALK3 total alkalinity titrator Instrument Short Name:AS-ALK3 Instrument Description: An automated acid-base titrator for use in aquatic carbon dioxide parameter analysis. The titrator provides standardisation and sample analysis, using the Gran titration procedure for alkalinity determination of seawater and brackish waters. It is designed for both shipboard and land based laboratory use. The precision of the instrument is 0.1 percent or higher, and sample volumes may range from 10-25 ml. Titraton takes approximately 8 minutes per sample, and the repeatability is within plus or minus 1-2 micromoles per kg. Seabird Hydrocat-EP CTD sensors (model number# HC-EP.1011S) Seabird Hydrocat-EP CTD sensors (model number# HC-EP.1011S) PI Supplied Instrument Name: Seabird Hydrocat-EP CTD sensors (model number# HC-EP.1011S) PI Supplied Instrument Description:Temperature and salinity in the discrete carbonate data were measured with the Seabird instruments (analogous sites in the autonomous dataset).  Seabird Hydrocat-EP CTD sensors (model number# HC-EP.1011S), equipped with a Seabird Hydrocat-EP pH Module (model#802532). Hydrocat-EPs collected multiple parameters, including temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen.  Instrument Name: CTD Sea-Bird Instrument Short Name:CTD Sea-Bird Instrument Description: A Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (CTD) sensor package from SeaBird Electronics. This instrument designation is used when specific make and model are not known or when a more specific term is not available in the BCO-DMO vocabulary. Refer to the dataset-specific metadata for more information about the specific CTD used. More information from: http://www.seabird.com/ Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/130/ Seabird Hydrocat-EP pH Module (model#802532) Seabird Hydrocat-EP pH Module (model#802532) PI Supplied Instrument Name: Seabird Hydrocat-EP pH Module (model#802532) PI Supplied Instrument Description:Temperature and salinity in the discrete carbonate data were measured with the Seabird instruments (analogous sites in the autonomous dataset).  Seabird Hydrocat-EP CTD sensors (model number# HC-EP.1011S), equipped with a Seabird Hydrocat-EP pH Module (model#802532). Hydrocat-EPs collected multiple parameters including temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen.  Instrument Name: Water Quality Multiprobe Instrument Short Name:Water Quality Multiprobe Instrument Description: An instrument which measures multiple water quality parameters based on the sensor configuration.