http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/962821
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2025-05-29
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Sediment trap metal fluxes from Hawaii Ocean Timeseries (HOT) R/V Kilo Moana cruises at station ALOHA, North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, from December 2020 to November 2023
2025-05-29
publication
2025-05-29
revision
Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)
2025-06-24
publication
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.962821.1
Nicholas James Hawco
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Hawco, N. J., Bates, E. S. (2025) Sediment trap metal fluxes from Hawaii Ocean Timeseries (HOT) R/V Kilo Moana cruises at station ALOHA, North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, from December 2020 to November 2023. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2025-05-29 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.962821.1 [access date]
Methods and Sampling: <p><strong>Sample Collection</strong></p>
<p>Samples were collected on 21 Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) cruises, onboard the R/V&nbsp;<em>Kilo Moana&nbsp;</em>throughout 2020-2023. All&nbsp;samples were collected at Station ALOHA (22.45°N, 158.0°W) following trace metal clean procedures.</p>
<p>Before each cruise,&nbsp;particle interceptor traps (PITs)&nbsp;were acid-cleaned by soaking in Citranox overnight followed by a 10% HCl soak for seven days, followed by several rinses with high purity (18.2 mega-ohm-cm) water. A&nbsp;brine was made by partially freezing trace-metal-clean seawater over multiple cycles until a 100 ppt salinity was achieved. Prior to deployment at sea, the traps were filled with approx. 1.8 L of trace metal clean brine and topped with approx. 0.8 L of trace-metal-clean seawater.&nbsp;</p>
<p>During deployment, PITs were attached to a surface-tethered array at a depth of 150 m and deployed over approximately 2.5 days.&nbsp;Three replicate traps and one capped control trap were deployed.&nbsp;The trace-metal PITs were deployed 1-2 m above the standard 'cross' used for collection of sinking particles by the HOT program.&nbsp;</p>
<p>Upon recovery, traps were processed in a trace-metal-clean 'van' laboratory onboard. The samples were vacuum-filtered through 1 mm x 1mm screening mesh onto acid-cleaned 47 mm 0.2 mm Supor filters. The filters were folded and stored in acid-cleaned centrifuge tubes prior to analysis. 1 L of filtrate from each sediment trap was also collected to assess potential solubilization of sinking particulate metals.</p>
<p><strong>Sample Processing and Measurement</strong></p>
<p>In the lab, filters underwent a two-stage digestion to isolate 'labile' and 'recalcitrant' metal fractions. The 'labile' digestion followed the procedure outlined by&nbsp;Berger et al. (2008). Filters were submerged in 2 mL of a&nbsp;25% acetic acid, 0.02 M hydroxylamine hydrochloride solution, with 10 ppb Indium added as an internal standard and recovery tracer. The filter and solution were heated in a water bath at 95C for 10 min, and allowed to return to room temperature. After a total contact time of 2 hrs, the filters were removed and the leachate was transferred to&nbsp;acid-cleaned PFA digestion vials (Savillex). To improve recovery, the filter was then rinsed with a few mL of high-purity (18.2 M-ohm cm-1) water, which was then added back to the leachate. 100 uL of concentrated nitric acid was added to the leachate, which was then dried overnight at 110C. The sample was redissolved in 0.1 M HNO<sub>3</sub>&nbsp;for ICP-MS analysis.</p>
<p>Following the 'labile' digestion, the filter was then subject to a total extraction following the procedures used by&nbsp;Planquette &amp; Sherrell (2012).&nbsp;5 mL of a digest solution containing 8 M HNO<sub>3</sub>, 2.9 M HF, and 10 ppb Y (also applied as an internal standard and recovery tracer) was added to the filters in a 20 mL PFA vial (Savillex), which was heated for 4 hours at 110°C. The filters were then removed and the sample was evaporated to dryness. 100 ul of concentrated nitric acid was added and the sample was dried again before being redissolved in 5 mL 0.1 M HNO<sub>3</sub>. 'Labile' metal samples were diluted 100-fold and 'recalcitrant' metals were diluted 10-fold&nbsp;in&nbsp;0.1 M HNO<sub>3&nbsp;</sub>prior to analysis.</p>
<p>Particulate trace metals collected on the filter corresponding to the 'control' trap were used to determine process blanks. Several blank filter and reagent blank analyses (containing no filter) were also analyzed to estimate the metal contributions of the filters and reagents.</p>
<p>Digested samples were analyzed using a Thermo Scientific iCAP TQ ICP-MS at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa.&nbsp;All elements were analyzed in triple-quadrupole mode with oxygen as the reactive gas (TQ-O2).&nbsp;A multi-element standard (Inorganic Ventures) was run multiple times throughout a run to monitor changes in instrument sensitivity over the course of a run.&nbsp;</p>
<p>Accuracy of particulate metals from the digestion protocol was assessed by digestion and measurement of certified reference materials BCR-414, PACS-3. Average recoveries for these standards ranged from 85-92% for Al, 80% for Ti, 79-93% for Mn, 83-93% for Fe, 70-80% for Zn, 122-139% for Cd, 97-113% for Ni, 79-84% for Cu, and 89-98% for Co.</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-2022969 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=2022969
completed
Nicholas James Hawco
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
1000 Pope Road
Honolulu
HI
96822-2234
USA
hawco@hawaii.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
Cruise
Time_deployment
Time_recovery
Time_deployment_UTC
Time_recovery_UTC
Depth
Longitude
Latitude
Replicate
Flux_Al_labile
Flux_Al_labile_qc
Flux_Ti_labile
Flux_Ti_labile_qc
Flux_Mn_labile
Flux_Mn_labile_qc
Flux_Fe_labile
Flux_Fe_labile_qc
Flux_Co_labile
Flux_Co_labile_qc
Flux_Ni_labile
Flux_Ni_labile_qc
Flux_Cu_labile
Flux_Cu_labile_qc
Flux_Zn_labile
Flux_Zn_labile_qc
Flux_Cd_labile
Flux_Cd_labile_qc
Flux_Pb_labile
Flux_Pb_labile_qc
Flux_Al_recal
Flux_Al_recal_qc
Flux_Ti_recal
Flux_Ti_recal_qc
Flux_Mn_recal
Flux_Mn_recal_qc
Flux_Fe_recal
Flux_Fe_recal_qc
Flux_Co_recal
Flux_Co_recal_qc
Flux_Ni_recal
Flux_Ni_recal_qc
Flux_Cu_recal
Flux_Cu_recal_qc
Flux_Zn_recal
Flux_Zn_recal_qc
Flux_Cd_recal
Flux_Cd_recal_qc
Flux_Pb_recal
Flux_Pb_recal_qc
theme
None, User defined
Cruise identfier
ISO_DateTime_Local
ISO_DateTime_UTC
depth
longitude
latitude
replicate
flux
quality flag
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
Thermo Fisher Scientific iCAP TQ inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
HOT_cruises
service
Deployment Activity
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
Ocean Time-series Sites
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/program/562656
Ocean Time-series Sites
Program description text taken from Chapter 1: Introduction from the Global Intercomparability in a Changing Ocean: An International Time-Series Methods Workshop report published following the workshop held November 28-30, 2012 at the Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences. The full report is available from the workshop Web site hosted by US OCB: http://www.whoi.edu/website/TS-workshop/home
Decades of research have demonstrated that the ocean varies across a range of time scales, with anthropogenic forcing contributing an added layer of complexity. In a growing effort to distinguish between natural and human-induced earth system variability, sustained ocean time-series measurements have taken on a renewed importance. Shipboard biogeochemical time-series represent one of the most valuable tools scientists have to characterize and quantify ocean carbon fluxes and biogeochemical processes and their links to changing climate (Karl, 2010; Chavez et al., 2011; Church et al., 2013). They provide the oceanographic community with the long, temporally resolved datasets needed to characterize ocean climate, biogeochemistry, and ecosystem change.
The temporal scale of shifts in marine ecosystem variations in response to climate change are on the order of several decades. The long-term, consistent and comprehensive monitoring programs conducted by time-series sites are essential to understand large-scale atmosphere-ocean interactions that occur on interannual to decadal time scales. Ocean time-series represent one of the most valuable tools scientists have to characterize and quantify ocean carbon fluxes and biogeochemical processes and their links to changing climate.
Launched in the late 1980s, the US JGOFS (Joint Global Ocean Flux Study; http://usjgofs.whoi.edu) research program initiated two time-series measurement programs at Hawaii and Bermuda (HOT and BATS, respectively) to measure key oceanographic measurements in oligotrophic waters. Begun in 1995 as part of the US JGOFS Synthesis and Modeling Project, the CARIACO Ocean Time-Series (formerly known as the CArbon Retention In A Colored Ocean) Program has studied the relationship between surface primary production, physical forcing variables like the wind, and the settling flux of particulate carbon in the Cariaco Basin.
The objective of these time-series effort is to provide well-sampled seasonal resolution of biogeochemical variability at a limited number of ocean observatories, provide support and background measurements for process-oriented research, as well as test and validate observations for biogeochemical models. Since their creation, the BATS, CARIACO and HOT time-series site data have been available for use by a large community of researchers.
Data from those three US funded, ship-based, time-series sites can be accessed at each site directly or by selecting the site name from the Projects section below.
Ocean Time-series
largerWorkCitation
program
Quantifying Iron Turnover in the Upper Ocean via Time-series Measurements at Station ALOHA
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/931800
Quantifying Iron Turnover in the Upper Ocean via Time-series Measurements at Station ALOHA
<p><em>NSF Award Abstract:</em><br />
Phytoplankton are the base of marine food webs but their ability to grow in the open ocean by photosynthesis is limited by the scarcity of key nutrients especially iron. To understand how phytoplankton respond to global environmental changes, it is essential to predict how the nutrient content of seawater will change as well. Iron is essential to the light-harvesting machinery of phytoplankton but is an extremely small fraction of seawater (1 part per billion). Iron is much more abundant in soils and when dust storms blow these soils out to sea, the iron content of seawater increases. It is unknown how long the effects of these iron supply events last, which depends on how well the marine ecosystem can recover and reuse iron before it sinks to the seafloor. It is also unknown if human activities have added to the natural Fe supply. The proposed research will address these questions by conducting a 3 year time-series of iron measurements in the North Pacific Ocean. Here, dust supply from Asia occurs mainly during spring, allowing the loss of iron over the summer and fall months to be documented. Unique chemical signatures will be used to distinguish iron supply from the deposition of desert dust or from human sources. This record of the marine iron cycle will be important for validating ecosystem models that are used to predict how climate change will influence the growth of phytoplankton in the future. The research would make a scientific contribution to the Hawaii Ocean Time-Series, help improve biogeochemical iron models, student training at the graduate and undergraduate level, and support an early career scientist.</p>
<p>A 3 year time-series of iron (Fe) measurements is proposed to constrain the magnitude of external Fe input and Fe recycling in the open ocean. Near-monthly observations will be conducted in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre onboard Hawaii Ocean Timeseries cruises, which receives regular dust input during springtime and is minimally influenced by deep mixing. Water column profiling of dissolved and particulate Fe concentrations – combined with the flux of Fe recorded in trace-metal-clean sediment traps – will define a residence time of Fe in the upper water column. Iron uptake rates will be quantified through short-term incubations using a novel stable isotope technique and will be used to derive a turnover time with respect to biological uptake. Finally, the isotopic composition of dissolved and particulate Fe in the mixed layer will be measured to evaluate the potential importance of anthropogenic and Hawaiian Fe sources, which are poorly constrained. Together, these measurements will define the tempo and variability of the open ocean Fe cycle and provide a means to validate models that simulate the biogeochemistry of this key micronutrient.</p>
<p>This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.</p>
<p>See more information about the Hawaii Ocean Time Series (HOT) on the related project page: <a href="https://www.bco-dmo.org/project/2101" target="_blank">https://www.bco-dmo.org/project/2101</a> </p>
HOT Trace Metals
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
-158
-158
22.75
22.75
2020-12-18
2023-11-08
North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Sediment trap metal fluxes from Hawaii Ocean Timeseries (HOT) R/V Kilo Moana cruises at station ALOHA, North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, from December 2020 to November 2023
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/962998.rdf
Name: Cruise
Units: unitless
Description: <p>HOT cruise number</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/962999.rdf
Name: Time_deployment
Units: unitless
Description: <p>DateTime the array was deployed in local HST timezone</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/963000.rdf
Name: Time_recovery
Units: unitless
Description: <p>DateTime the array was recovered in local HST timezone</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/963001.rdf
Name: Time_deployment_UTC
Units: unitless
Description: <p>DateTime with timezone the array was deployed in UTC timezone</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/963002.rdf
Name: Time_recovery_UTC
Units: unitless
Description: <p>DateTime with timezone the array was recovered in UTC timezone</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/963003.rdf
Name: Depth
Units: meters (m)
Description: <p>Depth at which sediment traps were deployed.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/963005.rdf
Name: Longitude
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Longitude</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/963004.rdf
Name: Latitude
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Latitude</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/963006.rdf
Name: Replicate
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Sediment trap ID letter</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/963007.rdf
Name: Flux_Al_labile
Units: micromoles per square meter per day (umol/m2/day)
Description: <p>Flux of labile Aluminum</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/963008.rdf
Name: Flux_Al_labile_qc
Units: unitless
Description: <p>data flag for labile aluminum flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/963009.rdf
Name: Flux_Ti_labile
Units: micromoles per square meter per day (umol/m2/day)
Description: <p>Flux of labile Titanium</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/963010.rdf
Name: Flux_Ti_labile_qc
Units: unitless
Description: <p>data flag for labile titanium flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/963011.rdf
Name: Flux_Mn_labile
Units: micromoles per square meter per day (umol/m2/day)
Description: <p>Flux of labile Manganese</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/963012.rdf
Name: Flux_Mn_labile_qc
Units: unitless
Description: <p>data flag for labile manganese flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/963013.rdf
Name: Flux_Fe_labile
Units: micromoles per square meter per day (umol/m2/day)
Description: <p>Flux of labile Iron</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/963014.rdf
Name: Flux_Fe_labile_qc
Units: unitless
Description: <p>data flag for labile iron flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/963015.rdf
Name: Flux_Co_labile
Units: micromoles per square meter per day (umol/m2/day)
Description: <p>Flux of labile Cobalt</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/963016.rdf
Name: Flux_Co_labile_qc
Units: unitless
Description: <p>data flag for labile cobalt flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/963017.rdf
Name: Flux_Ni_labile
Units: micromoles per square meter per day (umol/m2/day)
Description: <p>Flux of labile Nickel</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/963018.rdf
Name: Flux_Ni_labile_qc
Units: unitless
Description: <p>data flag for labile nickel flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/963019.rdf
Name: Flux_Cu_labile
Units: micromoles per square meter per day (umol/m2/day)
Description: <p>Flux of labile Copper</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/963020.rdf
Name: Flux_Cu_labile_qc
Units: unitless
Description: <p>data flag for labile copper flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/963021.rdf
Name: Flux_Zn_labile
Units: micromoles per square meter per day (umol/m2/day)
Description: <p>Flux of labile Zinc</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/963022.rdf
Name: Flux_Zn_labile_qc
Units: unitless
Description: <p>data flag for labile Zinc flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/963023.rdf
Name: Flux_Cd_labile
Units: micromoles per square meter per day (umol/m2/day)
Description: <p>Flux of labile Cadmium</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/963024.rdf
Name: Flux_Cd_labile_qc
Units: unitless
Description: <p>data flag for labile Cadmium flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/963025.rdf
Name: Flux_Pb_labile
Units: micromoles per square meter per day (umol/m2/day)
Description: <p>Flux of labile Lead</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/963026.rdf
Name: Flux_Pb_labile_qc
Units: unitless
Description: <p>data flag for labile Lead flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/963027.rdf
Name: Flux_Al_recal
Units: micromoles per square meter per day (umol/m2/day)
Description: <p>Recalcitrant Aluminum flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/963028.rdf
Name: Flux_Al_recal_qc
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Data flag for recalcitrant Aluminum flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/963029.rdf
Name: Flux_Ti_recal
Units: micromoles per square meter per day (umol/m2/day)
Description: <p>Recalcitrant Titanium flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/963030.rdf
Name: Flux_Ti_recal_qc
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Data flag for recalcitrant Titanium flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/963031.rdf
Name: Flux_Mn_recal
Units: micromoles per square meter per day (umol/m2/day)
Description: <p>Recalcitrant Manganese flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/963032.rdf
Name: Flux_Mn_recal_qc
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Data flag for recalcitrant Manganese flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/963033.rdf
Name: Flux_Fe_recal
Units: micromoles per square meter per day (umol/m2/day)
Description: <p>Recalcitrant Iron flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/963034.rdf
Name: Flux_Fe_recal_qc
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Data flag for recalcitrant Iron flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/963035.rdf
Name: Flux_Co_recal
Units: micromoles per square meter per day (umol/m2/day)
Description: <p>Recalcitrant Cobalt flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/963036.rdf
Name: Flux_Co_recal_qc
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Data flag for recalcitrant Cobalt flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/963037.rdf
Name: Flux_Ni_recal
Units: micromoles per square meter per day (umol/m2/day)
Description: <p>Recalcitrant Nickel flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/963038.rdf
Name: Flux_Ni_recal_qc
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Data flag for recalcitrant Nickel flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/963039.rdf
Name: Flux_Cu_recal
Units: micromoles per square meter per day (umol/m2/day)
Description: <p>Recalcitrant Copper flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/963040.rdf
Name: Flux_Cu_recal_qc
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Data flag for recalcitrant Copper flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/963041.rdf
Name: Flux_Zn_recal
Units: micromoles per square meter per day (umol/m2/day)
Description: <p>Recalcitrant Zinc flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/963042.rdf
Name: Flux_Zn_recal_qc
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Data flag for recalcitrant Zinc flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/963043.rdf
Name: Flux_Cd_recal
Units: micromoles per square meter per day (umol/m2/day)
Description: <p>Recalcitrant Cadmium flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/963044.rdf
Name: Flux_Cd_recal_qc
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Data flag for recalcitrant Cadmium flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/963045.rdf
Name: Flux_Pb_recal
Units: micromoles per square meter per day (umol/m2/day)
Description: <p>Recalcitrant Lead flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/963046.rdf
Name: Flux_Pb_recal_qc
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Data flag for recalcitrant Lead flux</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
17084
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/d95d26a3-90df-45bf-b44c-67472e38652e/content
download
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.962821.1
download
onLine
dataset
<p><strong>Sample Collection</strong></p>
<p>Samples were collected on 21 Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) cruises, onboard the R/V&nbsp;<em>Kilo Moana&nbsp;</em>throughout 2020-2023. All&nbsp;samples were collected at Station ALOHA (22.45°N, 158.0°W) following trace metal clean procedures.</p>
<p>Before each cruise,&nbsp;particle interceptor traps (PITs)&nbsp;were acid-cleaned by soaking in Citranox overnight followed by a 10% HCl soak for seven days, followed by several rinses with high purity (18.2 mega-ohm-cm) water. A&nbsp;brine was made by partially freezing trace-metal-clean seawater over multiple cycles until a 100 ppt salinity was achieved. Prior to deployment at sea, the traps were filled with approx. 1.8 L of trace metal clean brine and topped with approx. 0.8 L of trace-metal-clean seawater.&nbsp;</p>
<p>During deployment, PITs were attached to a surface-tethered array at a depth of 150 m and deployed over approximately 2.5 days.&nbsp;Three replicate traps and one capped control trap were deployed.&nbsp;The trace-metal PITs were deployed 1-2 m above the standard 'cross' used for collection of sinking particles by the HOT program.&nbsp;</p>
<p>Upon recovery, traps were processed in a trace-metal-clean 'van' laboratory onboard. The samples were vacuum-filtered through 1 mm x 1mm screening mesh onto acid-cleaned 47 mm 0.2 mm Supor filters. The filters were folded and stored in acid-cleaned centrifuge tubes prior to analysis. 1 L of filtrate from each sediment trap was also collected to assess potential solubilization of sinking particulate metals.</p>
<p><strong>Sample Processing and Measurement</strong></p>
<p>In the lab, filters underwent a two-stage digestion to isolate 'labile' and 'recalcitrant' metal fractions. The 'labile' digestion followed the procedure outlined by&nbsp;Berger et al. (2008). Filters were submerged in 2 mL of a&nbsp;25% acetic acid, 0.02 M hydroxylamine hydrochloride solution, with 10 ppb Indium added as an internal standard and recovery tracer. The filter and solution were heated in a water bath at 95C for 10 min, and allowed to return to room temperature. After a total contact time of 2 hrs, the filters were removed and the leachate was transferred to&nbsp;acid-cleaned PFA digestion vials (Savillex). To improve recovery, the filter was then rinsed with a few mL of high-purity (18.2 M-ohm cm-1) water, which was then added back to the leachate. 100 uL of concentrated nitric acid was added to the leachate, which was then dried overnight at 110C. The sample was redissolved in 0.1 M HNO<sub>3</sub>&nbsp;for ICP-MS analysis.</p>
<p>Following the 'labile' digestion, the filter was then subject to a total extraction following the procedures used by&nbsp;Planquette &amp; Sherrell (2012).&nbsp;5 mL of a digest solution containing 8 M HNO<sub>3</sub>, 2.9 M HF, and 10 ppb Y (also applied as an internal standard and recovery tracer) was added to the filters in a 20 mL PFA vial (Savillex), which was heated for 4 hours at 110°C. The filters were then removed and the sample was evaporated to dryness. 100 ul of concentrated nitric acid was added and the sample was dried again before being redissolved in 5 mL 0.1 M HNO<sub>3</sub>. 'Labile' metal samples were diluted 100-fold and 'recalcitrant' metals were diluted 10-fold&nbsp;in&nbsp;0.1 M HNO<sub>3&nbsp;</sub>prior to analysis.</p>
<p>Particulate trace metals collected on the filter corresponding to the 'control' trap were used to determine process blanks. Several blank filter and reagent blank analyses (containing no filter) were also analyzed to estimate the metal contributions of the filters and reagents.</p>
<p>Digested samples were analyzed using a Thermo Scientific iCAP TQ ICP-MS at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa.&nbsp;All elements were analyzed in triple-quadrupole mode with oxygen as the reactive gas (TQ-O2).&nbsp;A multi-element standard (Inorganic Ventures) was run multiple times throughout a run to monitor changes in instrument sensitivity over the course of a run.&nbsp;</p>
<p>Accuracy of particulate metals from the digestion protocol was assessed by digestion and measurement of certified reference materials BCR-414, PACS-3. Average recoveries for these standards ranged from 85-92% for Al, 80% for Ti, 79-93% for Mn, 83-93% for Fe, 70-80% for Zn, 122-139% for Cd, 97-113% for Ni, 79-84% for Cu, and 89-98% for Co.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p>Prior to calibration, ion intensities derived from the ICP-MS were corrected for matrix suppression and/or sample loss by 115-In ('labile' digestions) and 89-Y ('recalcitrant' digestions). Detection of 115-In in the recalcitrant digestions was used to infer and quantify any carry-over of 'labile' metals into the 'recalcitrant' digest, which were subtracted from the recalcitrant total. The median values of metal contents from digestions of 'control' trap filters across the time-series were subtracted from measured abundances, and the subsequent quantity in moles was then re-scaled to a flux, in mol m-2 day-1, using the area of the PIT trap opening (0.0039 m2) and the duration of the deployment (ranged 1.6-3.3 days).</p>
<p>Samples with concentrations lower than the filter blanks were corrected to 0. Samples from replicate traps were tested for outliers using the Grubbs' test (Grubbs 1950), where Z = | mean - value | / standard deviation. Replicates with a Z score &gt; or = 1.15 (p &lt; 0.05) were marked as outliers.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
* Sheet 1 of submitted file "HOTsedtrapsTM_QCflags.xlsx" was imported into the BCO-DMO data system for this dataset. Table will appear as Data File: 962821_v1_hot-sedtrap-fluxes.csv (along with other download format options).
* Data within sheet 2 "Flag Key" appeared redundant with already entered metadata so was not added (see Problems/Issues section for quality flag info)
* ISO DateTime with timezone (UTC) column added in ISO 8601 format for deployment and recovery.
* Latitude and Longitude columns added with provided coordinates in metadata. Added for consistency with other datasets in project and geospatial-ready capability.
* After discussion with the data submitter, Cruise ID changed to HOT-### to match the project convention
Specified by BCO-DMO Data Managers
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Instrument Name: Thermo Fisher Scientific iCAP TQ inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer Instrument Short Name:iCAP TQ ICP-MS Instrument Description: A benchtop triple quadrupole (TQ) inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) with a four channel peristaltic pump, three plasma gas flow controllers, and four QCell mass flow controllers. The iCAP TQ utilises triple quadrupole technology which allows the analyte signal to be isolated from interferences, enabling the analysis of complex or high-matrix samples. The high frequency (4 MHz) quadrupole mass analyser has pre and post filters for isolation of wanted ions. The instrument features Peltier cooled high purity quartz or perfluoroalkoxy alkane (PFA), and low volume, baffled cyclonic or double pass spray chambers to efficiently filter out larger aerosol droplets for improved plasma stability. A reaction finder method development assistant aids easy method development. The plasma system is designed to rapidly adapt to changing matrices and provide robustness for challenging samples such as highly volatile organic solvents. The argon ICP ion source has a digital, solid state radiofrequency generator, and dynamic frequency impedance matching the plasma at 27 MHz. The iCAP TQ has applications in trace element analysis of solid or liquid (particularly sediment or sea water) samples. It has a nebuliser default flow rate of 400 uL/min.
Cruise: HOT_cruises
HOT_cruises
Multiple Vessels
vessel
HOT_cruises
Angelicque E. White
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/
Report describing HOT_cruises
Multiple Vessels
vessel