http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/962986
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2025-05-29
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Water column dissolved and total dissolvable metal concentrations from Hawaii Ocean Timeseries (HOT) R/V Kilo Moana cruises at station ALOHA, North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, from December 2020 to November 2023
2025-08-29
publication
2025-08-29
revision
Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)
2025-06-24
publication
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.962986.1
Nicholas James Hawco
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Hawco, N. J., Bates, E. S. (2025) Water column dissolved and total dissolvable metal concentrations from Hawaii Ocean Timeseries (HOT) R/V Kilo Moana cruises at station ALOHA, North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, from December 2020 to November 2023. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 2) Version Date 2025-08-29 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.962986.2 [access date]
Methods and Sampling: <p><strong>Sample Collection</strong></p>
<p>Samples were collected on 21 Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) cruises, onboard the R/V <em>Kilo Moana </em>throughout 2020-2023. All&nbsp;samples were collected at Station ALOHA (22.45°N, 158.0°W) following trace metal clean procedures.</p>
<p>For all cruises except for&nbsp;October and December 2021, trace metal clean profile samples were collected using a powder-coated aluminum 12-place 'trace metal' rosette (Seabird) with 8 L external spring sampling bottles (Ocean Test Equipment), deployed using metal-free line (Amsteel). For the&nbsp;October and December 2021 cruises,&nbsp;samples were collected with C-Free bottles (Ocean Test Equipment) that were attached directly to the metal-free line and triggered with Teflon-coated messengers. Prior to sampling, sampling bottles were subjected to a ca. 18 hr soak in seawater collected at a test station near Oahu.</p>
<p>Upon recovery, sampling bottles were taken to a positive-pressure clean van onboard. Dissolved trace metal sample samples were filtered through 0.2 um Acropak filters into acid-cleaned 1 L LDPE bottles. Total dissolvable samples were collected unfiltered into acid-cleaned 1 L LDPE bottles. Samples were double-bagged and transported to the lab at the end of the cruise. Prior to each cruise, 1 L LDPE bottles were soaked in Citranox for one day, soaked in 10% HCl for 7 days, and rinsed multiple times with 18.2 M-Ohm Milli-Q water (Millipore).</p>
<p><strong>Sample Processing and Measurement</strong></p>
<p>Samples were processed via batch extraction following Conway et al. (2013) and measured by isotope dilution using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Briefly, samples were acidified to pH 1.8 using Optima grade HCl and left to equilibrate for a minimum of 2 months. Most samples were acidified for &gt;6 months before processing.</p>
<p>500 uL of a stable isotope spike (containing <sup>47</sup>Ti, <sup>57</sup>Fe, <sup>58</sup>Fe, <sup>61</sup>Ni, <sup>62</sup>Ni, <sup>65</sup>Cu, <sup>64</sup>Zn, <sup>67</sup>Zn, <sup>110</sup>Cd, <sup>111</sup>Cd, and <sup>207</sup>Pb) was added to the samples and allowed to equilibrate at least overnight (up to 1 week). Sample pH was adjusted to a pH of 6 using an ammonium hydroxide acetic acid buffer. Nobias PA-1 resin (stored in 1M HNO<sub>3</sub>) was rinsed in water and added to the sample, which was then shaken for at least 3 hours or overnight. Resin beads were collected on a 5 um polycarbonate filter, rinsed with water and transferred to a disposable low-pressure chromatography column (Bio-rad, stored in 1M HNO<sub>3</sub>). Extracted metals were eluted from the resin using 10 mL 1M HNO<sub>3</sub> with a 10 ppb In internal standard added. The same process was repeated regularly with 1 L Milli-Q water as a processing blank.</p>
<p>Samples were measured using iCAP-TQ ICPMS (Thermo Scientific) with In used as an internal standard. For Ti, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb, concentrations in the resin eluent were calculated using isotope-dilution equations, then converted to sample concentrations using the mass of each sample. For other elements (Mn, Co), concentration was calculated based on comparison to a 10 ppb multi-element standard (Inorganic Ventures), assuming analogous recovery to Fe and Ni (calculated from isotope dilution equations). The samples were largely processed and measured as two sets. The medians of 72 Milli-Q blanks for set 1 (70 pM Fe, 54 pM Zn, 36 pM Ni, 13 pM Cu, 1.4 pM Pb, 1.1 pM Cd, 11 pM Mn, 2.2 pM Ti) and 44 Milli-Q blanks for set 2 (125 pM Fe, 41 pM Zn, 34 pM Ni, 26 pM Cu, 1.3 pM Pb, 1.0 pM Cd, 6 pM Mn, 14 pM Ti) were subtracted from each sample in the corresponding set.</p>
<p>Accuracy of dissolved metal samples was assessed by measurement of GEOTRACES community consensus standards GSC (n = 3) and GDI (n = 4), which is similar to the GD standard. &nbsp;For both standards, agreement with reported values was found for Fe, Cd, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb. Concentrations for Ti were not available on the GEOTRACES website.</p>
<p>We observed variable recovery on Mn in both standards, likely due to the known pH sensitivity of Mn binding to the Nobias PA-1 resin. As a result, we subjected Mn measurements to additional scrutiny during quality control.</p>
<p>Samples were not UV-oxidized, which is essential for complete determination of dissolved Co concentration. As a result, data are reported as labile dissolved Co and total dissolvable labile Co.</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-2022969 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=2022969
completed
Nicholas James Hawco
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
1000 Pope Road
Honolulu
HI
96822-2234
USA
hawco@hawaii.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 2
Unknown
Cruise
Time
Time_UTC
Longitude
Latitude
Depth
dTi
dTi_qc
dMn
dMn_qc
dCo
dCo_qc
dFe
dFe_qc
dZn
dZn_qc
dCd
dCd_qc
dNi
dNi_qc
dCu
dCu_qc
dPb
dPb_qc
tdTi
tdTi_qc
tdMn
tdMn_qc
tdCo
tdCo_qc
tdFe
tdFe_qc
tdZn
tdZn_qc
tdCd
tdCd_qc
tdNi
tdNi_qc
tdCu
tdCu_qc
tdPb
tdPb_qc
Seabird SBE9plus CTD system with SBE32C
theme
None, User defined
Cruise identfier
ISO_DateTime_Local
ISO_DateTime_UTC
longitude
latitude
depth
trace metal concentration
quality flag
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
CTD Sea-Bird
Thermo Fisher Scientific iCAP TQ inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
HOT_cruises
service
Deployment Activity
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
Ocean Time-series Sites
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/program/562656
Ocean Time-series Sites
Program description text taken from Chapter 1: Introduction from the Global Intercomparability in a Changing Ocean: An International Time-Series Methods Workshop report published following the workshop held November 28-30, 2012 at the Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences. The full report is available from the workshop Web site hosted by US OCB: http://www.whoi.edu/website/TS-workshop/home
Decades of research have demonstrated that the ocean varies across a range of time scales, with anthropogenic forcing contributing an added layer of complexity. In a growing effort to distinguish between natural and human-induced earth system variability, sustained ocean time-series measurements have taken on a renewed importance. Shipboard biogeochemical time-series represent one of the most valuable tools scientists have to characterize and quantify ocean carbon fluxes and biogeochemical processes and their links to changing climate (Karl, 2010; Chavez et al., 2011; Church et al., 2013). They provide the oceanographic community with the long, temporally resolved datasets needed to characterize ocean climate, biogeochemistry, and ecosystem change.
The temporal scale of shifts in marine ecosystem variations in response to climate change are on the order of several decades. The long-term, consistent and comprehensive monitoring programs conducted by time-series sites are essential to understand large-scale atmosphere-ocean interactions that occur on interannual to decadal time scales. Ocean time-series represent one of the most valuable tools scientists have to characterize and quantify ocean carbon fluxes and biogeochemical processes and their links to changing climate.
Launched in the late 1980s, the US JGOFS (Joint Global Ocean Flux Study; http://usjgofs.whoi.edu) research program initiated two time-series measurement programs at Hawaii and Bermuda (HOT and BATS, respectively) to measure key oceanographic measurements in oligotrophic waters. Begun in 1995 as part of the US JGOFS Synthesis and Modeling Project, the CARIACO Ocean Time-Series (formerly known as the CArbon Retention In A Colored Ocean) Program has studied the relationship between surface primary production, physical forcing variables like the wind, and the settling flux of particulate carbon in the Cariaco Basin.
The objective of these time-series effort is to provide well-sampled seasonal resolution of biogeochemical variability at a limited number of ocean observatories, provide support and background measurements for process-oriented research, as well as test and validate observations for biogeochemical models. Since their creation, the BATS, CARIACO and HOT time-series site data have been available for use by a large community of researchers.
Data from those three US funded, ship-based, time-series sites can be accessed at each site directly or by selecting the site name from the Projects section below.
Ocean Time-series
largerWorkCitation
program
Quantifying Iron Turnover in the Upper Ocean via Time-series Measurements at Station ALOHA
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/931800
Quantifying Iron Turnover in the Upper Ocean via Time-series Measurements at Station ALOHA
<p><em>NSF Award Abstract:</em><br />
Phytoplankton are the base of marine food webs but their ability to grow in the open ocean by photosynthesis is limited by the scarcity of key nutrients especially iron. To understand how phytoplankton respond to global environmental changes, it is essential to predict how the nutrient content of seawater will change as well. Iron is essential to the light-harvesting machinery of phytoplankton but is an extremely small fraction of seawater (1 part per billion). Iron is much more abundant in soils and when dust storms blow these soils out to sea, the iron content of seawater increases. It is unknown how long the effects of these iron supply events last, which depends on how well the marine ecosystem can recover and reuse iron before it sinks to the seafloor. It is also unknown if human activities have added to the natural Fe supply. The proposed research will address these questions by conducting a 3 year time-series of iron measurements in the North Pacific Ocean. Here, dust supply from Asia occurs mainly during spring, allowing the loss of iron over the summer and fall months to be documented. Unique chemical signatures will be used to distinguish iron supply from the deposition of desert dust or from human sources. This record of the marine iron cycle will be important for validating ecosystem models that are used to predict how climate change will influence the growth of phytoplankton in the future. The research would make a scientific contribution to the Hawaii Ocean Time-Series, help improve biogeochemical iron models, student training at the graduate and undergraduate level, and support an early career scientist.</p>
<p>A 3 year time-series of iron (Fe) measurements is proposed to constrain the magnitude of external Fe input and Fe recycling in the open ocean. Near-monthly observations will be conducted in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre onboard Hawaii Ocean Timeseries cruises, which receives regular dust input during springtime and is minimally influenced by deep mixing. Water column profiling of dissolved and particulate Fe concentrations – combined with the flux of Fe recorded in trace-metal-clean sediment traps – will define a residence time of Fe in the upper water column. Iron uptake rates will be quantified through short-term incubations using a novel stable isotope technique and will be used to derive a turnover time with respect to biological uptake. Finally, the isotopic composition of dissolved and particulate Fe in the mixed layer will be measured to evaluate the potential importance of anthropogenic and Hawaiian Fe sources, which are poorly constrained. Together, these measurements will define the tempo and variability of the open ocean Fe cycle and provide a means to validate models that simulate the biogeochemistry of this key micronutrient.</p>
<p>This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.</p>
<p>See more information about the Hawaii Ocean Time Series (HOT) on the related project page: <a href="https://www.bco-dmo.org/project/2101" target="_blank">https://www.bco-dmo.org/project/2101</a> </p>
HOT Trace Metals
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
-158
-158
22.75
22.75
2020-12-18
2023-11-05
North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Water column dissolved and total dissolvable metal concentrations from Hawaii Ocean Timeseries (HOT) R/V Kilo Moana cruises at station ALOHA, North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, from December 2020 to November 2023
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965429.rdf
Name: Cruise
Units: unitless
Description: <p>HOT Cruise number</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965430.rdf
Name: Time
Units: unitless
Description: <p>DateTime of rosette deployment in local HST timezone</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965431.rdf
Name: Time_UTC
Units: unitless
Description: <p>DateTime with timezone of rosette deployment in (UTC time zone)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965432.rdf
Name: Longitude
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Longitude</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965433.rdf
Name: Latitude
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Latitude</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965434.rdf
Name: Depth
Units: meters (m)
Description: <p>Depth</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965435.rdf
Name: dTi
Units: nanomoles per liter (nmol/L)
Description: <p>Dissolved titanium concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965436.rdf
Name: dTi_qc
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Data flag for dissolved titanium concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965437.rdf
Name: dMn
Units: nanomoles per liter (nmol/L)
Description: <p>Dissolved manganese concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965438.rdf
Name: dMn_qc
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Data flag for dissolved manganese concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965439.rdf
Name: dCo
Units: nanomoles per liter (nmol/L)
Description: <p>Dissolved cobalt concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965440.rdf
Name: dCo_qc
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Data flag for dissolved cobalt concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965441.rdf
Name: dFe
Units: nanomoles per liter (nmol/L)
Description: <p>Dissolved iron concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965442.rdf
Name: dFe_qc
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Data flag for dissolved iron concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965443.rdf
Name: dZn
Units: nanomoles per liter (nmol/L)
Description: <p>Dissolved zinc concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965444.rdf
Name: dZn_qc
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Data flag for dissolved zinc concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965445.rdf
Name: dCd
Units: nanomoles per liter (nmol/L)
Description: <p>Dissolved cadmium concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965446.rdf
Name: dCd_qc
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Data flag for dissolved cadmium concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965447.rdf
Name: dNi
Units: nanomoles per liter (nmol/L)
Description: <p>Dissolved nickel concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965448.rdf
Name: dNi_qc
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Data flag for dissolved nickel concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965449.rdf
Name: dCu
Units: nanomoles per liter (nmol/L)
Description: <p>Dissolved copper concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965450.rdf
Name: dCu_qc
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Data flag for dissolved copper concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965451.rdf
Name: dPb
Units: nanomoles per liter (nmol/L)
Description: <p>Dissolved lead concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965452.rdf
Name: dPb_qc
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Data flag for dissolved lead concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965453.rdf
Name: tdTi
Units: nanomoles per liter (nmol/L)
Description: <p>Total dissolvable titanium concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965454.rdf
Name: tdTi_qc
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Data flag for total dissolvable titanium concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965455.rdf
Name: tdMn
Units: nanomoles per liter (nmol/L)
Description: <p>Total dissolvable manganese concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965456.rdf
Name: tdMn_qc
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Data flag for total dissolvable manganese concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965457.rdf
Name: tdCo
Units: nanomoles per liter (nmol/L)
Description: <p>Total dissolvable cobalt concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965458.rdf
Name: tdCo_qc
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Data flag for total dissolvable cobalt concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965459.rdf
Name: tdFe
Units: nanomoles per liter (nmol/L)
Description: <p>Total dissolvable iron concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965460.rdf
Name: tdFe_qc
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Data flag for total dissolvable iron concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965461.rdf
Name: tdZn
Units: nanomoles per liter (nmol/L)
Description: <p>Total dissolvable zinc concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965462.rdf
Name: tdZn_qc
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Data flag for total dissolvable zinc concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965463.rdf
Name: tdCd
Units: nanomoles per liter (nmol/L)
Description: <p>Total dissolvable cadmium concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965464.rdf
Name: tdCd_qc
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Data flag for total dissolvable cadmium concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965465.rdf
Name: tdNi
Units: nanomoles per liter (nmol/L)
Description: <p>Total dissolvable nickel concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965466.rdf
Name: tdNi_qc
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Data flag for total dissolvable nickel concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965467.rdf
Name: tdCu
Units: nanomoles per liter (nmol/L)
Description: <p>Total dissolvable copper concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965468.rdf
Name: tdCu_qc
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Data flag for total dissolvable copper concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965469.rdf
Name: tdPb
Units: nanomoles per liter (nmol/L)
Description: <p>Total dissolvable lead concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965470.rdf
Name: tdPb_qc
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Data flag for total dissolvable lead concentration</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
52264
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/9e411b89-88ee-41b3-9e04-829b7defe8c3/content
download
54910
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/5d0c5ded-c42f-42c0-8aef-adfd7d413ba2/content
download
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.962986.1
download
onLine
dataset
<p><strong>Sample Collection</strong></p>
<p>Samples were collected on 21 Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) cruises, onboard the R/V <em>Kilo Moana </em>throughout 2020-2023. All&nbsp;samples were collected at Station ALOHA (22.45°N, 158.0°W) following trace metal clean procedures.</p>
<p>For all cruises except for&nbsp;October and December 2021, trace metal clean profile samples were collected using a powder-coated aluminum 12-place 'trace metal' rosette (Seabird) with 8 L external spring sampling bottles (Ocean Test Equipment), deployed using metal-free line (Amsteel). For the&nbsp;October and December 2021 cruises,&nbsp;samples were collected with C-Free bottles (Ocean Test Equipment) that were attached directly to the metal-free line and triggered with Teflon-coated messengers. Prior to sampling, sampling bottles were subjected to a ca. 18 hr soak in seawater collected at a test station near Oahu.</p>
<p>Upon recovery, sampling bottles were taken to a positive-pressure clean van onboard. Dissolved trace metal sample samples were filtered through 0.2 um Acropak filters into acid-cleaned 1 L LDPE bottles. Total dissolvable samples were collected unfiltered into acid-cleaned 1 L LDPE bottles. Samples were double-bagged and transported to the lab at the end of the cruise. Prior to each cruise, 1 L LDPE bottles were soaked in Citranox for one day, soaked in 10% HCl for 7 days, and rinsed multiple times with 18.2 M-Ohm Milli-Q water (Millipore).</p>
<p><strong>Sample Processing and Measurement</strong></p>
<p>Samples were processed via batch extraction following Conway et al. (2013) and measured by isotope dilution using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Briefly, samples were acidified to pH 1.8 using Optima grade HCl and left to equilibrate for a minimum of 2 months. Most samples were acidified for &gt;6 months before processing.</p>
<p>500 uL of a stable isotope spike (containing <sup>47</sup>Ti, <sup>57</sup>Fe, <sup>58</sup>Fe, <sup>61</sup>Ni, <sup>62</sup>Ni, <sup>65</sup>Cu, <sup>64</sup>Zn, <sup>67</sup>Zn, <sup>110</sup>Cd, <sup>111</sup>Cd, and <sup>207</sup>Pb) was added to the samples and allowed to equilibrate at least overnight (up to 1 week). Sample pH was adjusted to a pH of 6 using an ammonium hydroxide acetic acid buffer. Nobias PA-1 resin (stored in 1M HNO<sub>3</sub>) was rinsed in water and added to the sample, which was then shaken for at least 3 hours or overnight. Resin beads were collected on a 5 um polycarbonate filter, rinsed with water and transferred to a disposable low-pressure chromatography column (Bio-rad, stored in 1M HNO<sub>3</sub>). Extracted metals were eluted from the resin using 10 mL 1M HNO<sub>3</sub> with a 10 ppb In internal standard added. The same process was repeated regularly with 1 L Milli-Q water as a processing blank.</p>
<p>Samples were measured using iCAP-TQ ICPMS (Thermo Scientific) with In used as an internal standard. For Ti, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb, concentrations in the resin eluent were calculated using isotope-dilution equations, then converted to sample concentrations using the mass of each sample. For other elements (Mn, Co), concentration was calculated based on comparison to a 10 ppb multi-element standard (Inorganic Ventures), assuming analogous recovery to Fe and Ni (calculated from isotope dilution equations). The samples were largely processed and measured as two sets. The medians of 72 Milli-Q blanks for set 1 (70 pM Fe, 54 pM Zn, 36 pM Ni, 13 pM Cu, 1.4 pM Pb, 1.1 pM Cd, 11 pM Mn, 2.2 pM Ti) and 44 Milli-Q blanks for set 2 (125 pM Fe, 41 pM Zn, 34 pM Ni, 26 pM Cu, 1.3 pM Pb, 1.0 pM Cd, 6 pM Mn, 14 pM Ti) were subtracted from each sample in the corresponding set.</p>
<p>Accuracy of dissolved metal samples was assessed by measurement of GEOTRACES community consensus standards GSC (n = 3) and GDI (n = 4), which is similar to the GD standard. &nbsp;For both standards, agreement with reported values was found for Fe, Cd, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb. Concentrations for Ti were not available on the GEOTRACES website.</p>
<p>We observed variable recovery on Mn in both standards, likely due to the known pH sensitivity of Mn binding to the Nobias PA-1 resin. As a result, we subjected Mn measurements to additional scrutiny during quality control.</p>
<p>Samples were not UV-oxidized, which is essential for complete determination of dissolved Co concentration. As a result, data are reported as labile dissolved Co and total dissolvable labile Co.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p>This study represents the longest high-resolution timeseries of metals in the ocean. To generate a consistent data product across several years of sample collection, we subjected our analyses to a rigorous quality control scheme to flag and remove contaminated samples. We periodically observed higher concentrations in filtered samples, compared to unfiltered samples, which implies release of particulate TMs from within the capsule filter. To objectively identify impacted samples, we flagged all samples where dTM &gt; (tdTM * X), where X for each element is noted below. We also occasionally observed "fliers" for unfiltered samples from clear contamination. To systematically identify impacted samples, we flagged all tdTM samples were the sample was greater than (the profile sample below + Y nM) and greater than (the profile sample above + Y nM), where Y for each element is noted below.</p>
<p>X = 1.2 (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb), 1.3 (Fe, Ti, Co), 1.5 (Mn, Zn)<br />
Y = 0.5 nM (Fe, Zn), 5 pM (Cd), 0.25 nM (Cu, Ni), 0.3 nM (Mn), 2 pM (Co), 0.02 nM (Ti, Pb)</p>
<p>Clear Zn contamination was noted for two cruises, HOT333 and 334, when samples were collected using an alternate sampling regime. Dissolved Ti &nbsp;was not used until HOT333 (tdTi) and 334 (dTi). Data before these cruises is not reported.&nbsp;</p>
<p>We also observed a consistent elevation of dPb and tdPb at 25 m on almost all cruises. This may be related to Pb contamination associated with the research vessel.</p>
<p>For Mn, poor recovery during column chemistry was the primary concern rather than contamination. Thus, for some samples, dMn &gt; tdMn due to poor Mn recovery in the total dissolvable sample. We are expecting to update these fields with additional quality control schemes at a later date.</p>
<p>After the QC scheme was applied, we manually identified a small number of oceanographically inconsistent values, as well as oceanographically consistent values that were rejected by our QC scheme.</p>
<p>The percentage of samples rejected for each elements are as follows:</p>
<p>Fe: 21% of dissolved, 8% of total dissolvable<br />
Cd: 2% of dissolved, 1% of total dissolvable<br />
Cu: &lt;1% of dissolved, 1% of total dissolvable<br />
Mn: 3% of dissolved, 14% of total dissolvable<br />
Zn: 15% of dissolved, 22% of total dissolvable (including the full profiles of HOT333 and 334)<br />
Ni: &lt;1% of dissolved, &lt;1% of total dissolvable<br />
Co: 1% of dissolved, 4% of total dissolvable<br />
Ti: 16% of dissolved, 8% of total dissolvable<br />
Pb: 9% of dissolved, 11% of total dissolvable</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
[v1 drafted version 2025-05-29]
* Sheet 1 of submitted file "HOTdTM_QCflags_nM.xlsx" was imported into the BCO-DMO data system for this dataset. Had appeared as Data File: 962986_v1_hot-watercolumn-dissolved-metals.csv (along with other download format options).
* Data within sheet 2 "Flag Key" appeared redundant with already entered metadata so was not added (see Problems/Issues section for quality flag info)
* ISO DateTime with timezone (UTC) column added in ISO 8601 format.
* Column names adjusted to conform to BCO-DMO naming conventions designed to support broad re-use by a variety of research tools and scripting languages. [Only numbers, letters, and underscores. Can not start with a number]
* After correspondence with the data submitter, metal columns were rounded to three decimal places, except for dCo, dCd, tdCo, and tdCd which was rounded to 5 decimal places.
* After discussion with the data submitter, Cruise ID changed to HOT-### to match the project convention
[Revised v2 2025-08-29]
* Dataset was revised before public release (scheduled for release 2026-06-01).
* Metadata Field "Data Processing" was updated to reflect the changes in this file version which explains the revised strategy for calculations for columns dTi, dTi_qc, tdTi, and tdTi_qc.
* Sheet 1 of submitted file HOTdTM_QCflags_nM_v2Ti.xlsx was exported as csv and imported into the BCO-DMO data system. This data will appear in this dataset as 962986_v2_hot-watercolumn-dissolved-metals.csv (along with other download format options).
* The same processing pipeline was used for the revised data, however, steps to round columns was not performed since the resubmitted file already had rounding to desired precision.
* As before, the previx HOT- was added to cruise ids.
* Column names were not altered from the revised file since the met BCO-DMO naming conventions.
Specified by BCO-DMO Data Managers
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
Seabird SBE9plus CTD system with SBE32C
Seabird SBE9plus CTD system with SBE32C
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Seabird SBE9plus CTD system with SBE32C Instrument Name: CTD Sea-Bird Instrument Short Name:CTD Sea-Bird Instrument Description: A Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (CTD) sensor package from SeaBird Electronics. This instrument designation is used when specific make and model are not known or when a more specific term is not available in the BCO-DMO vocabulary. Refer to the dataset-specific metadata for more information about the specific CTD used. More information from: http://www.seabird.com/ Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/130/
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Instrument Name: Thermo Fisher Scientific iCAP TQ inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer Instrument Short Name:iCAP TQ ICP-MS Instrument Description: A benchtop triple quadrupole (TQ) inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) with a four channel peristaltic pump, three plasma gas flow controllers, and four QCell mass flow controllers. The iCAP TQ utilises triple quadrupole technology which allows the analyte signal to be isolated from interferences, enabling the analysis of complex or high-matrix samples. The high frequency (4 MHz) quadrupole mass analyser has pre and post filters for isolation of wanted ions. The instrument features Peltier cooled high purity quartz or perfluoroalkoxy alkane (PFA), and low volume, baffled cyclonic or double pass spray chambers to efficiently filter out larger aerosol droplets for improved plasma stability. A reaction finder method development assistant aids easy method development. The plasma system is designed to rapidly adapt to changing matrices and provide robustness for challenging samples such as highly volatile organic solvents. The argon ICP ion source has a digital, solid state radiofrequency generator, and dynamic frequency impedance matching the plasma at 27 MHz. The iCAP TQ has applications in trace element analysis of solid or liquid (particularly sediment or sea water) samples. It has a nebuliser default flow rate of 400 uL/min.
Cruise: HOT_cruises
HOT_cruises
Multiple Vessels
vessel
HOT_cruises
Angelicque E. White
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/
Report describing HOT_cruises
Multiple Vessels
vessel