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                <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9158-4296" xlink:title="ORCID" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Tomoko Komada</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Cite this dataset as: Komada, T., Abdulla, H., Burdige, D. J. (2025) Carbon isotope values of porewaterdissolved organic matter (DOM) samples from California margin sediments sampled in 2019 onboard the R/V Oceanus and in 2020 onboard the R/V Sikuliaq. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2025-09-11 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.964215.1 [access date]</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>Porewater DOM isotopic values Dataset Description:  Methods and Sampling: &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Porewater DIC samples were collected as described in Komada et al. (2016) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 176:259-278. Briefly, sediment cores were sectioned within hours of retrieval, then centrifuged, filtered (0.2 micron pore size), and preserved (poisoned then flame sealed under nitrogen gas). Porewater DOC samples were extracted in the same way from SBB sediments, as well as from gravity cores from all remaining stations (CAT, StaD, StaK). However, porewater DOC samples from multicores retrieved from CAT, StaD and StaK were extracted using Rhizon samplers (Seeberg-Elverfeldt et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth., 8:361-371, 2005) to prevent DOC contamination from squashed benthic macrofauna during centrifugation. DOC samples for radiocarbon analysis were immediately frozen, or acidified to pH 2 with hydrochloric acid and loaded onto a PPL cartridge (Dittmar et al., Limnol Oceanogr. Meth., 6:230-235, 2008) and refrigerated. &amp;amp;nbsp;Sediment samples were frozen immediately in polycarbonate centrifuge tubes. Bottom water samples were collected using acid-washed Go-Flo bottles. DOC samples were filtered (0.2 micron) and frozen. DIC samples were poisoned with HgCl2 and sealed in glass bottles.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Frozen porewater and bottom-water DOC were submitted to the Druffel Laboratory at UC Irvine for oxidation via UV irradiation (Beaupre et al., Limnol. Oceaongr. Meth., 5:174-184, 2007) followed by determination of 14C content via accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) at the Keck Carbon Cycle AMS Laboratory. DOC samples loaded onto PPL cartridges were eluted in methanol into quartz tubes and processed via sealed-tube-combustion (STC) as described in Druffel et al. (1992) J. Geophys. Res., 97:15,639-15,659. CO2 thus recovered were graphitized (Xu et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. B, 259:320-329, 2007) and submitted to UC Irvine for AMS analysis. Porewater DIC samples were extracted via acidification under vacuum, purified cryogenically, and CO2 yield quantified manometrically as described in Komada et al. (2016) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 176:259-278. CO2 samples were graphitized as described above and submitted to UC Irvine for AMS and IRMS (for 13C). Bottom-water DIC samples were submitted as is to NOSAMS for 14C analysis.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;To determine POC, known mass of dried and homogenized sediment samples were acidified (Komada et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth., 6:254-262, 2008) then processed via STC as described above. Total carbon and total nitrogen were determined on non-acidified samples using a Costech elemental analyzer.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;All borosilicate glassware were soaped, acid rinsed, then ashed at 550 deg.C for 4 hours. All quartz glass and cupric oxide wires were ashed at 850 deg.C for 4 hours. All plastic-ware were soaped, acid rinsed, then dried under stream of HEPA-filtered air.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/award/906870.rdf" xlink:title="OCE-1756686" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1756686 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1756686</gmx:Anchor>
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Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the ocean is one of the largest carbon reservoirs on Earth. Much of this DOM is highly resistant to degradation (refractory) and aged, but the nature and reasons behind the accumulation of refractory DOM in the ocean is one of the unresolved mysteries of the marine carbon cycle. While marine sediments have been shown to be a globally important source of DOM to the ocean, the connection between sediment DOM dynamics and the oceanic DOM cycle remains elusive, because information is lacking on the molecular composition and reactivity of pore water DOM. To fill this knowledge gap, this project will address the question of how refractory DOM is produced in sediments and the fate of benthic DOM in the water column. The research will focus on the relationship between protein/peptide dynamics and sediment DOM cycling, examining peptide deamination as an important pathway for the production of refractory and 14C-depleted DOM in continental margin sediments. These objectives will be met through a combination of geochemical profiling of sediment cores collected across a range of redox conditions, and long-term sediment incubation studies conducted under controlled laboratory conditions. At the heart of this proposed work is structural elucidation and quantification of intact and deaminated peptides in pore-water DOM using state-of-the-art analytical techniques. The study will help better understand how the present-day carbon cycle operates, as well as how it may respond in the future. The proposed work will integrate research and education using several approaches. All PIs routinely integrate their research into their classes, which range from introductory-undergraduate to advanced-graduate courses and will continue to do so here. All three PIs are also committed to engaging women and underrepresented minority students.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Marine sediments are a globally important source of dissolved organic matter (DOM) to the ocean. However, the connection between sediment DOM dynamics and the oceanic DOM cycle remains elusive because information about the molecular composition and reactivity of pore water DOM is lacking. To help fill this knowledge gap, this project will address the question of how refractory DOM is produced in sediments and the fate of the benthic DOM flux in the water column. The proposed study explores a novel and potentially transformative idea that deamination of peptides in sediments is a source of refractory and 14C-depleted DOM in seawater. This idea is consistent not only with the fact that the majority of seawater dissolved organic nitrogen occurs in amide form, but also with recent reports about the widespread occurrence of nitrogen-bearing formulas in deep-sea refractory DOM. The central hypothesis will be tested through a unique blend of bottom-up (molecular level DOM analyses) and top-down (bulk-level elemental and isotopic analyses, and numerical modeling) approaches. This work will involve a combination of geochemical profiling of sediment cores collected across a range of redox conditions, and long-term sediment incubation studies conducted under controlled laboratory conditions. At the heart of the proposed work is structural elucidation and quantification of intact and deaminated peptides in pore-water DOM using a state-of-the-art liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry system (ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to an Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid Mass Spectrometer), which is expected to provide an unprecedented wealth of molecular-level information about pore water DOM. The proposed work will lead to an improved mechanistic understanding of organic matter decomposition and benthic DOM cycling and shed light on the connections between the modern-day oceanic and sedimentary carbon and nitrogen cycles as they relate to the formation of refractory DOM.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.&lt;/p&gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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	Name: Sta
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Station ID.  SBB = Santa Barbara Basin. SMB = Santa Monica Basin. CAT = Catalina Basin. StaD = Station D (Reimers et al. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 6:199-224, 1992). StaK = Station K (Reimers et al. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 6:199-224, 1992).&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965473.rdf
	Name: Cruise
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	Description: &lt;p&gt;Cruise ID. OC1906A = cruise conducted on R/V Oceanus, June 2019. SKQ20 = cruise conducted on R/V Sikuliaq, December 2020.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965474.rdf
	Name: Lat
	Units: decimal degrees
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Latitude, south is negative&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965475.rdf
	Name: Lon
	Units: decimal degrees
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Longitude, west is negative&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965476.rdf
	Name: Date
	Units: yyyy-mm-dd
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Sediment sampling date in ISO format&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965477.rdf
	Name: Core_ID
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Type of corer used to retrieve sediment, followed by cast #. MC# = Multicore. BB# = Big Bertha gravity core. Pore water from MC and BB was collected as described in Komada et al. (2016) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 176:259-278. MC_Rz# = Multicore; pore water collected in a refrigerated van by inserting Rhizon samplers (5 cm long, 0.15 micron pore size) into holes that were pre-drilled into the core tube. BW = bottom-water sample (no core). BW samples were collected using a Go Flo bottle near bottom; StaD&amp;amp;K = 10 m above bottom; CAT = 30 m above bottom.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965478.rdf
	Name: Depth
	Units: cm
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Nominal sediment depth (center of depth interval sampled). Negative values are for water column samples (distance above bottom).&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965479.rdf
	Name: Depth_err
	Units: cm
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Sediment depth range (one-half of the thickness of the interval sampled)&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965480.rdf
	Name: Ox_method
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Method used to oxidize dissolved organic carbon (DOC) samples for isotope analyses. PPL-STC = Extracted by PPL following Dittmar et al. (2008) Limnol .Oceanogr. Meth., 6:230-235, then oxidized via sealed-quartz-tube combustion following Druffel et al. (1992) J. Geophys. Res., 97:15,639-15,659. TSR = Thermal sulfate reduction according to Johnson and Komada (2011) Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth., 9: 485-498. UVox = UV oxidation according to Beaupre et al. (2007) Limnol.Oceanogr. Meth., 5: 174-184.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965481.rdf
	Name: DOC_UCID_no
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;ID number of samples processed at UC Irvine&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965482.rdf
	Name: DOC_SFSU_no
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;ID number of samples processed at SFSU&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965483.rdf
	Name: DOC_wt
	Units: grams
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Weight of pore water oxidized by Uvox&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965484.rdf
	Name: DOC_vol
	Units: mL
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Approximate volume of pore water loaded onto PPL cartridge&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965485.rdf
	Name: Yield
	Units: micro-g of carbon
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Approximate amount of DOC recovered as CO2 by PPL-STC&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965486.rdf
	Name: DOC_14C
	Units: per mille
	Description: &lt;p&gt;14C abundances in &amp;#039;capital delta&amp;#039; units as described in Stuiver and Polach (1977) Radiocarbon, 19:355-363.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965487.rdf
	Name: DOC_14C_err
	Units: per mille
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Estimated uncertainty including blank correction (Santos et al. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B, 259:293-302. 2007).&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965488.rdf
	Name: DOC_Fm
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;14C abundances in fraction modern units as described in Stuiver and Polach (1977) Radiocarbon, 19:355-363.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965489.rdf
	Name: DOC_Fm_err
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Estimated uncertainty including blank correction (Santos et al. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B, 259:293-302. 2007).&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965490.rdf
	Name: DOC_13C
	Units: per mille
	Description: &lt;p&gt;13C/12C ratios of DOC sample against VPDB&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965491.rdf
	Name: DOC_13C_err
	Units: per mille
	Description: &lt;p&gt;estimated uncertainty&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965492.rdf
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	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;ID number of samples processed at NOSAMS&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965493.rdf
	Name: DIC_SFSU_no
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;ID number of samples processed at SFSU&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965494.rdf
	Name: DIC
	Units: micro-moles per liter
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Dissolved inorganic carbon (0.2 micron filter) analyzed as described in Komada et al. (2016) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 176:259-278.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965495.rdf
	Name: DIC_14C
	Units: per mille
	Description: &lt;p&gt;14C abundances in &amp;#039;capital delta&amp;#039; units as described in Stuiver and Polach (1977) Radiocarbon, 19:355-363.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965496.rdf
	Name: DIC_14C_err
	Units: per mille
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Estimated uncertainty including blank correction (Santos et al. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B, 259:293-302. 2007).&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965497.rdf
	Name: DIC_Fm
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;14C abundances in fraction modern units as described in Stuiver and Polach (1977) Radiocarbon, 19:355-363.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965498.rdf
	Name: DIC_Fm_err
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Estimated uncertainty including blank correction (Santos et al. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B, 259:293-302. 2007).&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965499.rdf
	Name: DIC_13C
	Units: per mille
	Description: &lt;p&gt;13C/12C ratios of DIC sample against VPDB&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965500.rdf
	Name: DIC_13C_err
	Units: per mille
	Description: &lt;p&gt;estimated uncertainty&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965501.rdf
	Name: POC_SFSU_no
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;ID number of samples processed at SFSU&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965502.rdf
	Name: POC
	Units: weight percent
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Sedimentary particulate organic carbon; analyzed as Komada et al. (2016) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 176:259-278.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965503.rdf
	Name: POC_14C
	Units: per mille
	Description: &lt;p&gt;14C abundances in &amp;#039;capital delta&amp;#039; units as described in Stuiver and Polach (1977) Radiocarbon, 19:355-363.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965504.rdf
	Name: POC_14C_err
	Units: per mille
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Estimated uncertainty including blank correction (Santos et al. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B, 259:293-302. 2007).&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965505.rdf
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	Description: &lt;p&gt;14C abundances in fraction modern units as described in Stuiver and Polach (1977) Radiocarbon, 19:355-363.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965506.rdf
	Name: POC_Fm_err
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	Description: &lt;p&gt;Estimated uncertainty including blank correction (Santos et al. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B, 259:293-302. 2007).&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965507.rdf
	Name: TC
	Units: weight percent
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Total sedimentary carbon concentration determined by elemental analysis with estimated precision of 2-3%.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965508.rdf
	Name: TN
	Units: weight percent
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Total sedimentary nitrogen concentration determined by elemental analysis with estimated precision of 2-3%.&lt;/p&gt; 
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&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Frozen porewater and bottom-water DOC were submitted to the Druffel Laboratory at UC Irvine for oxidation via UV irradiation (Beaupre et al., Limnol. Oceaongr. Meth., 5:174-184, 2007) followed by determination of 14C content via accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) at the Keck Carbon Cycle AMS Laboratory. DOC samples loaded onto PPL cartridges were eluted in methanol into quartz tubes and processed via sealed-tube-combustion (STC) as described in Druffel et al. (1992) J. Geophys. Res., 97:15,639-15,659. CO2 thus recovered were graphitized (Xu et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. B, 259:320-329, 2007) and submitted to UC Irvine for AMS analysis. Porewater DIC samples were extracted via acidification under vacuum, purified cryogenically, and CO2 yield quantified manometrically as described in Komada et al. (2016) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 176:259-278. CO2 samples were graphitized as described above and submitted to UC Irvine for AMS and IRMS (for 13C). Bottom-water DIC samples were submitted as is to NOSAMS for 14C analysis.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;To determine POC, known mass of dried and homogenized sediment samples were acidified (Komada et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth., 6:254-262, 2008) then processed via STC as described above. Total carbon and total nitrogen were determined on non-acidified samples using a Costech elemental analyzer.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;All borosilicate glassware were soaped, acid rinsed, then ashed at 550 deg.C for 4 hours. All quartz glass and cupric oxide wires were ashed at 850 deg.C for 4 hours. All plastic-ware were soaped, acid rinsed, then dried under stream of HEPA-filtered air.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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      </gmd:MD_Identifier>
    </gmi:identifier>
    <gmi:description>
      <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/platform/561518.rdf" xlink:title="R/V Sikuliaq" xlink:actuate="onRequest">vessel</gmx:Anchor>
    </gmi:description>
    <gmi:instrument gco:nilReason="unknown"/>
  </gmi:MI_Platform>
</gmi:platform>
          </gmi:MI_AcquisitionInformation>
  </gmi:acquisitionInformation>
</gmi:MI_Metadata>
