http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/964801
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2025-06-11
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Size fractionated carbohydrate data collected in the Sargasso Sea during BIOS-SCOPE cruises AE2114 and AE2123 in August and November 2021
2025-06-13
publication
2025-06-13
revision
Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)
2025-06-16
publication
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.964801.1
Craig A. Carlson
University of California-Santa Barbara
principalInvestigator
Hilary G. Close
University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science
principalInvestigator
Chance English
University of California-Santa Barbara
principalInvestigator
Lillian Henderson
University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science
principalInvestigator
Kimberly Popendorf
University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Henderson, L., English, C., Jeng, D., Popendorf, K., Carlson, C. A., Close, H. G. (2025) Size fractionated carbohydrate data collected in the Sargasso Sea during BIOS-SCOPE cruises AE2114 and AE2123 in August and November 2021. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2025-06-13 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.964801.1 [access date]
BIOSSCOPE Pump Amino Acid data Dataset Description: Methods and Sampling: <p>Samples were collected during August 2021 and November 2021 at or near the BATS site (31°40’ N, 64°10’ W) or at Hydrostation S (32°10’ N, 64°30’ W) on R/V Atlantic Explorer cruises AE2114 and AE2123.</p>
<p>Size-fractionated particle samples were collected using McLane WTS-LV <em>in-situ</em> pumps (4 L min<sup>-1 </sup>maximum pumping rate; McLane Research Laboratories, Inc.) during all sampling periods. Five to eight depths were sampled between the surface and 200&nbsp;meters during each cruise. Most pumps were dual-flow, collecting water through two filter holders simultaneously for geochemical and taxonomic analyses, as described by Henderson et al. (2024) and Comstock et al. (2024). Each filter holder was a vertical-intake (McLane) or mini-MULVFS style and contained four 142&nbsp;mm diameter filter tiers equipped as follows (from top to bottom) for the geochemical analyses reported here: [1] 20&nbsp;μm Nitex filter, [2] 6&nbsp;μm Nitex filter (5&nbsp;μm polyester filter), [3] two stacked 1.2&nbsp;μm glass fiber filters (GF/C), [4] two stacked 0.3&nbsp;μm glass fiber filters (GF75). A 150&nbsp;μm Nitex backing filter was placed beneath the filter(s) of interest on the first three tiers of all filter holders to ensure filter structural integrity. Nitex filters were acid-and methanol-washed before use, and glass fiber filters were pre‑combusted (450°C) for 5 hours. After pump recovery, filter holders were drained with a weak vacuum to remove excess seawater. Filters were photographed, removed and folded with clean forceps, stored in combusted foil, and transported and stored at ‑80°C. Flow meters were placed in-line on each flow path of the pumps, and exact filtered volumes for each flow path were determined; flow rates through filter stacks used for organic analyses averaged &lt;3 Liters per minutes (L/min). We collected dip blanks – filters that did not have any water pumped through them, but were submerged in natural seawater – along with our samples.</p>
<p><em><strong>Processing of large particle (&gt;20&nbsp;µm) samples</strong></em><br />
Samples were stored at ‑80°C until processing. Once in the lab, particles collected on 20&nbsp;µm Nitex filters were rinsed off the filters onto 47-mm diameter, pre-combusted (450°C, for 5&nbsp;hr) glass fiber filters with a nominal pore size of 0.7&nbsp;μm (GF/F) using 0.2&nbsp;µm-filtered seawater and combusted glass filter towers. Briefly, particles were rinsed from the Nitex filters using an acid-clean squirt bottle to spray across the filter. The Nitex mesh was then sonicated for three minutes in an acid-clean polypropylene Nalgene bottle with more filtered seawater. After sonication, this water was poured into the filter tower. The process was repeated three times, with all filtered seawater being drained from the filter tower with gentle vacuum after each rinse and sonication onto the same GF/F filter. Samples were then freeze-dried and inspected under a dissecting microscope to visually characterize the particles and remove intact zooplankton swimmers or contaminant fibers, which were both rare in the samples.</p>
<p><em><strong>Analysis of individual carbohydrate monomers</strong></em><br />
Freeze-dried filters of the 0.3&nbsp;µm, 1.2&nbsp;µm, and 20&nbsp;µm size fractions were also quantitatively split radially by weight for analysis of carbohydrate content for selected samples from August and November 2021.</p>
<p>For carbohydrate monomer analysis, two or three filter splits (replicates/triplicates) were prepared per sample. Filter splits were hydrolyzed (20 h, 100°C) using 0.4&nbsp;N hydrochloric acid, and hydrolysate was separated from filter material by pushing through combusted glass syringes with combusted glass wool in the tip and 0.2&nbsp;μm polyethersulfone syringe-tip filters. Samples were neutralized by evaporating acid under nitrogen (N<sub>2</sub>), reconstituted in ultrapure water, and filtered again through combusted quartz wool to remove any residual particulates before quantitative aliquots (by volume) were taken for analysis. Frozen samples were transported to the University of California Santa Barbara for analysis via high performance anion exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). Here, we quantified neutral, amino, and acidic carbohydrate monomers following Engel and Händel (2011). The mobile phase was as follows: eluent A was 100&nbsp;mmol&nbsp;L<sup>-1</sup> sodium hydroxide and 200&nbsp;mmol&nbsp;L<sup>-1</sup> sodium acetate, eluent B was 18 mmol&nbsp;L<sup>-1</sup> sodium hydroxide, eluent C was 1000&nbsp;mmol&nbsp;L<sup>-1</sup> sodium hydroxide, and eluent D was ultrapure water. Eluent A was filtered through a 0.2&nbsp;μm nylon membrane filter, and subsequently all eluents were bubbled with N<sub>2</sub> gas for 45&nbsp;min and degassed before being attached to the system and pressurized with N<sub>2</sub> gas. Individual carbohydrates were separated on a Dionex CarboPac PA10 analytical column (4x250&nbsp;mm) with a Dionex CarboPac PA10 guard column (4x50&nbsp;mm). The column, detector, and autosampler were temperature controlled, held constant at 25°C, 30°C, and 4°C, respectively. The flow rate was 1&nbsp;mL&nbsp;min<sup>-1</sup> and the elution gradient was as follows:</p>
<ul>
<li>-15 to 22 min: 100% eluent B</li>
<li>23 min: 9:1 eluent D/C</li>
<li>27 to 37 min: 100% eluent A</li>
<li>42 to 57 min: 4:1 eluent D/C</li>
<li>60 min: 100% eluent B</li>
</ul>
<p>A standard curve was analyzed alongside samples during each run. A stock solution was prepared in ultrapure water to achieve concentrations of 1&nbsp;mmol&nbsp;L<sup>-1</sup> fucose, rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose/xylose, ribose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid, and 0.5&nbsp;mmol L<sup>-1</sup> galactosamine, glucosamine, and muramic acid. The solution was prepared all at once, and then aliquoted and stored at ‑20°C until analysis. Standard aliquots were thawed alongside samples and diluted to concentrations of 10 to&nbsp;10000&nbsp;nmol&nbsp;L<sup>-1</sup> per monomer for analysis. Standards of appropriate sizes (i.e., bracketing those of each monomer sample peak) were to determine sample concentrations. To verify consistent instrument performance, a 1000&nbsp;nmol&nbsp;L<sup>-1</sup>&nbsp;standard was analyzed after every eight samples and compared to the original standard curve. An aliquot of a sample with ample material was also analyzed during every day of analysis to confirm day-to-day consistency. Sample concentrations were calculated from recorded peak areas using the calibration from the standard curve. Blanks of ultrapure water and full process blanks were analyzed alongside samples to check for background carbohydrate content in reagents or contamination. Full process blanks consisted of dip blank filter splits and 0.4&nbsp;M hydrochloric acid blanks that were processed exactly as samples. Seawater particulate carbohydrate concentrations (nmol L<sup>‑1</sup>) were calculated based on the original amount of seawater filtered through the portion of sample analyzed during each run (material extracted from 0.1 to 2.5&nbsp;L of seawater injected for a single run). We report concentrations here as total carbohydrate carbon as a proportion of POC, where carbon from individual monomers was calculated from the molecular formula for each monomer, summed, and divided by the total POC concentration in that particle size fraction.</p>
Funding provided by Simons Foundation (Simons) Award Number: 409923
completed
Craig A. Carlson
University of California-Santa Barbara
(805) 893-2541
University of California Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology
Santa Barbara
CA
93106-6150
USA
craig_carlson@ucsb.edu
pointOfContact
Hilary G. Close
University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science
305-421-4306 ext. 54306
46000 Rickenbacker Causeway
Miami
FL
33149
USA
hclose@miami.edu
pointOfContact
Chance English
University of California-Santa Barbara
cje@ucsb.edu
pointOfContact
Lillian Henderson
University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science
4600 Rickenbacker Causeway
Miami
FL
33149-1031
USA
lillian.henderson@earth.miami.edu
pointOfContact
Kimberly Popendorf
University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science
305-421-4328
4600 Rickenbacker Causeway
Miami
FL
33149
USA
kpopendorf@rsmas.miami.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
Sample_ID
Cruise
Latitude
Longitude
Date
Size_fraction
Filter_type
Depth
Fucose
Fucose_sd
Rhamnose
Rhamnose_sd
Galactosamine
Galactosamine_sd
Arabinose
Arabinose_sd
Glucosamine
Glucosamine_sd
Galactose
Galactose_sd
Glucose
Glucose_sd
MannoseXylose
MannoseXylose_sd
Ribose
Ribose_sd
MurAc
MurAc_sd
GalURA
GalURA_sd
GlcURA
GlcURA_sd
flow meter
autosampler
McLane WTS-LV in-situ pumps (4 L min-1 maximum pumping rate; McLane Research Laboratories, Inc.)
dissecting microscope
Ion chromatography system
sonicator
theme
None, User defined
sample identification
Cruise identfier
latitude
longitude
date
sample fraction (includes size fractions)
filter_size
depth
carbohydrates
standard deviation
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
Flow Meter
Laboratory Autosampler
McLane Large Volume Pumping System WTS-LV
Microscope - Optical
Thermo Fisher Scientific Dionex ICS-5000 ion chromatography (IC) system
ultrasonic cell disrupter (sonicator)
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
AE2114
AE2123
service
Deployment Activity
North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre - Bermuda Atlantic Time Series (BATS) and Hydrostation S site
North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre - Bermuda Atlantic Time Series (BATS) site
place
Locations
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences Simons Collaboration on Ocean Processes and Ecology
http://scope.bios.edu/
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences Simons Collaboration on Ocean Processes and Ecology
<p>The aim of BIOS-SCOPE is to expand knowledge about the BATS ecosystem and achieve a better understanding of ocean food web sources, sinks and transformations of DOM. Advances in knowledge and technology now poise us to investigate the specific mechanisms of DOM incorporation, oxidation and transformation by zooplankton and the distinct microbial plankton communities that have been discovered at BATS.</p>
<p>The overarching goal of the BIOS-SCOPE is to form and foster collaborations of cross disciplinary science that utilize a broad suite of genomic, chemical, ecological, and biogeochemical approaches to evaluate microbial process, structure and function on various scales. These scales will range from organism-compound and organism-organism interactions to large biogeochemical patterns on the ecosystem scale. For this purpose we have assembled a cross-disciplinary team including microbial oceanographers (Carlson and Giovannoni), a chemical oceanographer (Kujawinski), biological oceanographer / zooplankton ecologists (Maas and Blanco-Bercial) and microbial bioinformatician (Temperton) with the expertise and technical acuity that are needed to study complex interactions between food web processes, microbes and DOM quantity and quality in the oligotrophic ocean. This scientific team has a vision of harnessing this potential to produce new discoveries that provide a mechanistic understanding of the carbon cycle and explain the many emergent phenomenon that have yet to be understood.</p>
<p>For additional details:</p>
<ul>
<li><em><strong>BIOS-SCOPE Narrative</strong>: <br />
<a href="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/docs/302/BIOSSCOPE/data_docs/BIOS-SCOPE_Narrative_FINAL.pdf">https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/docs/302/BIOSSCOPE/data_docs/BIOS-SCOPE_Narrative_FINAL.pdf</a></em></li>
<li><em><strong>Physical Framework</strong>:<br />
<a href="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/docs/302/BIOSSCOPE/data_docs/Physical_Framework.pdf">https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/docs/302/BIOSSCOPE/data_docs/Physical_Framework.pdf</a></em></li>
</ul>
<p>BIOSSCOPE I: November 1st, 2015 through October 31st, 2020<br />
Current: November 1st, 2020 to October 31st, 2025</p>
BIOSSCOPE
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre - Bermuda Atlantic Time Series (BATS) and Hydrostation S site; North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre - Bermuda Atlantic Time Series (BATS) site
-64.5
-64.08
30.75
32.17
2021-08-06
2021-11-13
North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre, Bermuda Atlantic Time Series (BATS) site
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Size fractionated carbohydrate data collected in the Sargasso Sea during BIOS-SCOPE cruises AE2114 and AE2123 in August and November 2021
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965039.rdf
Name: Sample_ID
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Internal sample ID</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965040.rdf
Name: Cruise
Units: unitless
Description: <p>BIOSSCOPE cruise identifier</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965041.rdf
Name: Latitude
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Latitude of sampling</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965042.rdf
Name: Longitude
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Longitude of sampling</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965043.rdf
Name: Date
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Date of sampling</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965044.rdf
Name: Size_fraction
Units: micrometers (um)
Description: <p>Particle size range for water fraction</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965045.rdf
Name: Filter_type
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Filter type used for particle fraction (Nitex, GF/C ,GF75)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965046.rdf
Name: Depth
Units: meters (m)
Description: <p>Water column depth of sample</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965047.rdf
Name: Fucose
Units: nanomoles carbon per liter (nmol C/L)
Description: <p>Carbohydrate monomer average concentration: Fucose</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965048.rdf
Name: Fucose_sd
Units: nanomoles carbon per liter (nmol C/L)
Description: <p>Standard deviation of Fucose concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965049.rdf
Name: Rhamnose
Units: nanomoles carbon per liter (nmol C/L)
Description: <p>Carbohydrate monomer average concentration: Rhamnose</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965050.rdf
Name: Rhamnose_sd
Units: nanomoles carbon per liter (nmol C/L)
Description: <p>Standard deviation of Rhamnose concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965051.rdf
Name: Galactosamine
Units: nanomoles carbon per liter (nmol C/L)
Description: <p>Carbohydrate monomer average concentration: Galactosamine</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965052.rdf
Name: Galactosamine_sd
Units: nanomoles carbon per liter (nmol C/L)
Description: <p>Standard deviation of Galactosamine concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965053.rdf
Name: Arabinose
Units: nanomoles carbon per liter (nmol C/L)
Description: <p>Carbohydrate monomer average concentration: Arabinose</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965054.rdf
Name: Arabinose_sd
Units: nanomoles carbon per liter (nmol C/L)
Description: <p>Standard deviation of Arabinose concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965055.rdf
Name: Glucosamine
Units: nanomoles carbon per liter (nmol C/L)
Description: <p>Carbohydrate monomer average concentration: Glucosamine</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965056.rdf
Name: Glucosamine_sd
Units: nanomoles carbon per liter (nmol C/L)
Description: <p>Standard deviation of Glucosamine concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965057.rdf
Name: Galactose
Units: nanomoles carbon per liter (nmol C/L)
Description: <p>Carbohydrate monomer average concentration: Galactose</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965058.rdf
Name: Galactose_sd
Units: nanomoles carbon per liter (nmol C/L)
Description: <p>Standard deviation of Galactose concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965059.rdf
Name: Glucose
Units: nanomoles carbon per liter (nmol C/L)
Description: <p>Carbohydrate monomer average concentration: Glucose</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965060.rdf
Name: Glucose_sd
Units: nanomoles carbon per liter (nmol C/L)
Description: <p>Standard deviation of Glucose concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965061.rdf
Name: MannoseXylose
Units: nanomoles carbon per liter (nmol C/L)
Description: <p>Carbohydrate monomer average concentration: Mannose+Xylose</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965062.rdf
Name: MannoseXylose_sd
Units: nanomoles carbon per liter (nmol C/L)
Description: <p>Standard deviation of Mannose+Xylose concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965063.rdf
Name: Ribose
Units: nanomoles carbon per liter (nmol C/L)
Description: <p>Carbohydrate monomer average concentration: Ribose</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965064.rdf
Name: Ribose_sd
Units: nanomoles carbon per liter (nmol C/L)
Description: <p>Standard deviation of Ribose concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965065.rdf
Name: MurAc
Units: nanomoles carbon per liter (nmol C/L)
Description: <p>Carbohydrate monomer average concentration: Muramic acid</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965066.rdf
Name: MurAc_sd
Units: nanomoles carbon per liter (nmol C/L)
Description: <p>Standard deviation of Muramic acid concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965067.rdf
Name: GalURA
Units: nanomoles carbon per liter (nmol C/L)
Description: <p>Carbohydrate monomer average concentration: Galacturonic acid</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965068.rdf
Name: GalURA_sd
Units: nanomoles carbon per liter (nmol C/L)
Description: <p>Standard deviation of Galacturonic acid concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965069.rdf
Name: GlcURA
Units: nanomoles carbon per liter (nmol C/L)
Description: <p>Carbohydrate monomer average concentration: Glucuronic acid</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/965070.rdf
Name: GlcURA_sd
Units: nanomoles carbon per liter (nmol C/L)
Description: <p>Standard deviation of Glucuronic acid concentration</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
7765
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/a72ef5dd-dde5-452e-bde7-dc40220dbed1/content
download
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.964801.1
download
onLine
dataset
<p>Samples were collected during August 2021 and November 2021 at or near the BATS site (31°40’ N, 64°10’ W) or at Hydrostation S (32°10’ N, 64°30’ W) on R/V Atlantic Explorer cruises AE2114 and AE2123.</p>
<p>Size-fractionated particle samples were collected using McLane WTS-LV <em>in-situ</em> pumps (4 L min<sup>-1 </sup>maximum pumping rate; McLane Research Laboratories, Inc.) during all sampling periods. Five to eight depths were sampled between the surface and 200&nbsp;meters during each cruise. Most pumps were dual-flow, collecting water through two filter holders simultaneously for geochemical and taxonomic analyses, as described by Henderson et al. (2024) and Comstock et al. (2024). Each filter holder was a vertical-intake (McLane) or mini-MULVFS style and contained four 142&nbsp;mm diameter filter tiers equipped as follows (from top to bottom) for the geochemical analyses reported here: [1] 20&nbsp;μm Nitex filter, [2] 6&nbsp;μm Nitex filter (5&nbsp;μm polyester filter), [3] two stacked 1.2&nbsp;μm glass fiber filters (GF/C), [4] two stacked 0.3&nbsp;μm glass fiber filters (GF75). A 150&nbsp;μm Nitex backing filter was placed beneath the filter(s) of interest on the first three tiers of all filter holders to ensure filter structural integrity. Nitex filters were acid-and methanol-washed before use, and glass fiber filters were pre‑combusted (450°C) for 5 hours. After pump recovery, filter holders were drained with a weak vacuum to remove excess seawater. Filters were photographed, removed and folded with clean forceps, stored in combusted foil, and transported and stored at ‑80°C. Flow meters were placed in-line on each flow path of the pumps, and exact filtered volumes for each flow path were determined; flow rates through filter stacks used for organic analyses averaged &lt;3 Liters per minutes (L/min). We collected dip blanks – filters that did not have any water pumped through them, but were submerged in natural seawater – along with our samples.</p>
<p><em><strong>Processing of large particle (&gt;20&nbsp;µm) samples</strong></em><br />
Samples were stored at ‑80°C until processing. Once in the lab, particles collected on 20&nbsp;µm Nitex filters were rinsed off the filters onto 47-mm diameter, pre-combusted (450°C, for 5&nbsp;hr) glass fiber filters with a nominal pore size of 0.7&nbsp;μm (GF/F) using 0.2&nbsp;µm-filtered seawater and combusted glass filter towers. Briefly, particles were rinsed from the Nitex filters using an acid-clean squirt bottle to spray across the filter. The Nitex mesh was then sonicated for three minutes in an acid-clean polypropylene Nalgene bottle with more filtered seawater. After sonication, this water was poured into the filter tower. The process was repeated three times, with all filtered seawater being drained from the filter tower with gentle vacuum after each rinse and sonication onto the same GF/F filter. Samples were then freeze-dried and inspected under a dissecting microscope to visually characterize the particles and remove intact zooplankton swimmers or contaminant fibers, which were both rare in the samples.</p>
<p><em><strong>Analysis of individual carbohydrate monomers</strong></em><br />
Freeze-dried filters of the 0.3&nbsp;µm, 1.2&nbsp;µm, and 20&nbsp;µm size fractions were also quantitatively split radially by weight for analysis of carbohydrate content for selected samples from August and November 2021.</p>
<p>For carbohydrate monomer analysis, two or three filter splits (replicates/triplicates) were prepared per sample. Filter splits were hydrolyzed (20 h, 100°C) using 0.4&nbsp;N hydrochloric acid, and hydrolysate was separated from filter material by pushing through combusted glass syringes with combusted glass wool in the tip and 0.2&nbsp;μm polyethersulfone syringe-tip filters. Samples were neutralized by evaporating acid under nitrogen (N<sub>2</sub>), reconstituted in ultrapure water, and filtered again through combusted quartz wool to remove any residual particulates before quantitative aliquots (by volume) were taken for analysis. Frozen samples were transported to the University of California Santa Barbara for analysis via high performance anion exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). Here, we quantified neutral, amino, and acidic carbohydrate monomers following Engel and Händel (2011). The mobile phase was as follows: eluent A was 100&nbsp;mmol&nbsp;L<sup>-1</sup> sodium hydroxide and 200&nbsp;mmol&nbsp;L<sup>-1</sup> sodium acetate, eluent B was 18 mmol&nbsp;L<sup>-1</sup> sodium hydroxide, eluent C was 1000&nbsp;mmol&nbsp;L<sup>-1</sup> sodium hydroxide, and eluent D was ultrapure water. Eluent A was filtered through a 0.2&nbsp;μm nylon membrane filter, and subsequently all eluents were bubbled with N<sub>2</sub> gas for 45&nbsp;min and degassed before being attached to the system and pressurized with N<sub>2</sub> gas. Individual carbohydrates were separated on a Dionex CarboPac PA10 analytical column (4x250&nbsp;mm) with a Dionex CarboPac PA10 guard column (4x50&nbsp;mm). The column, detector, and autosampler were temperature controlled, held constant at 25°C, 30°C, and 4°C, respectively. The flow rate was 1&nbsp;mL&nbsp;min<sup>-1</sup> and the elution gradient was as follows:</p>
<ul>
<li>-15 to 22 min: 100% eluent B</li>
<li>23 min: 9:1 eluent D/C</li>
<li>27 to 37 min: 100% eluent A</li>
<li>42 to 57 min: 4:1 eluent D/C</li>
<li>60 min: 100% eluent B</li>
</ul>
<p>A standard curve was analyzed alongside samples during each run. A stock solution was prepared in ultrapure water to achieve concentrations of 1&nbsp;mmol&nbsp;L<sup>-1</sup> fucose, rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose/xylose, ribose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid, and 0.5&nbsp;mmol L<sup>-1</sup> galactosamine, glucosamine, and muramic acid. The solution was prepared all at once, and then aliquoted and stored at ‑20°C until analysis. Standard aliquots were thawed alongside samples and diluted to concentrations of 10 to&nbsp;10000&nbsp;nmol&nbsp;L<sup>-1</sup> per monomer for analysis. Standards of appropriate sizes (i.e., bracketing those of each monomer sample peak) were to determine sample concentrations. To verify consistent instrument performance, a 1000&nbsp;nmol&nbsp;L<sup>-1</sup>&nbsp;standard was analyzed after every eight samples and compared to the original standard curve. An aliquot of a sample with ample material was also analyzed during every day of analysis to confirm day-to-day consistency. Sample concentrations were calculated from recorded peak areas using the calibration from the standard curve. Blanks of ultrapure water and full process blanks were analyzed alongside samples to check for background carbohydrate content in reagents or contamination. Full process blanks consisted of dip blank filter splits and 0.4&nbsp;M hydrochloric acid blanks that were processed exactly as samples. Seawater particulate carbohydrate concentrations (nmol L<sup>‑1</sup>) were calculated based on the original amount of seawater filtered through the portion of sample analyzed during each run (material extracted from 0.1 to 2.5&nbsp;L of seawater injected for a single run). We report concentrations here as total carbohydrate carbon as a proportion of POC, where carbon from individual monomers was calculated from the molecular formula for each monomer, summed, and divided by the total POC concentration in that particle size fraction.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
- Imported data from source file "SizeFrac_Carbos_BIOSSCOPE_2021.xlsx" into the BCO-DMO data system.
- Modified parameter (column) names to conform with BCO-DMO naming conventions.
- Converted latitude and longitude columns to decimal degrees
- Changed date format to ISO format of yyyy-mm-dd
- Moved standard deviation values to be adjacent to the associated carbohydrate values
- Rounded values according to submitter's indicated precision
Specified by BCO-DMO Data Managers
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
flow meter
flow meter
PI Supplied Instrument Name: flow meter PI Supplied Instrument Description:Flow meters were placed in-line on each flow path of the pumps, and exact filtered volumes for each flow path were determined. Instrument Name: Flow Meter Instrument Short Name:Flow Meter Instrument Description: General term for a sensor that quantifies the rate at which fluids (e.g. water or air) pass through sensor packages, instruments, or sampling devices. A flow meter may be mechanical, optical, electromagnetic, etc. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/388/
autosampler
autosampler
PI Supplied Instrument Name: autosampler PI Supplied Instrument Description:The column, detector, and autosampler were temperature controlled, held constant at 25°C, 30°C, and 4°C, respectively. Instrument Name: Laboratory Autosampler Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: Laboratory apparatus that automatically introduces one or more samples with a predetermined volume or mass into an analytical instrument.
McLane WTS-LV in-situ pumps (4 L min-1 maximum pumping rate; McLane Research Laboratories, Inc.)
McLane WTS-LV in-situ pumps (4 L min-1 maximum pumping rate; McLane Research Laboratories, Inc.)
PI Supplied Instrument Name: McLane WTS-LV in-situ pumps (4 L min-1 maximum pumping rate; McLane Research Laboratories, Inc.) PI Supplied Instrument Description:Size-fractionated particle samples were collected using McLane WTS-LV in-situ pumps (4 L min-1 maximum pumping rate; McLane Research Laboratories, Inc.) during all sampling periods. Instrument Name: McLane Large Volume Pumping System WTS-LV Instrument Short Name:WTS-LV Instrument Description: The WTS-LV is a Water Transfer System (WTS) Large Volume (LV) pumping instrument designed and manufactured by McLane Research Labs (Falmouth, MA, USA). It is a large-volume, single-event sampler that collects suspended and dissolved particulate samples in situ.
Ambient water is drawn through a modular filter holder onto a 142-millimeter (mm) membrane without passing through the pump. The standard two-tier filter holder provides prefiltering and size fractioning. Collection targets include chlorophyll maximum, particulate trace metals, and phytoplankton. It features different flow rates and filter porosity to support a range of specimen collection. Sampling can be programmed to start at a scheduled time or begin with a countdown delay. It also features a dynamic pump speed algorithm that adjusts flow to protect the sample as material accumulates on the filter. Several pump options range from 0.5 to 30 liters per minute, with a max volume of 2,500 to 36,000 liters depending on the pump and battery pack used. The standard model is depth rated to 5,500 meters, with a deeper 7,000-meter option available. The operating temperature is -4 to 35 degrees Celsius.
The WTS-LV is available in four different configurations: Standard, Upright, Bore Hole, and Dual Filter Sampler. The high-capacity upright WTS-LV model provides three times the battery life of the standard model. The Bore-Hole WTS-LV is designed to fit through a narrow opening such as a 30-centimeter borehole. The dual filter WTS-LV features two vertical intake 142 mm filter holders to allow simultaneous filtering using two different porosities.
dissecting microscope
dissecting microscope
PI Supplied Instrument Name: dissecting microscope PI Supplied Instrument Description:Samples were inspected under a dissecting microscope to visually characterize the particles and remove intact zooplankton swimmers or contaminant fibers, which were both rare in the samples. Instrument Name: Microscope - Optical Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: Instruments that generate enlarged images of samples using the phenomena of reflection and absorption of visible light. Includes conventional and inverted instruments. Also called a "light microscope". Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB05/
Ion chromatography system
Ion chromatography system
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Ion chromatography system PI Supplied Instrument Description:Frozen samples were transported to the University of California Santa Barbara for analysis via high performance anion exchange chromatography. Instrument Name: Thermo Fisher Scientific Dionex ICS-5000 ion chromatography (IC) system Instrument Short Name:ICS-5000 Instrument Description: The Thermo Fisher Scientific Dionex ICS-5000 ion chromatography (IC) system is an ion chromatography system that offers a full range of reagent-free components. This instrument can be configured to use single or dual pumps. The single-channel Dionex ICS-5000 can be configured to run capillary, microbore or standard bore IC applications. A dual Dionex ICS-5000 system can be configured with any combination of these applications. This system uses an eluent generator (EG) to generate high purity acid or base eluents from deionized water, in the amount and concentration needed for sample analysis, configurable for single or dual channel operation. Eluent regeneration may also be used without an EG - eluent regeneration uses the suppressor to reconstitute the starting eluent, allowing use of a single 4-liter bottle of eluent for up to four weeks. An eluent organizer (EO) module is used to contain eluent spills and leaks. The ICS-5000 detector/chromatography module (DC) can accommodate components for two channels, plumbed either serially or in parallel, in a temperature-controlled environment. Available DC components include conductivity detectors, electrochemical detectors, injection valves, switching valves, guard and separator columns, suppressors, and Dionex IC cubes or ICS-5000 Automation Manager. Detectors outside of the DC include a Dionex ICS Series Photodiode Array Detector (PDA); Dionex ICS Series Variable Wavelength Detector (VWD); MSQ Plus Mass Spectrometer.
sonicator
sonicator
PI Supplied Instrument Name: sonicator PI Supplied Instrument Description:The mesh filter was sonicated for three minutes in an acid-clean polypropylene Nalgene bottle with filtered seawater. Instrument Name: ultrasonic cell disrupter (sonicator) Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: Instrument that applies sound energy to agitate particles in a sample.
Cruise: AE2114
AE2114
R/V Atlantic Explorer
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Atlantic Explorer
vessel
AE2114
Craig A. Carlson
University of California-Santa Barbara
Cruise: AE2123
AE2123
R/V Atlantic Explorer
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Atlantic Explorer
vessel
AE2123
Craig A. Carlson
University of California-Santa Barbara
R/V Atlantic Explorer
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Atlantic Explorer
vessel