http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/968848
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2025-07-16
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Histological gonad reproductive scores for purple sea urchins from experiments at the Quadra Island Ecological Observatory from Sep to Dec 2021
2026-03-18
publication
2026-03-18
revision
BCO-DMO Linked Data URI
2026-03-18
creation
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/968848
Daniel K. Okamoto
University of California-Berkeley
principalInvestigator
Sam E. Karelitz
Florida State University
principalInvestigator
Daniel Swezey
University of California-Davis
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Okamoto, D. K., Munstermann, M. J., Karelitz, S. E., Spindel, N., Swezey, D., Collicutt, B., Mahara, N., Cronmiller, E., Rolheiser, K., Foss, M., Gimenez, I., Ward-Diorio, R. (2026) Histological gonad reproductive scores for purple sea urchins from experiments at the Quadra Island Ecological Observatory from Sep to Dec 2021. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2026-03-18 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/968848 [access date]
Marna Laboratory urchin histological scores Dataset Description: Methods and Sampling: <p>To quantify how different thermal regimes affect investment in gonads and development of gametes in male and female urchins, we first conducted a 10-week experiment in which 300 animals were incubated in replicate 350L mesocosms that simulated El Niño (N = 4 mesocosms, 60 animals per treatment) or La Niña (N = 4 mesocosms, 60 animals) conditions based on historical, empirical benthic temperature time series from Scripps Pier in La Jolla, Californiathat coincide with historical collapses in larval supply in Southern California.&nbsp;</p>
<p>We paired these treatments with a range of fixed temperature incubations (10, 13, 16, 17, 18, 20&nbsp;°C, N = 2 mesocosms, 30 animals per treatment), two of which matched the mean temperature of the El Niño (20&nbsp;°C) and La Niña (16&nbsp;°C). Experiments were conducted at the Marna Lab at the Hakai Institute’s Quadra Island Ecological Observatory in Heriot Bay, British Columbia due to availability of sophisticated seawater systems for careful, replicated temperature manipulations.</p>
<p><strong>Field Collections and Acclimation</strong></p>
<p>We collected sea urchins by hand on SCUBA in the vicinity of Ucluelet, British Columbia, Canada (48.94°N, 125.56° W) from a depth of 7-8 m relative to mean low tide in September 2021 and transported them to the Marna Lab via truck in seawater filled coolers with bubblers in less than 24 hours. We transferred sea urchins to flow-through sea tables and allowed them to recover for a period of one week before placing animals into the mesocosm system.&nbsp;Animals were haphazardly selected and assigned to the "Wild" group or "Experimental" group (and thereafter treatments) from this pool.&nbsp;</p>
<p>For the "Experimental" group, we selected healthy individuals within a constrained size range for incubations (n = 300, mean test diameter = 56.09 mm, range test diameter = 42.12 – 69.46 mm). Finally, we assigned animals to mesocosms at random at ambient temperature and exposed each assigned mesocosm to a temperature ramp, where the ramp reached target temperatures after two weeks from the initial incoming, ambient temperature (mean across all tanks of 13.3°C, SD = 0.3°C) to avoid thermal shock. Once initial target temperatures were reached, they were maintained or, for the variable treatments, were manually adjusted daily in the AM (∼8am each day) as needed by 0.5&nbsp;°C increments in a scheduled manner to match historical mean El Niño and La Niña daily temperature trends.</p>
<p><strong>Mesocosm System</strong></p>
<p>We placed urchins in a custom-built array of twenty replicated 214 L [90(L) x 59.5(W) x 40(H) cm] acrylic mesocosms supplied with flow-through UV sterilized and filtered seawater. Each mesocosm was capable of independent control of temperature and animals were provided a lighting regime for all mesocosms using LED fixtures (Aquamaxx, CA, USA) programmed to provide 10L:14D with two-hour linear light intensity transition periods for dawn and dusk (0-100% from 07:00 to 09:00 “dawn”, and 100-0% from 17:00 to 19:00 “dusk”). Each mesocosm independently maintained temperature treatments using a heat exchanger fitted with a titanium coil regulated by a dual stage digital temperature controller (Resolution = 0.1°C, Dwyer Instruments, LLC.©, Michigan City, IN, USA). The mesocosm system employed central cooling (Aermec Mits Airconditioning Inc., Mississauga, ON, Canada) and heating (boiler array, Viessmann Manufacturing Company Inc., Warwick, RI, USA) to supply independent heat exchangers with on-demand cold and warm glycol loops for down- and up-regulation of water temperature, respectively. We manually checked and re-calibrated sensors, as needed, using digital traceable thermometers twice daily to control potential temperature sensor drift. We randomly assigned mesocosms to the specified treatments.</p>
<p><strong>Animal husbandry</strong></p>
<p>We fed individuals uniform dry pellets combining several macroalgal species formulated for the aquaculture of&nbsp;S. purpuratus&nbsp;(Urchinomics Canada Inc., Halifax, NS, Canada). Animals in mesocosms were fed twice per week and we removed uneaten food and refuse every 72 h. More detail available in the results publication (Okamoto et al. 2023).</p>
<p><strong>Histological and gonad assays</strong></p>
<p>Animals were measured and sacrificed and gonads were carefully excised from the opened test.&nbsp;Using a clean, sterile scalpel we excised an approximately 2 mm cross section from the first gonad, placed in a histological cassette, soaked in Davidson's solution for 24 hours, and placed in 95% EtOH for long term storage. Preserved gonads were then sent to Histology Consultants, Inc. for sectioning, staining with Eosin and Myosin, and mounting on slides. Mounted slides were then analyzed for gametogenic stage. We scored gametogenesis using a standard staging scale of I to IV where IV is fully mature and I is immature (Byrne 1990).</p>
<p>For full methods, see&nbsp;results publication (Okamoto et al. 2023).</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-2023693 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=2023693
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-2023664 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=2023664
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-2023649 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=2023649
onGoing
Daniel K. Okamoto
University of California-Berkeley
850-644-5260
319 Stadium Drive
Tallahassee
FL
32306
United States
dkokamoto@berkeley.edu
pointOfContact
Sam E. Karelitz
Florida State University
skarelitz@berkeley.edu
pointOfContact
Daniel Swezey
University of California-Davis
dan@stewartspoint.org
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
HISTO_CASETTE_NO
sex
cat
pco2_h_l
treatment
tank_id
temp_deg_c
SCUBA
theme
None, User defined
sample identification
sex
stage
Partial pressure of CO2
treatment
experiment id
incubation or cultivation temperature (not ambient water temp)
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
Microscope - Optical
Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
Collaborative Research: The effects of marine heatwaves on reproduction, larval transport and recruitment in sea urchin metapopulations
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/818918
Collaborative Research: The effects of marine heatwaves on reproduction, larval transport and recruitment in sea urchin metapopulations
<p><em>NSF Award Abstract:</em><br />
Rapid and extreme warming events such as El Niño and marine heatwaves have had ecological and economic impacts on nearshore marine ecosystems. These impacts include reductions in biomass and collapses in commercial fisheries. For many species, population booms and busts are controlled by shifts in reproduction and juvenile dispersal related to warmer temperatures and ocean circulation. However, how population fluctuations are shaped by interacting processes that control adult reproduction and larval survival remains unclear. Marine heatwaves often accompany major disruptions in ocean circulation, which can affect survival and the distribution of species that produce free-floating, planktonic larvae. As a result, species can be impacted directly by temperature effects on organismal reproduction and survival, and indirectly by shifts in ocean circulation that affect larval success. This project is examining how the joint effects of temperature and ocean circulation are controlling populations of purple sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus). To address project objectives, the team is developing oceanographic models to predict dispersal of planktonic larvae in combination with controlled experiments on adult reproductive success. This project is advancing the understanding of how ecologically important species respond to ocean temperature and circulation, which are forecast to shift under future climate change scenarios. Broader impacts of the project include training of students and post-docs in STEM and educational outreach. Curriculum development and implementation is occurring in collaboration with existing K-12 outreach programs that focus on underserved communities and under-represented groups. The goal is to empower the next generation of scientists to use integrative approaches to predict ecological consequences of climate change.</p>
<p>Purple sea urchins are an ideal species for studying the coupled impacts of warming and ocean circulation on recruitment and survival given a wealth of ecological and organismal data. The species has a mapped genome, can be transported large distances as larvae by ocean currents, and larval abundances in California exhibit orders of magnitude variation with heatwaves and El Niño fluctuations. To quantify the processes that shape spatial and temporal variability in larval supply, researchers are applying a novel combination of biophysical modeling, experiments and statistical modeling of long-term, high-resolution data on larval settlement across the Southern California Bight (SCB). Research module 1 is quantifying spatial and temporal patterns of larval transport using a 3D-biophysical model of the SCB. The model is testing how interactions among historical changes in ocean circulation and temperature, larval life history, and larval behavioral traits affect variation in larval supply in space and time. Research module 2 is focused on how temperature could affect spatial and temporal variation in egg production. Experiments are characterizing reproductive thermal performance curves and quantifying how these vary among populations and organismal history. A novel assay is assessing epigenetic regulation of gene expression associated with performance curves. Finally, Module 3 will integrate mechanistic models from Modules 1 and 2 to statistically assess their ability to explain spatial and temporal trends in a nearly three-decade dataset of larval settlement from six sites in the SCB. This is one of the first studies that integrates models of larval transport, reproductive performance and settlement data to empirically test how physical and biological processes affect local recruitment patterns in complex marine meta-populations.</p>
<p>This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.</p>
Urchin metapopulations
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
biota
oceans
-125.5783
-125.5783
48.9434
48.9434
2021-08-01
2021-12-20
Coastal California Waters from San Diego through Mendocino Counties
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Histological gonad reproductive scores for purple sea urchins from experiments at the Quadra Island Ecological Observatory from Sep to Dec 2021
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/969979.rdf
Name: HISTO_CASETTE_NO
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Unique identifier for the histological sample that relates to the organismal data file</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/969980.rdf
Name: sex
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Sex of the organism</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/969981.rdf
Name: cat
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Histological stage category; standard staging scale of 1 to 4 where 4 is fully mature and 1 is immature</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/969982.rdf
Name: pco2_h_l
Units: Parts per million (ppm)
Description: <p>High or low pCO2 treatment where "Low" is 600 ppm and "High" is 1200 ppm</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/969983.rdf
Name: treatment
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Temperature treatment consisting of constant temperatures at 10, 13, 16, 17, 18, or 20 degrees, an El Niño treatment dropping from 21 to 18 degrees or a La Niña treatment dropping from 18 to 16 degrees</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/969984.rdf
Name: tank_id
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Identifier for experimental mesocosm</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/969985.rdf
Name: temp_deg_c
Units: degrees Celsius
Description: <p>Mean temperature of the treatment (e.g., 20 degrees was the mean temperature for the El Niño treatment)</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/dataset/968848/data/download
download
onLine
dataset
<p>To quantify how different thermal regimes affect investment in gonads and development of gametes in male and female urchins, we first conducted a 10-week experiment in which 300 animals were incubated in replicate 350L mesocosms that simulated El Niño (N = 4 mesocosms, 60 animals per treatment) or La Niña (N = 4 mesocosms, 60 animals) conditions based on historical, empirical benthic temperature time series from Scripps Pier in La Jolla, Californiathat coincide with historical collapses in larval supply in Southern California.&nbsp;</p>
<p>We paired these treatments with a range of fixed temperature incubations (10, 13, 16, 17, 18, 20&nbsp;°C, N = 2 mesocosms, 30 animals per treatment), two of which matched the mean temperature of the El Niño (20&nbsp;°C) and La Niña (16&nbsp;°C). Experiments were conducted at the Marna Lab at the Hakai Institute’s Quadra Island Ecological Observatory in Heriot Bay, British Columbia due to availability of sophisticated seawater systems for careful, replicated temperature manipulations.</p>
<p><strong>Field Collections and Acclimation</strong></p>
<p>We collected sea urchins by hand on SCUBA in the vicinity of Ucluelet, British Columbia, Canada (48.94°N, 125.56° W) from a depth of 7-8 m relative to mean low tide in September 2021 and transported them to the Marna Lab via truck in seawater filled coolers with bubblers in less than 24 hours. We transferred sea urchins to flow-through sea tables and allowed them to recover for a period of one week before placing animals into the mesocosm system.&nbsp;Animals were haphazardly selected and assigned to the "Wild" group or "Experimental" group (and thereafter treatments) from this pool.&nbsp;</p>
<p>For the "Experimental" group, we selected healthy individuals within a constrained size range for incubations (n = 300, mean test diameter = 56.09 mm, range test diameter = 42.12 – 69.46 mm). Finally, we assigned animals to mesocosms at random at ambient temperature and exposed each assigned mesocosm to a temperature ramp, where the ramp reached target temperatures after two weeks from the initial incoming, ambient temperature (mean across all tanks of 13.3°C, SD = 0.3°C) to avoid thermal shock. Once initial target temperatures were reached, they were maintained or, for the variable treatments, were manually adjusted daily in the AM (∼8am each day) as needed by 0.5&nbsp;°C increments in a scheduled manner to match historical mean El Niño and La Niña daily temperature trends.</p>
<p><strong>Mesocosm System</strong></p>
<p>We placed urchins in a custom-built array of twenty replicated 214 L [90(L) x 59.5(W) x 40(H) cm] acrylic mesocosms supplied with flow-through UV sterilized and filtered seawater. Each mesocosm was capable of independent control of temperature and animals were provided a lighting regime for all mesocosms using LED fixtures (Aquamaxx, CA, USA) programmed to provide 10L:14D with two-hour linear light intensity transition periods for dawn and dusk (0-100% from 07:00 to 09:00 “dawn”, and 100-0% from 17:00 to 19:00 “dusk”). Each mesocosm independently maintained temperature treatments using a heat exchanger fitted with a titanium coil regulated by a dual stage digital temperature controller (Resolution = 0.1°C, Dwyer Instruments, LLC.©, Michigan City, IN, USA). The mesocosm system employed central cooling (Aermec Mits Airconditioning Inc., Mississauga, ON, Canada) and heating (boiler array, Viessmann Manufacturing Company Inc., Warwick, RI, USA) to supply independent heat exchangers with on-demand cold and warm glycol loops for down- and up-regulation of water temperature, respectively. We manually checked and re-calibrated sensors, as needed, using digital traceable thermometers twice daily to control potential temperature sensor drift. We randomly assigned mesocosms to the specified treatments.</p>
<p><strong>Animal husbandry</strong></p>
<p>We fed individuals uniform dry pellets combining several macroalgal species formulated for the aquaculture of&nbsp;S. purpuratus&nbsp;(Urchinomics Canada Inc., Halifax, NS, Canada). Animals in mesocosms were fed twice per week and we removed uneaten food and refuse every 72 h. More detail available in the results publication (Okamoto et al. 2023).</p>
<p><strong>Histological and gonad assays</strong></p>
<p>Animals were measured and sacrificed and gonads were carefully excised from the opened test.&nbsp;Using a clean, sterile scalpel we excised an approximately 2 mm cross section from the first gonad, placed in a histological cassette, soaked in Davidson's solution for 24 hours, and placed in 95% EtOH for long term storage. Preserved gonads were then sent to Histology Consultants, Inc. for sectioning, staining with Eosin and Myosin, and mounting on slides. Mounted slides were then analyzed for gametogenic stage. We scored gametogenesis using a standard staging scale of I to IV where IV is fully mature and I is immature (Byrne 1990).</p>
<p>For full methods, see&nbsp;results publication (Okamoto et al. 2023).</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
- Imported "Marna_histology_2021.csv" into BCO-DMO system
- Replaced periods with underscores to comply with BCO-DMO guidelines
- Replaced "l" with "Low" and "h" with "High" in the "pco2_h_l" parameter values
- Removed extra unlabelled column with row numbers
- Exported file as "968848_v1_urchin_hist_marna_lab.csv"
Species name Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:240747) verified as current accepted form on 2025-07-08, using the WoRMs World Registery of Marine Species database.
Specified by BCO-DMO Data Managers
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
PI Supplied Instrument Name: PI Supplied Instrument Description:Preserved gonads were then sent to Histology Consultants, Inc. for sectioning, staining with Eosin and Myosin, and mounting on slides. Mounted slides were then analyzed for gametogenic stage. Instrument Name: Microscope - Optical Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: Instruments that generate enlarged images of samples using the phenomena of reflection and absorption of visible light. Includes conventional and inverted instruments. Also called a "light microscope". Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB05/
SCUBA
SCUBA
PI Supplied Instrument Name: SCUBA PI Supplied Instrument Description:All animals were simultaneously collected from Ucluelet, British Columbia, Canada (48° 56.604N, 125° 34.699W) from a depth of 7-8 m relative to mean low tide on 3 September 2021 using SCUBA and immediately transported to the Marna Laboratory flow through seawater system. Instrument Name: Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus Instrument Short Name:SCUBA Instrument Description: The self-contained underwater breathing apparatus or scuba diving system is the result of technological developments and innovations that began almost 300 years ago. Scuba diving is the most extensively used system for breathing underwater by recreational divers throughout the world and in various forms is also widely used to perform underwater work for military, scientific, and commercial purposes.
Reference: https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/technology/technical/technical.html