http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/969488
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2025-07-22
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Routine metabolic rate (RMR) and critical partial pressure (Pcrit) measurements of Salpa fusiformis collected aboard R/V Atlantic Explorer cruise AE2306 in the Sargasso Sea in March 2023
2025-09-05
publication
2025-09-05
revision
Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)
2025-09-08
publication
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.969488.1
Lloyd Trueblood
La Sierra University
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Trueblood, L. (2025) Routine metabolic rate (RMR) and critical partial pressure (Pcrit) measurements of Salpa fusiformis collected aboard R/V Atlantic Explorer cruise AE2306 in the Sargasso Sea in March 2023. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2025-09-05 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.969488.1 [access date]
O2 consumption of Salpa fusiformis Dataset Description: Methods and Sampling: <p><em><strong>Sample collection</strong><br />
Salpa fusiformis </em>were collected in March 2023 aboard the R/V Atlantic Explorer (AE2306) during the monthly Bermuda Atlantic Time Series (BATS) cruise (31°50'N, 64°10'W). From 2023-03-19 to&nbsp;2023-03-26, nighttime tows were conducted using a 1 meter circular Reeve net with 150 µm mesh, a 20 L cod end, and a miniSTAR-ODDI pressure and depth sensor deployed to 200 m depth.&nbsp;Conductivity, Temperature, Density, and Dissolved Oxygen (CTD-DO) casts were conducted at the same location following BATS protocols.</p>
<p>Only pristine salps, actively swimming, filtering, transparent, and free of abrasions, were used. Individuals were held for 12 hours to acclimate and confirm viability before experiments.</p>
<p><em><strong>Oxygen consumption</strong></em><br />
Measurements followed Trueblood (2019), using Firesting optodes (PyroScience GmbH, Aachen, Germany), 50 mL gas-tight syringes with 0.2 µm filtered seawater at 21°C (sea surface temperature) or 14°C (temperature at 200 m). Routine metabolic rate (RMR) was used, as spontaneous activity could not&nbsp;be controlled for salps in the respirometer. Background respiration, determined using blank syringes with the same filtered seawater, was subtracted from RMR.</p>
<p><em><strong>Critical oxygen partial pressure measurement</strong></em><br />
Critical partial pressure (P<em><sub>crit</sub></em>)<sub> </sub>was calculated using the calc_alpha and&nbsp; the calc_pcrit() function in the “respirometry” package in R (Birk, 2024)&nbsp;based on metabolic rate (R) as a function of PO<sub>2</sub> (Seibel et al., 2021).</p>
<p>All salps were placed in cryo-vials and stored at -80ºC at sea. Samples were thawed; wet and dry weights were measured on shore. After obtaining wet mass, individuals were dried for 72 hrs at 60 ºC and then weighed.</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-2409078 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=2409078
completed
Lloyd Trueblood
La Sierra University
4500 Riverwalk Pkwy
Riverside
CA
92505-3344
USA
lloyd.trueblood@lasierra.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
Latitude
Longitude
Sample_ID
Species
Form
Length
Weigh_boat_mass
Boat_plus_salp_mass
Net_Wet_Weight_salp
Dry_Weight_with_boat
Net_Dry_Weight_salp
Temperature
RMR
Notes
CTD with dissolved oxygen sensor
drying oven
Firesting optodes
miniSTAR-ODDI pressure and depth sensor
SeaGear Reeve net
scale/balance
50 mL gas-tight syringes
theme
None, User defined
latitude
longitude
sample identification
species scientific name (binomial)
sample description
length
mass
weight
water temperature at measurement depth
metabolic rate
comments
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
CTD Sea-Bird SBE 911plus
Drying Oven
Optode
Pressure Sensor
Reeve Net
scale or balance
syringe
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
AE2306
service
Deployment Activity
Bermuda
place
Locations
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
EMBRACE-OCE-Seed: Temperature and oxygen partial pressure effect on aerobic metabolism and carbon flux of vertically migrating salps
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/964988
EMBRACE-OCE-Seed: Temperature and oxygen partial pressure effect on aerobic metabolism and carbon flux of vertically migrating salps
<p>NSF abstract:<br />
Salps, a type of gelatinous zooplankton, play a significant role in the ocean’s ecosystems, particularly in food webs and carbon cycling. Found throughout the world’s oceans, salps can rapidly bloom, consuming vast amounts of local primary production and contributing substantially to carbon sequestration by transporting carbon to deep ocean layers. This project seeks to understand how changes in temperature and oxygen levels affect the metabolic rates and carbon export capabilities of salps. Understanding these impacts is crucial for accurate ocean carbon cycling models and can help predict future changes in marine ecosystems. This project will advance the field of marine biology by filling significant gaps in our understanding of salp physiology and their role in carbon cycling. It will also support the training and education of underrepresented groups in marine science by integrating undergraduate students, particularly from underrepresented communities, in hands-on research, thereby fostering the next generation of scientists.</p>
<p>Salps (subphylum Urochordata, class Thaliacea) are an often-overlooked lineage of zooplankton that play a major role in carbon sequestration exporting as much as 46% of net primary production via respiration and fecal pellet production out of the euphotic zone. Understanding salp physiology is critically important for building accurate ocean carbon cycling models. Yet, there is very limited data available on salp physiology, and almost none on the effect of temperature and oxygen concentration on rate processes such as routine aerobic metabolic rate (RMR). The proposed research will characterize changes in RMR of both blastozooids and oozooids of the three most dominant species of vertically migrating salps in the Sargasso Sea. Oxygen consumption will be measured at temperatures consistent with the surface and at 200 m depth. Individuals will be held in respirometers and allowed to breathe down oxygen to lowest detectable levels to examine the effect of oxygen partial pressure on RMR. The resulting data will be incorporated into previously published carbon flux models for Sargasso Sea salps to determine what effect temperature and oxygen have on their carbon flux. As ocean temperatures continue to change both temperature and oxygen concentration will become important constraints on aerobic capacity and will affect activity, growth, and reproduction. As these changes occur, a greater understanding of salp metabolic physiology will improve our ability to more accurately predict salp contributions to carbon flux, an area of priority research in the biological pump community. This study will benefit society by providing unprecedented insight into how salps’ metabolism and carbon flux are affected by changes in temperature and oxygen content during their daily vertical migrations as well as the impact that climate change may have on salp physiology.</p>
<p>This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.</p>
Metabolic physiology of Salps
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
biota
oceans
Bermuda
-64.167
-64.167
31.667
31.667
2023-03-18
2023-03-26
Temperate and subtropical waters including Sargasso Sea
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Routine metabolic rate (RMR) and critical partial pressure (Pcrit) measurements of Salpa fusiformis collected aboard R/V Atlantic Explorer cruise AE2306 in the Sargasso Sea in March 2023
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/983602.rdf
Name: Latitude
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Latitude of general sampling location</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/983603.rdf
Name: Longitude
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Longitude of general sampling location</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/983604.rdf
Name: Sample_ID
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Sample identification</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/983605.rdf
Name: Species
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Species</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/983606.rdf
Name: Form
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Which salp form was sampled (blastozooid or oozooid)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/983607.rdf
Name: Length
Units: millimeters (mm)
Description: <p>Body length down the centerline of the salp from anterior to posterior</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/983608.rdf
Name: Weigh_boat_mass
Units: milligrams (mg)
Description: <p>Mass of the empty weigh boat</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/983609.rdf
Name: Boat_plus_salp_mass
Units: milligrams (mg)
Description: <p>Mass of the weigh boat plus salp</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/983610.rdf
Name: Net_Wet_Weight_salp
Units: milligrams (mg)
Description: <p>Wet weight of the salp only (total - boat)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/983611.rdf
Name: Dry_Weight_with_boat
Units: milligrams (mg)
Description: <p>Weight of weigh boat and salp after drying</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/983612.rdf
Name: Net_Dry_Weight_salp
Units: milligrams (mg)
Description: <p>Dry weight of the salp</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/983613.rdf
Name: Temperature
Units: degrees Celsius (°C)
Description: <p>Temperature of the experimental incubation measured using the temperature probe on the Pyroscience Firesting optode</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/983614.rdf
Name: RMR
Units: micromoles per grams body mass per hour (µmol/g/hr)
Description: <p>Routine metabolic rate</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/983615.rdf
Name: Notes
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Lab comments</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2947
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/b7c6bd29-9cce-4d60-815b-3b75e007bcfd/content
download
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.969488.1
download
onLine
dataset
<p><em><strong>Sample collection</strong><br />
Salpa fusiformis </em>were collected in March 2023 aboard the R/V Atlantic Explorer (AE2306) during the monthly Bermuda Atlantic Time Series (BATS) cruise (31°50'N, 64°10'W). From 2023-03-19 to&nbsp;2023-03-26, nighttime tows were conducted using a 1 meter circular Reeve net with 150 µm mesh, a 20 L cod end, and a miniSTAR-ODDI pressure and depth sensor deployed to 200 m depth.&nbsp;Conductivity, Temperature, Density, and Dissolved Oxygen (CTD-DO) casts were conducted at the same location following BATS protocols.</p>
<p>Only pristine salps, actively swimming, filtering, transparent, and free of abrasions, were used. Individuals were held for 12 hours to acclimate and confirm viability before experiments.</p>
<p><em><strong>Oxygen consumption</strong></em><br />
Measurements followed Trueblood (2019), using Firesting optodes (PyroScience GmbH, Aachen, Germany), 50 mL gas-tight syringes with 0.2 µm filtered seawater at 21°C (sea surface temperature) or 14°C (temperature at 200 m). Routine metabolic rate (RMR) was used, as spontaneous activity could not&nbsp;be controlled for salps in the respirometer. Background respiration, determined using blank syringes with the same filtered seawater, was subtracted from RMR.</p>
<p><em><strong>Critical oxygen partial pressure measurement</strong></em><br />
Critical partial pressure (P<em><sub>crit</sub></em>)<sub> </sub>was calculated using the calc_alpha and&nbsp; the calc_pcrit() function in the “respirometry” package in R (Birk, 2024)&nbsp;based on metabolic rate (R) as a function of PO<sub>2</sub> (Seibel et al., 2021).</p>
<p>All salps were placed in cryo-vials and stored at -80ºC at sea. Samples were thawed; wet and dry weights were measured on shore. After obtaining wet mass, individuals were dried for 72 hrs at 60 ºC and then weighed.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p>Critical partial pressure (P<em><sub>crit</sub></em>)<sub> </sub>was calculated using the calc_alpha and&nbsp; the calc_pcrit() function in the “respirometry” package in R (Birk et al., 2021) based on metabolic rate (R) as a function of PO<sub>2</sub> (Seibel et al., 2021).&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</p>
<p><strong><em>Statistical analysis</em></strong><br />
Log-log power regressions of oxygen consumption vs. body mass were conducted using KaleidaGraph (Synergy Software, USA). An ANCOVA (R Foundation, Austria) tested the effect of temperature on RMR, controlling for body mass.&nbsp;The resulting rates were used to establish Q<sub>10</sub>, the effect of a 10°C change in temperature on metabolic rate.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
- Imported data from source files "2023 Bermuda Salp Masses v1.1.csv" and "Bermuda 2023 RMR data v1.1.csv" into the BCO-DMO data system.
- Joined the two data files into a single table
- combined the two columns for resting metabolic rate into a single column (RMR at 14 degrees C, RMR at 21 degrees C --> RMR), then added a new column for temperature
- Removed 'Mass Wet Weight(mg)' column from RMR data because it matched 'Net Wet Weight (mg)' column in Salp Masses data
Specified by BCO-DMO Data Managers
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
CTD with dissolved oxygen sensor
CTD with dissolved oxygen sensor
PI Supplied Instrument Name: CTD with dissolved oxygen sensor PI Supplied Instrument Description:Conductivity, Temperature, Density, and Dissolved Oxygen (CTD-DO) casts were conducted at the same location following BATS protocols. Instrument Name: CTD Sea-Bird SBE 911plus Instrument Short Name:CTD SBE 911plus Instrument Description: The Sea-Bird SBE 911 plus is a type of CTD instrument package for continuous measurement of conductivity, temperature and pressure. The SBE 911 plus includes the SBE 9plus Underwater Unit and the SBE 11plus Deck Unit (for real-time readout using conductive wire) for deployment from a vessel. The combination of the SBE 9 plus and SBE 11 plus is called a SBE 911 plus. The SBE 9 plus uses Sea-Bird's standard modular temperature and conductivity sensors (SBE 3 plus and SBE 4). The SBE 9 plus CTD can be configured with up to eight auxiliary sensors to measure other parameters including dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, fluorescence, light (PAR), light transmission, etc.). more information from Sea-Bird Electronics Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0058/
drying oven
drying oven
PI Supplied Instrument Name: drying oven PI Supplied Instrument Description:After obtaining wet mass, individuals were dried for 72 hrs at 60 ºC and then weighed. Instrument Name: Drying Oven Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: a heated chamber for drying
Firesting optodes
Firesting optodes
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Firesting optodes PI Supplied Instrument Description:Metabolic measurements used Firesting optodes (PyroScience GmbH, Aachen, Germany). Instrument Name: Optode Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: An optode or optrode is an optical sensor device that optically measures a specific substance usually with the aid of a chemical transducer.
miniSTAR-ODDI pressure and depth sensor
miniSTAR-ODDI pressure and depth sensor
PI Supplied Instrument Name: miniSTAR-ODDI pressure and depth sensor PI Supplied Instrument Description:A miniSTAR-ODDI pressure and depth sensor was used during nighttime tows along with a Reeve net Instrument Name: Pressure Sensor Instrument Short Name:Pressure Sensor Instrument Description: A pressure sensor is a device used to measure absolute, differential, or gauge pressures. It is used only when detailed instrument documentation is not available.
SeaGear Reeve net
SeaGear Reeve net
PI Supplied Instrument Name: SeaGear Reeve net PI Supplied Instrument Description:A circular Reeve net with 150 micron mesh with a 20 L cod end was used for collections. The Reeve net was manufactured by SeaGear, Melbourne FL, USA Instrument Name: Reeve Net Instrument Short Name:Reeve Net Instrument Description: A Reeve Net is a conventional ring net with a very large acrylic cylindrical cod-end (30 liters) designed to collect fragile gelatinous animals. The net is lowered to a particular depth and then hauled slowly back to the surface (5-10 m/min). Reeve (1981) also described a double net system with no bridle and flotation at the net mouth that is attached to a roller mechanism that rides on a tow wire.
The roller system is locked in place by a pressure release device. Once below a set pressure, the roller
and nets are released and they float slowly up the wire, gently collecting the zooplankton, without being
influenced by the motion of the vessel and associated vertical wire movements. (from Wiebe and Benfield, 2003) Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/NETT0147/
scale/balance
scale/balance
PI Supplied Instrument Name: scale/balance PI Supplied Instrument Description:After obtaining wet mass, individuals were dried for 72 hrs at 60 ºC and then weighed. Instrument Name: scale or balance Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: Devices that determine the mass or weight of a sample. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB13/
50 mL gas-tight syringes
50 mL gas-tight syringes
PI Supplied Instrument Name: 50 mL gas-tight syringes Instrument Name: syringe Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: A device used to inject fluids into or withdraw them from something; consists of a hollow barrel fitted with a plunger and a hollow needle.
Cruise: AE2306
AE2306
R/V Atlantic Explorer
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Atlantic Explorer
vessel
AE2306
Claire Medley
R/V Atlantic Explorer
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Atlantic Explorer
vessel