http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/970402
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2025-07-31
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Nitrogen isotopic ratios of individual amino acids extracted from size-fractionated particulate organic matter aboard the R/V Kilo Moana in February (cruise KM1407) and September (cruise KM1418) 2014 at Station ALOHA
2025-07-31
publication
2025-07-31
revision
Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)
2025-08-06
publication
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.970402.1
Hilary G. Close
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
principalInvestigator
Jeffrey C. Drazen
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
principalInvestigator
Brian N. Popp
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Close, H. G., Drazen, J. C., Popp, B. N., Wallsgrove, N. J., Grabb, K. C. (2025) Nitrogen isotopic ratios of individual amino acids extracted from size-fractionated particulate organic matter aboard the R/V Kilo Moana in February (cruise KM1407) and September (cruise KM1418) 2014 at Station ALOHA. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2025-07-31 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.970402.1 [access date]
Particle Amino Acid d15N Station ALOHA 2014 Dataset Description: Methods and Sampling: <p>Sampling was conducted onboard R/V Kilo Moana at Station ALOHA (22.75°, ‑158.0°) on February 19-28, 2014 (KM1407) and August 29-September 11, 2014 (KM1418). Five to six <em>in situ</em> pumps (WTS-LV standard, McLane Research Laboratories, Inc., East Falmouth, MA) were deployed with sequential 142&nbsp;mm-diameter filters mounted on tiered mini-MULVFS filter holders (Bishop et al. 2012) to capture submicron (0.2-0.7&nbsp;µm; sterile-packed polyethersulfone), small (0.7-53 or 1-53 µm; pre-combusted glass or quartz fiber filters), and large (&gt;53 µm; acid- and methanol-rinsed nylon mesh) particles. Pumps were deployed at depths from 25&nbsp;m to 1205&nbsp;m, pumping between ~400-2000&nbsp;L per deployment at rates of 3-8&nbsp;L&nbsp;min<sup>-1</sup>. Filters used in this study were stored in combusted foil and frozen at ‑80°C until further processing on land. Large particles captured on Nitex mesh were thawed briefly and resuspended in 0.2&nbsp;μm-filtered seawater; resuspended particles were gently vacuum-filtered onto a 47-mm glass fiber filter (GF/F; 0.7&nbsp;μm pore size), re-frozen, and lyophilized. Dried filters were inspected under a dissecting microscope to remove whole swimmers and loose Nitex fibers, both of which were rare, and to make qualitative observations such as presence of <em>Trichodesmium </em>and carbonate skeletal fragments. All filter samples were subsampled, lyophilized overnight, and quantitatively split by weight for bulk analysis, compound-specific isotope analysis of amino acids (CSIA-AA), and amino acid enantiomer analysis.</p>
<p>Bulk N concentrations and δ<sup>15</sup>N values were determined using a Costech Elemental Analyzer interfaced to a Thermo Delta Plus XP isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) using standard methods in the Popp Laboratory (University of Hawaii).</p>
<p>Amino acid&nbsp;preparation generally followed the methods of Hannides et al. (2009) and references therein. Filter solids were removed by filtering sample hydrolysate through combusted glass wool and 0.2&nbsp;μm polyethersulfone disc filters. Filter pieces were rinsed 3-5 times with 0.01&nbsp;N&nbsp;HCl during this process, and the sample was fully extracted by squeezing the filter pieces in a 5 or 10&nbsp;mL glass syringe plugged with glass wool. Amino acids were purified using cation exchange resin (50W-X8, 100-200 mesh, 1&nbsp;mL bed volume), eluting in 2&nbsp;N ammonium hydroxide, followed by reprotonation (0.2&nbsp;N HCl, 110°C, 5 minutes) and derivatization to trifluoroacetyl/isopropyl esters in a two-step procedure (esterification of carboxyl groups, 4:1 isopropanol/acetyl chloride, 110°C, 1 hour; trifluoroacetylation of amino groups, 3:1 dichloromethane/trifluoroacetic anhydride, 100°C, 15 minutes). Excess salts were removed by liquid-liquid extraction (chloroform/phosphate buffer), and the trifluoroacetylation step was repeated. Samples were stored in airtight vials at ‑20°C in between procedural steps. Immediately before analysis sample aliquots were dried under ultra-purity N<sub>2</sub> gas and redissolved in 6-50&nbsp;μL of ethyl acetate, depending on concentrations of AAs estimated from bulk N analysis. All glassware was pre-cleaned in 1.2&nbsp;N HCl and combusted at 500°C overnight before use.</p>
<p>AA δ<sup>15</sup>N analysis was conducted using a Thermo Trace gas chromatograph (GC) via a split/splitless inlet operated in splitless mode and equipped with a BPX5 column (SGE, Inc.). Individual amino acids were converted to N<sub>2</sub> gas via a two-stage Thermo GC-C-III combustion (980°C) and reduction (650°C) interface. N<sub>2</sub> sample gas was purified over a liquid nitrogen cold loop and directed into a Delta-V Plus IRMS.</p>
<p>δ<sup>15</sup>N values (‰ vs. AIR) were calculated by the Thermo Isodat 3.0 software, using reference gas peaks introduced into each run from an externally calibrated N<sub>2</sub> gas cylinder and/or using co-injected reference peaks of isotopically known norleucine and aminoadipic acid standards derivatized identically to samples. Instrument accuracy was determined by injecting a mixture of amino acids of known δ<sup>15</sup>N values every fourth injection and derivatized identically to samples. Individual AA δ<sup>15</sup>N values were calculated as the average across 2-3 analytical replicates, and 1σ uncertainty was calculated as the standard deviation of these analytical replicates. For some small particle samples, the reported δ<sup>15</sup>N values represent the average and standard deviation across sampling replicates (same depth and near/identical size fraction). These are indicated by data with values reported for the parameter ISO_DateTime_UTC_rep. In some cases, results were averaged for a 0.7-53 um size fraction and a 1-53 um size fraction. In these cases, the value for parameter Size_Fraction_Min is reported as 0.85.</p>
<p>AA concentrations were determined based on IRMS peak area response of individual AA standards and the amount of sample injected. Estimated seawater concentrations of nitrogen deriving from amino acids in particles (nmol N L<sup>-1</sup>) were determined as the sum of concentrations of all measured AAs.</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1333734 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1333734
completed
Hilary G. Close
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
305-421-4306 ext. 54306
46000 Rickenbacker Causeway
Miami
FL
33149
USA
hclose@miami.edu
pointOfContact
Jeffrey C. Drazen
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
808-956-6567
Department of Oceanography, SOEST 1000 Pope Road
Honolulu
HI
96822
USA
jdrazen@hawaii.edu
pointOfContact
Brian N. Popp
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
808-956-6206
Department of Earth Sciences 1680 East-West Road
Honolulu
HI
96822
USA
popp@hawaii.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
Cruise
Latitude
Longitude
ISO_DateTime_UTC
ISO_DateTime_UTC_rep
Date_local
Time_local
Depth
Size_Fraction_Min
Size_Fraction_Max
Volume_Filtered_AAd15N
d15N_Bulk
d15N_Ala
d15N_Gly
d15N_Thr
d15N_Ser
d15N_Val
d15N_Leu
d15N_Iso
d15N_Pro
d15N_Asx
d15N_Met
d15N_Glx
d15N_Phe
d15N_Tyr
d15N_Lys
SD_d15N_Bulk
SD_d15N_Ala
SD_d15N_Gly
SD_d15N_Thr
SD_d15N_Ser
SD_d15N_Val
SD_d15N_Leu
SD_d15N_Iso
SD_d15N_Pro
SD_d15N_Asx
SD_d15N_Met
SD_d15N_Glx
SD_d15N_Phe
SD_d15N_Tyr
SD_d15N_Lys
Bulk_N_Con
Total_AA_N_Conc
Costech Elemental Analyzer, Thermo Delta Plus XP
Thermo Trace gas chromatograph
WTS-LV standard, McLane Research Laboratories, Inc.
Delta-V Plus isotope ratio mass spectrometer.
theme
None, User defined
Cruise identfier
latitude
longitude
ISO_DateTime_UTC
date
time of day
depth
sample fraction (includes size fractions)
volume
d15N measured in biota
Nitrogen
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
Elemental Analyzer
Gas Chromatograph
McLane Pump
Thermo Fisher Scientific DELTA V Plus isotope ratio mass spectrometer
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
KM1407
KM1418
service
Deployment Activity
Central North Pacific, Station ALOHA
place
Locations
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
Evaluating the relative importance of suspended and sinking particles to the meso and bathypelagic food web in the central North Pacific
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/537123
Evaluating the relative importance of suspended and sinking particles to the meso and bathypelagic food web in the central North Pacific
<p><em>Description from NSF award abstract:</em><br />
The ocean's midwaters are the largest living space on the planet. The mesopelagic food web plays key roles in the biological carbon pump and the production of food for commercially harvested species, but its functioning is understudied because it is remote and technologically challenging to sample. Recent estimates indicate respiratory demand outstrips measured sinking particle supply by up to 2-3 orders of magnitude suggesting that some food inputs to the mesopelagic food web have been underestimated or missed. Suspended particles frequently are not sampled effectively and may be an overlooked food source. Because identifying the principal inputs of organic matter to the deep-sea food web is critical to understanding its function, the investigators propose to evaluate the relative importance of suspended and sinking particles to the meso- and bathypelagic food web in the central North Pacific. They will characterize the isotopic compositions of specific groups of mesopelagic and bathypelagic zooplankton and micronekton, and identify the extent to which they consume suspended or sinking particles using mass balance approaches. The investigators recently have recognized differences in delta 15N and delta 13C values of amino acids (AA) of sinking and suspended particles; these patterns diverge with depth, providing a means to distinguish between food web pathways. The research will define the source-specific isotopic values of suspended and sinking particles at several depths from the surface to the bathypelagic and test proposed microbial mechanisms driving these depth patterns. At corresponding depths, MOCNESS trawls will sample diverse metazoa: zooplankton size fractions, plus targeted resident, migrating and likely suspension-feeding taxa of zooplankton and micronekton. Preliminary data suggest that suspended particles are a secondary food source, containing less labile organic matter than sinking particles that exhibit a seasonal cycle in flux in the central North Pacific. This study will determine if suspended particles become more important to zooplankton and micronekton during a time of year when sinking particle flux is low (Jan/Feb) in comparison to when it is high (Aug), allowing an evaluation of how temporal change in surface ocean productivity affects the functioning of mesopelagic food webs.</p>
<p>Recent research has called for additional study of the ocean's deep midwaters. This study will provide new insights into the functioning of the meso- and bathypelagic food web and its coupling with surface ocean processes in the central North Pacific. The recently-demonstrated ecological tool of amino acid-specific isotopic analysis will provide a novel and comprehensive approach with which to address our hypotheses, and the project will develop the first AA isotopic dataset spanning particles to fish. Results will help identify the ecological underpinnings of increasing delta 15N values with depth in zooplankton -- apparently a common pattern. Zooplankton consumption of suspended particles also could constitute a mechanistic link between the microbial loop and higher trophic levels. The processes controlling the enormous attenuation of particle flux by mesopelagic consumers -- and thereby the strength of carbon sequestration to the deep ocean -- are not understood. Seasonal sampling will help us relate mesopelagic food web processes to changes in surface ocean productivity, furthering our understanding of future climate change impacts on deep-sea food webs and carbon flux. With regard to fisheries, many oceanic top predators such as tuna and swordfish feed on mesopelagic micronekton. A clearer understanding of the structure of mesopelagic food webs will help inform ecosystem models which are used to understand variation in fisheries production.</p>
SuspendSinkPart
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
biota
oceans
Central North Pacific, Station ALOHA
-158
-158
22.75
22.75
2014-02-19
2014-09-11
Subtropical waters north of Hawaii; Station Aloha (22° 45'N, 158° 00'W)
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Nitrogen isotopic ratios of individual amino acids extracted from size-fractionated particulate organic matter aboard the R/V Kilo Moana in February (cruise KM1407) and September (cruise KM1418) 2014 at Station ALOHA
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/970426.rdf
Name: Cruise
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Cruise designation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/970427.rdf
Name: Latitude
Units: Decimal degrees
Description: <p>Latitude of sampling, positive values = North</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/970429.rdf
Name: Longitude
Units: Decimal degrees
Description: <p>Longitude of sampling, negative values = West</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/970431.rdf
Name: ISO_DateTime_UTC
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Date and time (UTC) of sampling midpoint in ISO8601 format</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/970433.rdf
Name: ISO_DateTime_UTC_rep
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Date and time (UTC) of sampling midpoint of replicate averaged in this data point, in ISO8601 format</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/970434.rdf
Name: Date_local
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Sampling date (local)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/970435.rdf
Name: Time_local
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Sampling midpoint time (local)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/970436.rdf
Name: Depth
Units: meters (m)
Description: <p>Depth of pump deployment</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/970438.rdf
Name: Size_Fraction_Min
Units: micrometers (um)
Description: <p>Minimum size fraction captured on filter</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/970439.rdf
Name: Size_Fraction_Max
Units: micrometers (um)
Description: <p>Maximum size fraction captured on filter</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/970440.rdf
Name: Volume_Filtered_AAd15N
Units: liters (L)
Description: <p>Volume of water filtered through the filter for amino acid isotopic analysis</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/970441.rdf
Name: d15N_Bulk
Units: permil relative to AIR (‰)
Description: <p>The nitrogen isotopic composition of bulk particulate matter</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/970442.rdf
Name: d15N_Ala
Units: permil relative to AIR (‰)
Description: <p>The nitrogen isotopic composition of alanine</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/970443.rdf
Name: d15N_Gly
Units: permil relative to AIR (‰)
Description: <p>The nitrogen isotopic composition of glycine</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/970444.rdf
Name: d15N_Thr
Units: permil relative to AIR (‰)
Description: <p>The nitrogen isotopic composition of threonine</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/970445.rdf
Name: d15N_Ser
Units: permil relative to AIR (‰)
Description: <p>The nitrogen isotopic composition of serine</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/970446.rdf
Name: d15N_Val
Units: permil relative to AIR (‰)
Description: <p>The nitrogen isotopic composition of valine</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/970447.rdf
Name: d15N_Leu
Units: permil relative to AIR (‰)
Description: <p>The nitrogen isotopic composition of leucine</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/970448.rdf
Name: d15N_Iso
Units: permil relative to AIR (‰)
Description: <p>The nitrogen isotopic composition of isoleucine</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/970449.rdf
Name: d15N_Pro
Units: permil relative to AIR (‰)
Description: <p>The nitrogen isotopic composition of proline</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/970450.rdf
Name: d15N_Asx
Units: permil relative to AIR (‰)
Description: <p>The nitrogen isotopic composition of aspartic acid and asparagine</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/970451.rdf
Name: d15N_Met
Units: permil relative to AIR (‰)
Description: <p>The nitrogen isotopic composition of methionine</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/970452.rdf
Name: d15N_Glx
Units: permil relative to AIR (‰)
Description: <p>The nitrogen isotopic composition of glutamic acid and glutamine</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/970453.rdf
Name: d15N_Phe
Units: permil relative to AIR (‰)
Description: <p>The nitrogen isotopic composition of phenylalanine</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/970454.rdf
Name: d15N_Tyr
Units: permil relative to AIR (‰)
Description: <p>The nitrogen isotopic composition of tyrosine</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/970455.rdf
Name: d15N_Lys
Units: permil relative to AIR (‰)
Description: <p>The nitrogen isotopic composition of lysine</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/970456.rdf
Name: SD_d15N_Bulk
Units: permil relative to AIR (‰)
Description: <p>The standard deviation of the nitrogen isotopic composition of bulk particulate matter</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/970457.rdf
Name: SD_d15N_Ala
Units: permil relative to AIR (‰)
Description: <p>The standard deviation of the nitrogen isotopic composition of alanine</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/970458.rdf
Name: SD_d15N_Gly
Units: permil relative to AIR (‰)
Description: <p>The standard deviation of the nitrogen isotopic composition of glycine</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/970459.rdf
Name: SD_d15N_Thr
Units: permil relative to AIR (‰)
Description: <p>The standard deviation of the nitrogen isotopic composition of threonine</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/970460.rdf
Name: SD_d15N_Ser
Units: permil relative to AIR (‰)
Description: <p>The standard deviation of the nitrogen isotopic composition of serine</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/970461.rdf
Name: SD_d15N_Val
Units: permil relative to AIR (‰)
Description: <p>The standard deviation of the nitrogen isotopic composition of valine</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/970462.rdf
Name: SD_d15N_Leu
Units: permil relative to AIR (‰)
Description: <p>The standard deviation of the nitrogen isotopic composition of leucine</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/970463.rdf
Name: SD_d15N_Iso
Units: permil relative to AIR (‰)
Description: <p>The standard deviation of the nitrogen isotopic composition of isoleucine</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/970464.rdf
Name: SD_d15N_Pro
Units: permil relative to AIR (‰)
Description: <p>The standard deviation of the nitrogen isotopic composition of proline</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/970465.rdf
Name: SD_d15N_Asx
Units: permil relative to AIR (‰)
Description: <p>The standard deviation of the nitrogen isotopic composition of aspartic acid and asparagine</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/970466.rdf
Name: SD_d15N_Met
Units: permil relative to AIR (‰)
Description: <p>The standard deviation of the nitrogen isotopic composition of methionine</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/970467.rdf
Name: SD_d15N_Glx
Units: permil relative to AIR (‰)
Description: <p>The standard deviation of the nitrogen isotopic composition of glutamic acid and glutamine</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/970468.rdf
Name: SD_d15N_Phe
Units: permil relative to AIR (‰)
Description: <p>The standard deviation of the nitrogen isotopic composition of phenylalanine</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/970469.rdf
Name: SD_d15N_Tyr
Units: permil relative to AIR (‰)
Description: <p>The standard deviation of the nitrogen isotopic composition of tyrosine</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/970470.rdf
Name: SD_d15N_Lys
Units: permil relative to AIR (‰)
Description: <p>The standard deviation of the nitrogen isotopic composition of lysine</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/970471.rdf
Name: Bulk_N_Con
Units: nanomoles per liter (nmol/L)
Description: <p>Seawater concentration of nitrogen measured in bulk particulate matter</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/970472.rdf
Name: Total_AA_N_Conc
Units: nanomoles per liter (nmol/L)
Description: <p>Seawater concentration of nitrogen from summed amino acids in particulate matter</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
10403
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/ba59d36d-ad46-4365-8fac-d052545d431c/content
download
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.970402.1
download
onLine
dataset
<p>Sampling was conducted onboard R/V Kilo Moana at Station ALOHA (22.75°, ‑158.0°) on February 19-28, 2014 (KM1407) and August 29-September 11, 2014 (KM1418). Five to six <em>in situ</em> pumps (WTS-LV standard, McLane Research Laboratories, Inc., East Falmouth, MA) were deployed with sequential 142&nbsp;mm-diameter filters mounted on tiered mini-MULVFS filter holders (Bishop et al. 2012) to capture submicron (0.2-0.7&nbsp;µm; sterile-packed polyethersulfone), small (0.7-53 or 1-53 µm; pre-combusted glass or quartz fiber filters), and large (&gt;53 µm; acid- and methanol-rinsed nylon mesh) particles. Pumps were deployed at depths from 25&nbsp;m to 1205&nbsp;m, pumping between ~400-2000&nbsp;L per deployment at rates of 3-8&nbsp;L&nbsp;min<sup>-1</sup>. Filters used in this study were stored in combusted foil and frozen at ‑80°C until further processing on land. Large particles captured on Nitex mesh were thawed briefly and resuspended in 0.2&nbsp;μm-filtered seawater; resuspended particles were gently vacuum-filtered onto a 47-mm glass fiber filter (GF/F; 0.7&nbsp;μm pore size), re-frozen, and lyophilized. Dried filters were inspected under a dissecting microscope to remove whole swimmers and loose Nitex fibers, both of which were rare, and to make qualitative observations such as presence of <em>Trichodesmium </em>and carbonate skeletal fragments. All filter samples were subsampled, lyophilized overnight, and quantitatively split by weight for bulk analysis, compound-specific isotope analysis of amino acids (CSIA-AA), and amino acid enantiomer analysis.</p>
<p>Bulk N concentrations and δ<sup>15</sup>N values were determined using a Costech Elemental Analyzer interfaced to a Thermo Delta Plus XP isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) using standard methods in the Popp Laboratory (University of Hawaii).</p>
<p>Amino acid&nbsp;preparation generally followed the methods of Hannides et al. (2009) and references therein. Filter solids were removed by filtering sample hydrolysate through combusted glass wool and 0.2&nbsp;μm polyethersulfone disc filters. Filter pieces were rinsed 3-5 times with 0.01&nbsp;N&nbsp;HCl during this process, and the sample was fully extracted by squeezing the filter pieces in a 5 or 10&nbsp;mL glass syringe plugged with glass wool. Amino acids were purified using cation exchange resin (50W-X8, 100-200 mesh, 1&nbsp;mL bed volume), eluting in 2&nbsp;N ammonium hydroxide, followed by reprotonation (0.2&nbsp;N HCl, 110°C, 5 minutes) and derivatization to trifluoroacetyl/isopropyl esters in a two-step procedure (esterification of carboxyl groups, 4:1 isopropanol/acetyl chloride, 110°C, 1 hour; trifluoroacetylation of amino groups, 3:1 dichloromethane/trifluoroacetic anhydride, 100°C, 15 minutes). Excess salts were removed by liquid-liquid extraction (chloroform/phosphate buffer), and the trifluoroacetylation step was repeated. Samples were stored in airtight vials at ‑20°C in between procedural steps. Immediately before analysis sample aliquots were dried under ultra-purity N<sub>2</sub> gas and redissolved in 6-50&nbsp;μL of ethyl acetate, depending on concentrations of AAs estimated from bulk N analysis. All glassware was pre-cleaned in 1.2&nbsp;N HCl and combusted at 500°C overnight before use.</p>
<p>AA δ<sup>15</sup>N analysis was conducted using a Thermo Trace gas chromatograph (GC) via a split/splitless inlet operated in splitless mode and equipped with a BPX5 column (SGE, Inc.). Individual amino acids were converted to N<sub>2</sub> gas via a two-stage Thermo GC-C-III combustion (980°C) and reduction (650°C) interface. N<sub>2</sub> sample gas was purified over a liquid nitrogen cold loop and directed into a Delta-V Plus IRMS.</p>
<p>δ<sup>15</sup>N values (‰ vs. AIR) were calculated by the Thermo Isodat 3.0 software, using reference gas peaks introduced into each run from an externally calibrated N<sub>2</sub> gas cylinder and/or using co-injected reference peaks of isotopically known norleucine and aminoadipic acid standards derivatized identically to samples. Instrument accuracy was determined by injecting a mixture of amino acids of known δ<sup>15</sup>N values every fourth injection and derivatized identically to samples. Individual AA δ<sup>15</sup>N values were calculated as the average across 2-3 analytical replicates, and 1σ uncertainty was calculated as the standard deviation of these analytical replicates. For some small particle samples, the reported δ<sup>15</sup>N values represent the average and standard deviation across sampling replicates (same depth and near/identical size fraction). These are indicated by data with values reported for the parameter ISO_DateTime_UTC_rep. In some cases, results were averaged for a 0.7-53 um size fraction and a 1-53 um size fraction. In these cases, the value for parameter Size_Fraction_Min is reported as 0.85.</p>
<p>AA concentrations were determined based on IRMS peak area response of individual AA standards and the amount of sample injected. Estimated seawater concentrations of nitrogen deriving from amino acids in particles (nmol N L<sup>-1</sup>) were determined as the sum of concentrations of all measured AAs.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p>δ<sup>15</sup>N values (‰ vs. AIR) were calculated by the Thermo Isodat 3.0 software, using reference gas peaks introduced into each run from an externally calibrated N<sub>2</sub> gas cylinder and/or using co-injected reference peaks of isotopically known norleucine and aminoadipic acid standards derivatized identically to samples. Instrument accuracy was determined by injecting a mixture of amino acids of known δ<sup>15</sup>N values every fourth injection and derivatized identically to samples. Individual AA δ<sup>15</sup>N values were calculated as the average across 2-3 analytical replicates, and 1σ uncertainty was calculated as the standard deviation of these analytical replicates. For some small particle samples, the reported δ<sup>15</sup>N values represent the average and standard deviation across sampling replicates (same depth and near/identical size fraction). These are indicated by data with values reported for the parameter ISO_DateTime_UTC_rep. In some cases, results were averaged for a 0.7-53 um size fraction and a 1-53 um size fraction. In these cases, the value for parameter Size_Fraction_Min is reported as 0.85.</p>
<p>AA concentrations were determined based on IRMS peak area response of individual AA standards and the amount of sample injected. Estimated seawater concentrations of nitrogen deriving from amino acids in particles (nmol N L<sup>-1</sup>) were determined as the sum of concentrations of all measured AAs.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
- Imported "Close_ALOHA_particle_AA_bulk_d15N_initial_submission.xlsx" into the BCO-DMO system
- Replaced dashes with underscores in the parameter names
- Exported file as "970402_v1_aloha_particle_aa_bulk_d15n.csv"
Specified by BCO-DMO Data Managers
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
Costech Elemental Analyzer, Thermo Delta Plus XP
Costech Elemental Analyzer, Thermo Delta Plus XP
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Costech Elemental Analyzer, Thermo Delta Plus XP PI Supplied Instrument Description:Costech Elemental Analyzer, Thermo Delta Plus XP isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Used to determine nitrogen isotope ratios of bulk particle samples. Instrument Name: Elemental Analyzer Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: Instruments that quantify carbon, nitrogen and sometimes other elements by combusting the sample at very high temperature and assaying the resulting gaseous oxides. Usually used for samples including organic material. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB01/
Thermo Trace gas chromatograph
Thermo Trace gas chromatograph
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Thermo Trace gas chromatograph PI Supplied Instrument Description:Thermo Trace gas chromatograph, GC-C-III combustion/reduction interface, Delta-V Plus isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Used to determine nitrogen isotope ratios of individual amino acids purified from particle samples. Instrument Name: Gas Chromatograph Instrument Short Name:Gas Chromatograph Instrument Description: Instrument separating gases, volatile substances, or substances dissolved in a volatile solvent by transporting an inert gas through a column packed with a sorbent to a detector for assay. (from SeaDataNet, BODC) Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB02/
WTS-LV standard, McLane Research Laboratories, Inc.
WTS-LV standard, McLane Research Laboratories, Inc.
PI Supplied Instrument Name: WTS-LV standard, McLane Research Laboratories, Inc. PI Supplied Instrument Description:WTS-LV standard, McLane Research Laboratories, Inc., East Falmouth, MA. Used for particle collection. Instrument Name: McLane Pump Instrument Short Name:McLane Pump Instrument Description: McLane pumps sample large volumes of seawater at depth. They are attached to a wire and lowered to different depths in the ocean. As the water is pumped through the filter, particles suspended in the ocean are collected on the filters. The pumps are then retrieved and the contents of the filters are analyzed in a lab.
Delta-V Plus isotope ratio mass spectrometer.
Delta-V Plus isotope ratio mass spectrometer.
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Delta-V Plus isotope ratio mass spectrometer. PI Supplied Instrument Description:Thermo Trace gas chromatograph, GC-C-III combustion/reduction interface, Delta-V Plus isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Used to determine nitrogen isotope ratios of individual amino acids purified from particle samples. Instrument Name: Thermo Fisher Scientific DELTA V Plus isotope ratio mass spectrometer Instrument Short Name:Delta V Plus IRMS Instrument Description: The Thermo Scientific DELTA V Plus is an isotope ratio mass spectrometer designed to measure isotopic, elemental and molecular ratios of organic and inorganic compounds. The DELTA V Plus is an enhanced model of the DELTA V series of isotope ratio mass spectrometers, which can be upgraded from the DELTA V Advantage. The DELTA V Plus can be operated in Continuous Flow or Dual Inlet mode and can accommodate up to 10 collectors, ensuring flexibility to cover many applications. The DELTA V Plus is controlled by an automated, integrated Isodat software suite. A magnet, whose pole faces determine the free flight space for the ions, eliminates the traditional flight tube. The magnet is designed for fast mass switching which is further supported by a fast jump control between consecutive measurements of multiple gases within one run. The sample gas is introduced at ground potential, eliminating the need for insulation of the flow path, ensuring 100 percent transfer into the ion source. The amplifiers register ion beams up to 50 V. The DELTA V Plus has refined optics, enabling greater ion transmission than the DELTA V Advantage. It has a sensitivity of 800 molecules per ion (M/I) in Dual Inlet mode and 1100 M/I in Continuous Flow mode. It has a system stability of < 10 ppm and an effective magnetic detection radius of 191 nm. It has a mass range of 1 - 96 Dalton at 3 kV.
Cruise: KM1407
KM1407
R/V Kilo Moana
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Kilo Moana
vessel
KM1407
Jeffrey C. Drazen
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
Cruise: KM1418
KM1418
R/V Kilo Moana
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Kilo Moana
vessel
KM1418
Jeffrey C. Drazen
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
R/V Kilo Moana
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Kilo Moana
vessel