http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/982204
eng; USA
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dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2025-08-11
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Water quality parameters from discrete shoreline and transect sampling in West Maui (Lahaina area), Hawaiʻi, following the Lahaina Wildfires, Aug 2023 to Oct 2024
2025-09-02
publication
2025-09-02
revision
Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)
2025-10-15
publication
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.982204.1
Andrea Kealoha
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
principalInvestigator
Nicholas James Hawco
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
principalInvestigator
Eileen Nalley
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
principalInvestigator
Craig E. Nelson
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
principalInvestigator
Paulo H.R. Calil
Australian Institute of Marine Science
principalInvestigator
Gregory Masessa
University of Hawai'i Maui College
principalInvestigator
Trey Summers
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
principalInvestigator
Logan Tegler
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Kealoha, A., Calil, P. H., Hawco, N. J., Masessa, G., Mattos, J., Nalley, E., Nelson, C. E., Summers, T., Swift, S., Peterman, J., Rohrbaugh, N., Tegler, L. (2025) Water quality parameters from discrete shoreline and transect sampling in West Maui (Lahaina area), Hawaiʻi, following the Lahaina Wildfires, Aug 2023 to Oct 2024. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2025-09-02 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.982204.1 [access date]
Shoreline Grab and Autosampler Samples after Lahaina Wildfires 2023-2024 Dataset Description: Methods and Sampling: <h2>Sample Methods</h2>
<p>Water samples were all collected in West Maui in and around reef systems that were within and adjacent to the burn zone of the Lahaina fires. Samples were collected in impacted areas within the affected burn zone, control sites outside of the burned urban area (Kahekili, approximately 4km to the north of the burn extent, and Olowalu, approximately 8km to the south), Lahaina Harbor, streams, transect sampling, and other opportunistic sampling detailed in dataset.&nbsp;Some autonomous sampling data from before the fire event are also included in the dataset.</p>
<p>All shoreline water samples were collected using a 1.5L niskin bottle that was manually closed. Sites were either off a dock (ei. Harbor site) or swam to with a niskin and CTD in hand. PharMed BPT tubing was attached to the niskin bottle and each sample bottle was rinsed 3 times with sample water before filled. Nutrient samples were placed immediately on ice and were frozen as soon as possible. Carbon chemistry samples were poisoned with mercuric chloride. All samples were placed into a cooler with ice until they were organized at the end of the field collection day.</p>
<p>Transect samples were collected by lowering a 1.5L off of the boat and sampling the same as the shoreline. Metal samples were collected by assembling&nbsp; a 10' polyvinylchloride pole to collect non-contaminated samples away from the vessel.</p>
<p>Boat transect sampling was done twice a day on two dates,&nbsp;2023-10-07 and&nbsp;2024-01-27. These were done at sites L1-L15. Between&nbsp;2023-10-07 and&nbsp;2024-10-23 shoreline samples were taken for sites SH1-SH11. Between&nbsp;2023-10-07 and&nbsp;2024-08-04, an autosampler was used at&nbsp;Kahekili Beach Park (KBP) and Mala Point (M).</p>
<p><!--StartFragment-->Autosampler samples were collected using a custom built device. Tedlar bags were attached to the autosampler channels and were pre-poisoned with mercuric chloride. Some<!--EndFragment--></p>
<h2>Sampling Dates</h2>
<ul>
<li>Dates for boat transect sample data:&nbsp;Two time sampling single day samplings for site L1-L15
<ul>
<li>2023-10-07</li>
<li>2024-01-27</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Dates for shoreline water sample data:&nbsp;Samples were collected in two day intervals from the shoreline of the listed sites (SH1-SH11) in West Maui spanning from Olowalu to Kahekili.
<ul>
<li>2023-10-07 to 2023-10-08</li>
<li>2023-11-13&nbsp;to&nbsp;2023-11-14</li>
<li>2023-11-30&nbsp;to&nbsp;2023-12-02</li>
<li>2024-01-10&nbsp;to&nbsp;2024-01-11</li>
<li>2024-01-27&nbsp;to&nbsp;2024-01-28</li>
<li>2024-05-10&nbsp;to&nbsp;2024-05-11</li>
<li>2024-08-03&nbsp;to&nbsp;2024-08-04</li>
<li>2024-10-23</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Dates for autosampler data: Samples collected at sites&nbsp;Kahekili Beach Park (KBP) and Mala Point (M) (SH5 and SH8)
<ul>
<li>2023-10-07 to 2023-10-09</li>
<li>2023-12-01 to 2023-12-03</li>
<li>2024-01-10 to 2024-01-11</li>
<li>2024-01-26 to 2024-01-28</li>
<li>2024-05-09 to 2024-05-11</li>
<li>2024-08-02 to 2024-08-04</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>Sampling Locations</h2>
<p>Stations and locations are listed in the table below.</p>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Site Name</td>
<td>Sampling Method</td>
<td>Latitude</td>
<td>Longitude</td>
<td>Description</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LH1</td>
<td>Boat Transect</td>
<td>20.87047</td>
<td>-156.68083</td>
<td>Transect from Mala Point</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LH2</td>
<td>Boat Transect</td>
<td>20.85898</td>
<td>-156.69733</td>
<td>Transect from Mala Point</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LH3</td>
<td>Boat Transect</td>
<td>20.85047</td>
<td>-156.71147</td>
<td>Transect from Mala Point</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LH4</td>
<td>Boat Transect</td>
<td>20.84282</td>
<td>-156.72745</td>
<td>Transect from Mala Point</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LH5</td>
<td>Boat Transect</td>
<td>20.83527</td>
<td>-156.74414</td>
<td>Transect from Mala Point</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LH6</td>
<td>Boat Transect</td>
<td>20.86227</td>
<td>-156.67637</td>
<td>Transect from Mala Point</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LH7</td>
<td>Boat Transect</td>
<td>20.85582</td>
<td>-156.66966</td>
<td>Transect from Mala Point</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LH8</td>
<td>Boat Transect</td>
<td>20.84885</td>
<td>-156.66361</td>
<td>Transect from Mala Point</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LH9</td>
<td>Boat Transect</td>
<td>20.84178</td>
<td>-156.65714</td>
<td>Transect from Mala Point</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LH10</td>
<td>Boat Transect</td>
<td>20.8357</td>
<td>-156.65101</td>
<td>Transect from Mala Point</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LH11</td>
<td>Boat Transect</td>
<td>20.83012</td>
<td>-156.6436</td>
<td>Transect from Mala Point</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LH12</td>
<td>Boat Transect</td>
<td>20.82372</td>
<td>-156.63602</td>
<td>Transect from Mala Point</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LH13</td>
<td>Boat Transect</td>
<td>20.8148</td>
<td>-156.63056</td>
<td>Transect from Mala Point</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LH14</td>
<td>Boat Transect</td>
<td>20.80798</td>
<td>-156.62518</td>
<td>Transect from Mala Point</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LH15</td>
<td>Boat Transect</td>
<td>20.80434</td>
<td>-156.61567</td>
<td>Transect from Mala Point</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SH1</td>
<td>Shoreline Sampling</td>
<td>20.865082</td>
<td>-156.673642</td>
<td>Shark pit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SH2</td>
<td>Shoreline Sampling</td>
<td>20.872221</td>
<td>-156.678991</td>
<td>Ferry pier</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SH3</td>
<td>Shoreline Sampling</td>
<td>20.871976</td>
<td>-156.67873</td>
<td>Harbor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SH4</td>
<td>Shoreline Sampling</td>
<td>20.880425</td>
<td>-156.685162</td>
<td>Baby beach</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SH5</td>
<td>Shoreline Sampling</td>
<td>20.883216</td>
<td>-156.687382</td>
<td>Mala point</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SH6</td>
<td>Shoreline Sampling</td>
<td>20.887829</td>
<td>-156.684862</td>
<td>Mala Tavern</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SH7</td>
<td>Shoreline Sampling</td>
<td>20.902508</td>
<td>-156.684888</td>
<td>Wahikuli</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SH8</td>
<td>Shoreline Sampling</td>
<td>20.936749</td>
<td>-156.692258</td>
<td>Kahekili</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SH9</td>
<td>Shoreline Sampling</td>
<td>20.809339</td>
<td>-156.607049</td>
<td>Olowalu beach</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SH10</td>
<td>Shoreline Sampling</td>
<td>20.885432</td>
<td>-156.686466</td>
<td>Kahoma outflow beach</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SH11</td>
<td>Shoreline Sampling</td>
<td>20.860466</td>
<td>-156.667369</td>
<td>Kauaula stream bridge</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kahekili Beach Park (KBP)</td>
<td>Autosampler</td>
<td>20.93727</td>
<td>-156.69351</td>
<td>Kahekili Beach Park (KBP)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Mala Point (M)</td>
<td>Autosampler</td>
<td>20.883216</td>
<td>-156.687382</td>
<td>Mala Point (M)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2>Sample Analysis</h2>
<p><strong>a. Carbon Chemistry (μmol/L): </strong>One sample is collected for the analysis of TA and DIC and a second is collected for DOC. TA/DIC is collected by submerging a niskin bottle just below the surface of the water and collecting a sub sample. A piece of PharMed BPT tubing is attached to the niskin bottle and placed on the bottom of a 250mL VWR narrow mouth glass bottle and rinsed and dumped three times.&nbsp;Each sample is poisoned with 0.1 mL of mercuric chloride and the glass topper is sealed with Apiezon L Vacuum Grease and a snap-grip clamp.</p>
<p><strong>a.1.Total Alkalinity (TA):</strong> Alkalinity determination using the Gran titration method. Alkalinity is determined by the amount of acid (in mol/kg or mol/L) needed to titrate a water sample to the CO2 equivalence point (about 4.4) at which all inorganic carbon species are converted to CO2 in seawater.&nbsp;Measurements validated with Dickson CO2 Certified Reference Material.</p>
<p><strong>a.2. Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC): </strong>All species of carbon are transformed into CO2 and the resulting CO2 gas is purged from the water sample by the pure nitrogen (N2) carrier gas and use only a single certified reference material to make a three-point calibration line or broken line.&nbsp;Apollo Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Analyzer Model AS-C5 was calibrated with Dickson CO2 Certified Reference Material.</p>
<p><strong>a.3. Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC): </strong>Water for TOC analysis was collected in 40 mL&nbsp;amber Volatile Organic Analysis (VOA) vials with silicone septum caps. TOC was measured on a Shimadzu TOC-L Combustion analyzer. Water samples were not filtered prior to collection and included both dissolved and particulate organic carbon.</p>
<p><strong>a.4 Total Organic Carbon (TOC): </strong>Water samples were analyzed for total organic carbon (TOC). Water for TOC analysis was collected in 40 mL&nbsp;amber Volatile Organic Analysis (VOA) vials with silicone septum caps. Prior to sampling, vials and caps were acid washed with 10% HCl and vials were combusted at 450°C for 4 hours. Prior to collection, sample vials and caps were triple rinsed with sample water. Vials were filled to the shoulder with sample water and then acidified to a pH of ~2 via dropwise addition of 12M hydrochloric acid.</p>
<p><strong>b. Trace Metals:</strong><em><strong>&nbsp;</strong></em>Samples for dissolved and total dissolvable metal concentrations were collected in acid washed polyethylene bottles, which were rinsed 3 times before filling. During offshore sampling, a 10' polyvinyl chloride pole was assembled to collect non-contaminated samples away from the vessel. During shore sampling, bottles were filled from upstream waters and closed immediately after filling. Samples for dissolved metals were vacuum filtered using a 0.2 um polyethersulfone membrane.&nbsp;Samples for total dissolvable metals were not filtered. Both filtered and unfiltered samples were acidified to a pH of 1.8 using ultra high purity hydrochloric acid and stored for several weeks prior to analysis.</p>
<p>For dissolved iron, zinc, nickel, copper, cadmium, and lead, samples were subject to preconcentration using a SeaFAST S2 system (Elemental Scientific) after addition of an isotope spike to track sample recovery. 10 mL of samples were preconcentration into 0.75 mL and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) using an iCAP-TQ instrument (Thermo Fisher Scientific) using O2 as a collision gas. Pre-concentration blanks were assessed by measuring high purity (18.2 M-Ohm cm-1) water after passing through the SeaFAST system and subtracted from measured values.</p>
<p>For dissolved Mn, Ba, V, and As, and all total dissolvable measurements, samples were also measured by ICP-MS, but after dilution in 0.1 M nitric acid with In as an internal standard. These samples were calibrated diluted multi-element standard (Inorganic Ventures) with matrix-matched seawater collected from offshore waters in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre.&nbsp;</p>
<p>For dissolved metals analyzed by both procedures, CASS7 and NASS5 seawater reference materials were measured to ensure accuracy of calibrations. No standards are available for total dissolvable metal measurements.&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>c. Metabolomics:</strong> For untargeted LC-MS/MS, 200 mL&nbsp;water samples were acidified to pH2 and collected on solid phase extraction cartridges with a 60mg HLB resin bed. Cartridges were eluted using 2 mL&nbsp;of LC/MS grade methanol, evaporated to dryness, and redissolved in 100 µL&nbsp;of 80:20:1 Methanol/water/formic acid. Samples were run in data dependent acquisition mode on an Orbitrap Exploris MS/MS coupled to a Vanquish Flex UHPLC using a Kinetex® 1.7 µm C18 150 x 2.1 mm Column and C18 guard column.&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>d. Nutrients:</strong> Nutrient samples were collected by rinsing a previously acid washed 125 mL Nalgene HDPE bottle three times with surface water and next filled leaving room on the top to allow freezing. Samples are immediately placed in a dark cooler on ice and frozen at the end of the sampling day. Samples are removed from the freezer the night before analyzing and are slowly defrosted in a dark environment.&nbsp;Measurements were validated with Kanso Certified Reference Material.</p>
<p><strong>d.1. Nitrate and Nitrite:</strong> Method no. A-044-19 Rev.5: Nitrate is reduced to Nitrite at pH 7.5 in a copperized cadmium coil. Nitrite is reduced with sulfanilamide to form a diazo compound that then couples with N-(1-Naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride to form an azo dye that is measured at the absorbance of 540 nm.</p>
<p><strong>d.2 Phosphate:</strong> Method no. A-005-19 Rev.3:ortho-phosphate, molybdate, and antimony form a blue color followed by the reduction with ascorbic acid at pH &lt;1. This reduced blue phospho-molybdenum complex is read at the absorbance of 880 nm.</p>
<p><strong>d.3 Silicate:</strong> Method no. A-006-19 Rev.4: silico-molybdate is reduced in an acidic solution of molybdenum blue by ascorbic acid. Oxalic acid is added prior to ascorbic acid to reduce&nbsp;interference from phosphates.</p>
<p><strong>d.4 Ammonia:</strong> G-327-05 Rev 9: sample is reacted with o-phthalaldehyde at 75 °C with a borate buffer and sodium sulfite and analyzed at an absorbance of 460 nm following excitation at 370 nm.</p>
<p><strong>e. Fluorescence Dissolved Organic Matter (fDOM):</strong>&nbsp;Water for fDOM analysis was collected in acid washed 20 mL&nbsp;glass vials with urea caps. Vials and caps were triple rinsed with sample water prior to collecting each sample and stored at 4 °C. 3 ml subsamples were transferred into 1 cm quartz cuvettes, which were then loaded into the fluorometer. Excitation-Emission Matrices (EEMS) were generated with excitation values ranging from 240 nm to 500 nm and emission values were measured ranging from 250 nm to 825 nm.&nbsp;These included M:C (Burdigee et al. 2004), FI (McKnight et al. 2001), BIX (Huguet et al. 2009), HIX (Zsolnay et al. 1999), M, A, C, T, and B (Coble 1996).</p>
<p><strong>f. Flow cytometry:</strong> Water samples were analyzed for bacterial counts using flow cytometry. Water for flow cytometry was subsampled from triple rinsed and acid washed 1L polycarbonate bottles. For each sample, a 1 mL&nbsp;subsample was transferred via pipette to a 2mL&nbsp;screw cap tube. Samples were preserved&nbsp;with17 µL&nbsp;of 32% paraformaldehyde, for a final concentration of 0.5% paraformaldehyde in each sample. During field collection, samples were stored on ice in the dark. To avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, flow cytometry samples were preserved at 4°C for a period of up to 48 hours while in the field prior to long term storage at -80°C. For analysis, 275 µL&nbsp;aliquots from each sample were transferred to 96-well optically clear flat bottom plates. Each sample was stained with 7 µL&nbsp;of Hoechst stain following Selph&nbsp;(2021). Samples were analyzed on a CytoFlex flow cytometry. Gates were established empirically to generate counts of 4 distinct populations of marine microorganisms: heterotrophic bacteria, large autotrophs, small autotrophs, all autotrophs.&nbsp;</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-2345201 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=2345201
completed
Andrea Kealoha
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
andreake@hawaii.edu
pointOfContact
Nicholas James Hawco
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
1000 Pope Road
Honolulu
HI
96822-2234
USA
hawco@hawaii.edu
pointOfContact
Eileen Nalley
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
enalley@hawaii.edu
pointOfContact
Craig E. Nelson
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
805-705-3497
Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research & Education Dept of Oceanography & UH Sea Grant
Honolulu
HI
96822
USA
cen@hawaii.edu
pointOfContact
Paulo H.R. Calil
Australian Institute of Marine Science
p.calil@aims.gov.au
pointOfContact
Gregory Masessa
University of Hawai'i Maui College
masessag@hawaii.edu
pointOfContact
Trey Summers
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
treys@hawaii.edu
pointOfContact
Logan Tegler
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
tegler@hawaii.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
date
ISO_DateTime_UTC
ISO_DateTime_Local_HST
collection
uniqueID
station
sampling_trip
description
tide
station_platform
station_category
lat
lon
metal
fcm
fdom
hlb
doc
nutrients
dic
sediment
comments
trip_description
date_description
NO3_NO2_umolL
NO2_umolL
SiO2_umolL
PO4_umolL
NH3_umolL
d_metal
dFe_nM
dZn_nM
dCd_nM
dNi_nM
dCu_nM
dPb_nM
dAs_nM
dMn_nM
dV_nM
dBa_nM
metal_seafast_comment
td_metal
tdAs_nM
tdPb_nM
tdMn_nM
tdCo_nM
tdCu_nM
tdZn_nM
tdCd_nM
tdNi_nM
tdFe_nM
tdAl_nM
tdTi_nM
tdV_nM
tdCr_nM
tdBa_nM
metal_diluted_comment
CobleA
CobleB
CobleC
CobleM
CobleT
Stedmon_D
BIX
HIX
FI
M_to_C
Lignin
dic_temperature
dic_salinity
dic_umol_kg
ta_umol_kg
n_dic
n_ta
ph
f_co2
p_co2
arag_sat
hetero_bact_per_ul
sm_autotroph_per_ul
lg_autotroph_per_ul
all_autotroph_per_ul
NPOC_mgL
TN_mgL
NPOC_uM
TN_uM
rainfall_24hr
rainfall_48hr
rainfall_1wk
mean_discharge
mean_gauge_height
Apollo Total Alkalinity Titrator Model AS-ALK3
SonTek CastAway-CTD
CytoFlex flow cytometry
Horiba Aqualog scanning fluorometer
Apollo Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Analyzer Model AS-C5
Orbitrap Exploris MS/MS
niskin bottle
SEAL AA500
SeaFAST S2 system (Elemental Scientific), ICP-MS
Shimadzu TOC-L Combustion analyzer
theme
None, User defined
date
ISO_DateTime_UTC
ISO_DateTime_Local
station
sample identification
sample description
site description
sampling_method
latitude
longitude
flag
activity and comments
nitrate plus nitrite
Nitrite
silicate, silicon dioxide SiO2
reactive phosphorus (PO4)
Ammonia
Iron
Zinc
Cadmium
Nickel
Copper
Lead
arsenic
Manganese
Vanadium
Barium
comments
Cobalt
Aluminum
Titanium
Chromium
fluorescence
phenol
water temperature at measurement depth
salinity from CTD
dissolved inorganic Carbon
total alkalinity (TA)
pH
flux
Partial pressure of CO2
Aragonite Saturation State
bacterial abundance
count
organic carbon
Nitrogen
precip_level
flow rate
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
Apollo SciTech Model AS-ALK3 total alkalinity titrator
CTD - fixed
Flow Cytometer
Fluorometer
Inorganic Carbon Analyzer
Mass Spectrometer
Niskin bottle
Nutrient Autoanalyzer
SeaFAST Automated Preconcentration System
Shimadzu TOC-L Analyzer
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
RAPID: Coral reef stress responses to an urban fire
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/939628
RAPID: Coral reef stress responses to an urban fire
<p><em><strong>NSF Award Abstract:</strong></em><br />
Maui’s coral reefs support subsistence, recreational, and commercial fishing, particularly for the large Native Hawaiian population. In August 2023, hurricane winds and low humidity combined with the recent drought to cause an unprecedented fire in Lahaina, an urban coastal town on the island of Maui. The fire quickly burned over 2170 acres and 2200 structures, releasing ash, particulate matter and potentially toxic materials into the adjacent coastal waters. This project provides novel information on the ecological impacts of wildfires to coral reefs to aid in climate change adaptation and emergency response planning. Cultural perspectives and traditional knowledge of Native Hawaiian community members are incorporated throughout the research process. The project directly supports four students, including a Native Hawaiian student, to participate in activities including field work, data collection, analyses and interpretation, and communication of research results.</p>
<p>A wildfire in an urban city located adjacent to a coral reef is unprecedented but may become more common as expanding shoreline development intersects with potentially increased fire risk with climate change. The overall objective of this study is to examine the direct effects of urban wildfires and associated potential stressors - such as reduced water quality, acidification, hypoxia, and heavy metals - on coral reef ecosystem function and the potential for regime shifts favoring benthic algae instead of corals. Using the 2023 Lahaina wildfire as a case study, the project employs a “before-after control-impact” design to compare three west Maui reefs both affected and unaffected by wildfire, with special attention to the anticipated remobilization of organic matter, toxic compounds (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and metals following rain events in autumn. Physical and chemical water parameters will constrain the reef-scale carbon cycle and coral metabolism before, during and after runoff events to document the ecological responses to urban fire impacts. This project will support three Early Career Researchers, contribute toward research training for multiple graduate and undergraduate students, and provide valuable information about contaminants and water quality to a community that relies heavily on coral reef resources.</p>
Reef stress urban fire
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
-156.74414
-156.60705
20.80434
20.95075
2023-01-26
2024-10-23
Lahaina, Maui, Hawaiʻi
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Water quality parameters from discrete shoreline and transect sampling in West Maui (Lahaina area), Hawaiʻi, following the Lahaina Wildfires, Aug 2023 to Oct 2024
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987061.rdf
Name: date
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Date of sample collection</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987062.rdf
Name: ISO_DateTime_UTC
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Date and time when the sample was collected in UTC</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987064.rdf
Name: ISO_DateTime_Local_HST
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Date and time when the sample was collected in local time, Hawai’i Standard Time (HST)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987065.rdf
Name: collection
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Identifier with station number and date of collection</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987066.rdf
Name: uniqueID
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Unique sample identifier</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987067.rdf
Name: station
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Sampling station code (e.g., “HR4,” “L10”)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987068.rdf
Name: sampling_trip
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Sequential number of the sampling campaign</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987069.rdf
Name: description
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Description of sampling location</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987070.rdf
Name: tide
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Stage of tidal cycle, ebb or flood</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987071.rdf
Name: station_platform
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Type of sampling, e.g. shoreline, transect</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987072.rdf
Name: station_category
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Indicates if sample was collected on a transect cruise (Transect), by a control site (Control), by an impacted site (Impact), in a harbor area (Harbor Area), near a stream (Stream), was an opportunistic sampling (Opportunistic), or was collected by an autosampler (autosampler)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987073.rdf
Name: lat
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Latitude of the site</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987075.rdf
Name: lon
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Longitude of the site</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987077.rdf
Name: metal
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Indicates whether this analysis type was performed on this sample (yes/no)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987078.rdf
Name: fcm
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Indicates whether this analysis type was performed on this sample (yes/no)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987079.rdf
Name: fdom
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Indicates whether this analysis type was performed on this sample (yes/no)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987080.rdf
Name: hlb
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Indicates whether this analysis type was performed on this sample (yes/no)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987081.rdf
Name: doc
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Indicates whether this analysis type was performed on this sample (yes/no)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987082.rdf
Name: nutrients
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Indicates whether this analysis type was performed on this sample (yes/no)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987083.rdf
Name: dic
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Indicates whether this analysis type was performed on this sample (yes/no)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987084.rdf
Name: sediment
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Indicates whether this analysis type was performed on this sample (yes/no)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987085.rdf
Name: comments
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Additional comments on sample collection</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987086.rdf
Name: trip_description
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Descriptive name of sampling date</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987087.rdf
Name: date_description
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Descriptive name of sampling date</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987088.rdf
Name: NO3_NO2_umolL
Units: umol/L
Description: <p>Nitrate + Nitrite concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987089.rdf
Name: NO2_umolL
Units: umol/L
Description: <p>Nitrite concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987090.rdf
Name: SiO2_umolL
Units: umol/L
Description: <p>Silicate concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987091.rdf
Name: PO4_umolL
Units: umol/L
Description: <p>Phosphate concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987092.rdf
Name: NH3_umolL
Units: umol/L
Description: <p>Ammonia concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987093.rdf
Name: d_metal
Units: n/a
Description: <p>Indicates whether dissolved metals were analyzed for this sample(yes/no)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987094.rdf
Name: dFe_nM
Units: nM
Description: <p>Dissolved iron concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987095.rdf
Name: dZn_nM
Units: nM
Description: <p>Dissolved zinc concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987096.rdf
Name: dCd_nM
Units: nM
Description: <p>Dissolved cadmium concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987097.rdf
Name: dNi_nM
Units: nM
Description: <p>Dissolved nickel concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987098.rdf
Name: dCu_nM
Units: nM
Description: <p>Dissolved copper concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987099.rdf
Name: dPb_nM
Units: nM
Description: <p>Dissolved lead concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987100.rdf
Name: dAs_nM
Units: nM
Description: <p>Dissolved arsenic concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987101.rdf
Name: dMn_nM
Units: nM
Description: <p>Dissolved manganese concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987102.rdf
Name: dV_nM
Units: nM
Description: <p>Dissolved vanadium concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987103.rdf
Name: dBa_nM
Units: nM
Description: <p>Dissolved barium concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987104.rdf
Name: metal_seafast_comment
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Comment on metal concentrations</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987105.rdf
Name: td_metal
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Indicates whether this particular parameter was analyzed for this unique sample (yes/no)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987106.rdf
Name: tdAs_nM
Units: nM
Description: <p>Total dissolvable arsenic concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987107.rdf
Name: tdPb_nM
Units: nM
Description: <p>Total dissolvable lead concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987108.rdf
Name: tdMn_nM
Units: nM
Description: <p>Total dissolvable manganese concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987109.rdf
Name: tdCo_nM
Units: nM
Description: <p>Total dissolvable cobalt concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987110.rdf
Name: tdCu_nM
Units: nM
Description: <p>Total dissolvable copper concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987111.rdf
Name: tdZn_nM
Units: nM
Description: <p>Total dissolvable zinc concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987112.rdf
Name: tdCd_nM
Units: nM
Description: <p>Total dissolvable cadmium concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987113.rdf
Name: tdNi_nM
Units: nM
Description: <p>Total dissolvable nickel concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987114.rdf
Name: tdFe_nM
Units: nM
Description: <p>Total dissolvable iron concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987115.rdf
Name: tdAl_nM
Units: nM
Description: <p>Total dissolvable aluminum concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987116.rdf
Name: tdTi_nM
Units: nM
Description: <p>Total dissolvable titanium concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987117.rdf
Name: tdV_nM
Units: nM
Description: <p>Total dissolvable vanadium concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987118.rdf
Name: tdCr_nM
Units: nM
Description: <p>Total dissolvable chromium concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987119.rdf
Name: tdBa_nM
Units: nM
Description: <p>Total dissolvable barium concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987120.rdf
Name: metal_diluted_comment
Units: n/a
Description: <p>Comment on metal concentrations</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987121.rdf
Name: CobleA
Units: Raman Units
Description: <p>Fluorescence intensity for peak A of dissolved organic matter (DOM), per Coble 1996.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987122.rdf
Name: CobleB
Units: Raman Units
Description: <p>Fluorescence intensity for peak B of dissolved organic matter (DOM), per Coble 1996.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987123.rdf
Name: CobleC
Units: Raman Units
Description: <p>Fluorescence intensity for peak C of dissolved organic matter (DOM), per Coble 1996.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987124.rdf
Name: CobleM
Units: Raman Units
Description: <p>Fluorescence intensity for peak M of dissolved organic matter (DOM), per Coble 1996.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987125.rdf
Name: CobleT
Units: Raman Units
Description: <p>Fluorescence intensity for peak T of dissolved organic matter (DOM), per Coble 1996.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987126.rdf
Name: Stedmon_D
Units: Raman Units
Description: <p>Fluorescence component D (humic-like DOM) derived from PARAFAC model (Stedmon & Markager 2005)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987127.rdf
Name: BIX
Units: Raman Units
Description: <p>BIX (biological index) measurements</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987128.rdf
Name: HIX
Units: Raman Units
Description: <p>HIX (humification index) measurements</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987129.rdf
Name: FI
Units: Raman Units
Description: <p>FI (fluorescence index) measurements</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987130.rdf
Name: M_to_C
Units: Raman Units
Description: <p>M:C peak ratio measurements</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987131.rdf
Name: Lignin
Units: Raman Units
Description: <p>Concentration of lignin-derived phenols</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987132.rdf
Name: dic_temperature
Units: Celcius
Description: <p>Temperature in Celsius used for DIC</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987133.rdf
Name: dic_salinity
Units: psu
Description: <p>Salinity measurement with CTD</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987134.rdf
Name: dic_umol_kg
Units: umol/kg
Description: <p>DIC value converted from umol/L to umol/kg</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987135.rdf
Name: ta_umol_kg
Units: umol/kg
Description: <p>TA value converted from umol/L to umol/kg</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987136.rdf
Name: n_dic
Units: umol/kg
Description: <p>Normalized DIC data (35ppt)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987137.rdf
Name: n_ta
Units: umol/kg
Description: <p>Normalized TA data (35ppt)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987138.rdf
Name: ph
Units: unitless
Description: <p>pH calculated with CO2SYS</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987139.rdf
Name: f_co2
Units: mmHg
Description: <p>Carbon dioxide exchange flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987140.rdf
Name: p_co2
Units: mmHg
Description: <p>Carbon dioxide partial pressure</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987141.rdf
Name: arag_sat
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Aragonite saturation calculated using CO2SYS software</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987142.rdf
Name: hetero_bact_per_ul
Units: bacterial cell count/ul
Description: <p>Count of heterotrophic bacterial cells</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987143.rdf
Name: sm_autotroph_per_ul
Units: bacterial cell count/ul
Description: <p>Count of small autotrophic cells</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987144.rdf
Name: lg_autotroph_per_ul
Units: bacterial cell count/ul
Description: <p>Count of large autotrophic cells</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987145.rdf
Name: all_autotroph_per_ul
Units: bacterial cell count/ul
Description: <p>Total autotrophic cell count</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987146.rdf
Name: NPOC_mgL
Units: mg/L
Description: <p>Non-purgeable organic carbon value mg/L</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987147.rdf
Name: TN_mgL
Units: mg/L
Description: <p>Total nitrogen value mg/L</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987148.rdf
Name: NPOC_uM
Units: uM
Description: <p>Non-purgeable organic carbon value converted uM</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987149.rdf
Name: TN_uM
Units: uM
Description: <p>Total nitrogen value converted uM</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987150.rdf
Name: rainfall_24hr
Units: mm
Description: <p>Cumulative rainfall at Lahaina mesonet station over prior 24 hour period in mm</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987151.rdf
Name: rainfall_48hr
Units: mm
Description: <p>Cumulative rainfall at Lahaina mesonet station over prior 48 hour period in mm</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987152.rdf
Name: rainfall_1wk
Units: mm
Description: <p>Cumulative rainfall at Lahaina mesonet station over prior 1 week period in mm</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987153.rdf
Name: mean_discharge
Units: cubic feet per second
Description: <p>Mean daily discharge at Kahoma Stream USGS station in cubic feet per second</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/987154.rdf
Name: mean_gauge_height
Units: feet
Description: <p>Mean daily gauge height at Kahoma Stream USGS station in feet</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
150965
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/1c378cb4-f680-4d7f-a1e4-79bf27fbde4f/content
download
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.982204.1
download
onLine
dataset
<h2>Sample Methods</h2>
<p>Water samples were all collected in West Maui in and around reef systems that were within and adjacent to the burn zone of the Lahaina fires. Samples were collected in impacted areas within the affected burn zone, control sites outside of the burned urban area (Kahekili, approximately 4km to the north of the burn extent, and Olowalu, approximately 8km to the south), Lahaina Harbor, streams, transect sampling, and other opportunistic sampling detailed in dataset.&nbsp;Some autonomous sampling data from before the fire event are also included in the dataset.</p>
<p>All shoreline water samples were collected using a 1.5L niskin bottle that was manually closed. Sites were either off a dock (ei. Harbor site) or swam to with a niskin and CTD in hand. PharMed BPT tubing was attached to the niskin bottle and each sample bottle was rinsed 3 times with sample water before filled. Nutrient samples were placed immediately on ice and were frozen as soon as possible. Carbon chemistry samples were poisoned with mercuric chloride. All samples were placed into a cooler with ice until they were organized at the end of the field collection day.</p>
<p>Transect samples were collected by lowering a 1.5L off of the boat and sampling the same as the shoreline. Metal samples were collected by assembling&nbsp; a 10' polyvinylchloride pole to collect non-contaminated samples away from the vessel.</p>
<p>Boat transect sampling was done twice a day on two dates,&nbsp;2023-10-07 and&nbsp;2024-01-27. These were done at sites L1-L15. Between&nbsp;2023-10-07 and&nbsp;2024-10-23 shoreline samples were taken for sites SH1-SH11. Between&nbsp;2023-10-07 and&nbsp;2024-08-04, an autosampler was used at&nbsp;Kahekili Beach Park (KBP) and Mala Point (M).</p>
<p><!--StartFragment-->Autosampler samples were collected using a custom built device. Tedlar bags were attached to the autosampler channels and were pre-poisoned with mercuric chloride. Some<!--EndFragment--></p>
<h2>Sampling Dates</h2>
<ul>
<li>Dates for boat transect sample data:&nbsp;Two time sampling single day samplings for site L1-L15
<ul>
<li>2023-10-07</li>
<li>2024-01-27</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Dates for shoreline water sample data:&nbsp;Samples were collected in two day intervals from the shoreline of the listed sites (SH1-SH11) in West Maui spanning from Olowalu to Kahekili.
<ul>
<li>2023-10-07 to 2023-10-08</li>
<li>2023-11-13&nbsp;to&nbsp;2023-11-14</li>
<li>2023-11-30&nbsp;to&nbsp;2023-12-02</li>
<li>2024-01-10&nbsp;to&nbsp;2024-01-11</li>
<li>2024-01-27&nbsp;to&nbsp;2024-01-28</li>
<li>2024-05-10&nbsp;to&nbsp;2024-05-11</li>
<li>2024-08-03&nbsp;to&nbsp;2024-08-04</li>
<li>2024-10-23</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Dates for autosampler data: Samples collected at sites&nbsp;Kahekili Beach Park (KBP) and Mala Point (M) (SH5 and SH8)
<ul>
<li>2023-10-07 to 2023-10-09</li>
<li>2023-12-01 to 2023-12-03</li>
<li>2024-01-10 to 2024-01-11</li>
<li>2024-01-26 to 2024-01-28</li>
<li>2024-05-09 to 2024-05-11</li>
<li>2024-08-02 to 2024-08-04</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>Sampling Locations</h2>
<p>Stations and locations are listed in the table below.</p>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Site Name</td>
<td>Sampling Method</td>
<td>Latitude</td>
<td>Longitude</td>
<td>Description</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LH1</td>
<td>Boat Transect</td>
<td>20.87047</td>
<td>-156.68083</td>
<td>Transect from Mala Point</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LH2</td>
<td>Boat Transect</td>
<td>20.85898</td>
<td>-156.69733</td>
<td>Transect from Mala Point</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LH3</td>
<td>Boat Transect</td>
<td>20.85047</td>
<td>-156.71147</td>
<td>Transect from Mala Point</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LH4</td>
<td>Boat Transect</td>
<td>20.84282</td>
<td>-156.72745</td>
<td>Transect from Mala Point</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LH5</td>
<td>Boat Transect</td>
<td>20.83527</td>
<td>-156.74414</td>
<td>Transect from Mala Point</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LH6</td>
<td>Boat Transect</td>
<td>20.86227</td>
<td>-156.67637</td>
<td>Transect from Mala Point</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LH7</td>
<td>Boat Transect</td>
<td>20.85582</td>
<td>-156.66966</td>
<td>Transect from Mala Point</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LH8</td>
<td>Boat Transect</td>
<td>20.84885</td>
<td>-156.66361</td>
<td>Transect from Mala Point</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LH9</td>
<td>Boat Transect</td>
<td>20.84178</td>
<td>-156.65714</td>
<td>Transect from Mala Point</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LH10</td>
<td>Boat Transect</td>
<td>20.8357</td>
<td>-156.65101</td>
<td>Transect from Mala Point</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LH11</td>
<td>Boat Transect</td>
<td>20.83012</td>
<td>-156.6436</td>
<td>Transect from Mala Point</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LH12</td>
<td>Boat Transect</td>
<td>20.82372</td>
<td>-156.63602</td>
<td>Transect from Mala Point</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LH13</td>
<td>Boat Transect</td>
<td>20.8148</td>
<td>-156.63056</td>
<td>Transect from Mala Point</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LH14</td>
<td>Boat Transect</td>
<td>20.80798</td>
<td>-156.62518</td>
<td>Transect from Mala Point</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LH15</td>
<td>Boat Transect</td>
<td>20.80434</td>
<td>-156.61567</td>
<td>Transect from Mala Point</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SH1</td>
<td>Shoreline Sampling</td>
<td>20.865082</td>
<td>-156.673642</td>
<td>Shark pit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SH2</td>
<td>Shoreline Sampling</td>
<td>20.872221</td>
<td>-156.678991</td>
<td>Ferry pier</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SH3</td>
<td>Shoreline Sampling</td>
<td>20.871976</td>
<td>-156.67873</td>
<td>Harbor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SH4</td>
<td>Shoreline Sampling</td>
<td>20.880425</td>
<td>-156.685162</td>
<td>Baby beach</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SH5</td>
<td>Shoreline Sampling</td>
<td>20.883216</td>
<td>-156.687382</td>
<td>Mala point</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SH6</td>
<td>Shoreline Sampling</td>
<td>20.887829</td>
<td>-156.684862</td>
<td>Mala Tavern</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SH7</td>
<td>Shoreline Sampling</td>
<td>20.902508</td>
<td>-156.684888</td>
<td>Wahikuli</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SH8</td>
<td>Shoreline Sampling</td>
<td>20.936749</td>
<td>-156.692258</td>
<td>Kahekili</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SH9</td>
<td>Shoreline Sampling</td>
<td>20.809339</td>
<td>-156.607049</td>
<td>Olowalu beach</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SH10</td>
<td>Shoreline Sampling</td>
<td>20.885432</td>
<td>-156.686466</td>
<td>Kahoma outflow beach</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SH11</td>
<td>Shoreline Sampling</td>
<td>20.860466</td>
<td>-156.667369</td>
<td>Kauaula stream bridge</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kahekili Beach Park (KBP)</td>
<td>Autosampler</td>
<td>20.93727</td>
<td>-156.69351</td>
<td>Kahekili Beach Park (KBP)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Mala Point (M)</td>
<td>Autosampler</td>
<td>20.883216</td>
<td>-156.687382</td>
<td>Mala Point (M)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2>Sample Analysis</h2>
<p><strong>a. Carbon Chemistry (μmol/L): </strong>One sample is collected for the analysis of TA and DIC and a second is collected for DOC. TA/DIC is collected by submerging a niskin bottle just below the surface of the water and collecting a sub sample. A piece of PharMed BPT tubing is attached to the niskin bottle and placed on the bottom of a 250mL VWR narrow mouth glass bottle and rinsed and dumped three times.&nbsp;Each sample is poisoned with 0.1 mL of mercuric chloride and the glass topper is sealed with Apiezon L Vacuum Grease and a snap-grip clamp.</p>
<p><strong>a.1.Total Alkalinity (TA):</strong> Alkalinity determination using the Gran titration method. Alkalinity is determined by the amount of acid (in mol/kg or mol/L) needed to titrate a water sample to the CO2 equivalence point (about 4.4) at which all inorganic carbon species are converted to CO2 in seawater.&nbsp;Measurements validated with Dickson CO2 Certified Reference Material.</p>
<p><strong>a.2. Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC): </strong>All species of carbon are transformed into CO2 and the resulting CO2 gas is purged from the water sample by the pure nitrogen (N2) carrier gas and use only a single certified reference material to make a three-point calibration line or broken line.&nbsp;Apollo Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Analyzer Model AS-C5 was calibrated with Dickson CO2 Certified Reference Material.</p>
<p><strong>a.3. Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC): </strong>Water for TOC analysis was collected in 40 mL&nbsp;amber Volatile Organic Analysis (VOA) vials with silicone septum caps. TOC was measured on a Shimadzu TOC-L Combustion analyzer. Water samples were not filtered prior to collection and included both dissolved and particulate organic carbon.</p>
<p><strong>a.4 Total Organic Carbon (TOC): </strong>Water samples were analyzed for total organic carbon (TOC). Water for TOC analysis was collected in 40 mL&nbsp;amber Volatile Organic Analysis (VOA) vials with silicone septum caps. Prior to sampling, vials and caps were acid washed with 10% HCl and vials were combusted at 450°C for 4 hours. Prior to collection, sample vials and caps were triple rinsed with sample water. Vials were filled to the shoulder with sample water and then acidified to a pH of ~2 via dropwise addition of 12M hydrochloric acid.</p>
<p><strong>b. Trace Metals:</strong><em><strong>&nbsp;</strong></em>Samples for dissolved and total dissolvable metal concentrations were collected in acid washed polyethylene bottles, which were rinsed 3 times before filling. During offshore sampling, a 10' polyvinyl chloride pole was assembled to collect non-contaminated samples away from the vessel. During shore sampling, bottles were filled from upstream waters and closed immediately after filling. Samples for dissolved metals were vacuum filtered using a 0.2 um polyethersulfone membrane.&nbsp;Samples for total dissolvable metals were not filtered. Both filtered and unfiltered samples were acidified to a pH of 1.8 using ultra high purity hydrochloric acid and stored for several weeks prior to analysis.</p>
<p>For dissolved iron, zinc, nickel, copper, cadmium, and lead, samples were subject to preconcentration using a SeaFAST S2 system (Elemental Scientific) after addition of an isotope spike to track sample recovery. 10 mL of samples were preconcentration into 0.75 mL and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) using an iCAP-TQ instrument (Thermo Fisher Scientific) using O2 as a collision gas. Pre-concentration blanks were assessed by measuring high purity (18.2 M-Ohm cm-1) water after passing through the SeaFAST system and subtracted from measured values.</p>
<p>For dissolved Mn, Ba, V, and As, and all total dissolvable measurements, samples were also measured by ICP-MS, but after dilution in 0.1 M nitric acid with In as an internal standard. These samples were calibrated diluted multi-element standard (Inorganic Ventures) with matrix-matched seawater collected from offshore waters in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre.&nbsp;</p>
<p>For dissolved metals analyzed by both procedures, CASS7 and NASS5 seawater reference materials were measured to ensure accuracy of calibrations. No standards are available for total dissolvable metal measurements.&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>c. Metabolomics:</strong> For untargeted LC-MS/MS, 200 mL&nbsp;water samples were acidified to pH2 and collected on solid phase extraction cartridges with a 60mg HLB resin bed. Cartridges were eluted using 2 mL&nbsp;of LC/MS grade methanol, evaporated to dryness, and redissolved in 100 µL&nbsp;of 80:20:1 Methanol/water/formic acid. Samples were run in data dependent acquisition mode on an Orbitrap Exploris MS/MS coupled to a Vanquish Flex UHPLC using a Kinetex® 1.7 µm C18 150 x 2.1 mm Column and C18 guard column.&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>d. Nutrients:</strong> Nutrient samples were collected by rinsing a previously acid washed 125 mL Nalgene HDPE bottle three times with surface water and next filled leaving room on the top to allow freezing. Samples are immediately placed in a dark cooler on ice and frozen at the end of the sampling day. Samples are removed from the freezer the night before analyzing and are slowly defrosted in a dark environment.&nbsp;Measurements were validated with Kanso Certified Reference Material.</p>
<p><strong>d.1. Nitrate and Nitrite:</strong> Method no. A-044-19 Rev.5: Nitrate is reduced to Nitrite at pH 7.5 in a copperized cadmium coil. Nitrite is reduced with sulfanilamide to form a diazo compound that then couples with N-(1-Naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride to form an azo dye that is measured at the absorbance of 540 nm.</p>
<p><strong>d.2 Phosphate:</strong> Method no. A-005-19 Rev.3:ortho-phosphate, molybdate, and antimony form a blue color followed by the reduction with ascorbic acid at pH &lt;1. This reduced blue phospho-molybdenum complex is read at the absorbance of 880 nm.</p>
<p><strong>d.3 Silicate:</strong> Method no. A-006-19 Rev.4: silico-molybdate is reduced in an acidic solution of molybdenum blue by ascorbic acid. Oxalic acid is added prior to ascorbic acid to reduce&nbsp;interference from phosphates.</p>
<p><strong>d.4 Ammonia:</strong> G-327-05 Rev 9: sample is reacted with o-phthalaldehyde at 75 °C with a borate buffer and sodium sulfite and analyzed at an absorbance of 460 nm following excitation at 370 nm.</p>
<p><strong>e. Fluorescence Dissolved Organic Matter (fDOM):</strong>&nbsp;Water for fDOM analysis was collected in acid washed 20 mL&nbsp;glass vials with urea caps. Vials and caps were triple rinsed with sample water prior to collecting each sample and stored at 4 °C. 3 ml subsamples were transferred into 1 cm quartz cuvettes, which were then loaded into the fluorometer. Excitation-Emission Matrices (EEMS) were generated with excitation values ranging from 240 nm to 500 nm and emission values were measured ranging from 250 nm to 825 nm.&nbsp;These included M:C (Burdigee et al. 2004), FI (McKnight et al. 2001), BIX (Huguet et al. 2009), HIX (Zsolnay et al. 1999), M, A, C, T, and B (Coble 1996).</p>
<p><strong>f. Flow cytometry:</strong> Water samples were analyzed for bacterial counts using flow cytometry. Water for flow cytometry was subsampled from triple rinsed and acid washed 1L polycarbonate bottles. For each sample, a 1 mL&nbsp;subsample was transferred via pipette to a 2mL&nbsp;screw cap tube. Samples were preserved&nbsp;with17 µL&nbsp;of 32% paraformaldehyde, for a final concentration of 0.5% paraformaldehyde in each sample. During field collection, samples were stored on ice in the dark. To avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, flow cytometry samples were preserved at 4°C for a period of up to 48 hours while in the field prior to long term storage at -80°C. For analysis, 275 µL&nbsp;aliquots from each sample were transferred to 96-well optically clear flat bottom plates. Each sample was stained with 7 µL&nbsp;of Hoechst stain following Selph&nbsp;(2021). Samples were analyzed on a CytoFlex flow cytometry. Gates were established empirically to generate counts of 4 distinct populations of marine microorganisms: heterotrophic bacteria, large autotrophs, small autotrophs, all autotrophs.&nbsp;</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
- Opened "Lahaina_all_data_submitter_revised.xlsx" in Excel to format string fields as "text"
- Saved file as "Lahaina_all_data_submitter_revised_text_format.xlsx"
- Imported "Lahaina_all_data_submitter_revised_text_format.xlsx" into the BCO-DMO system
- Combined the "date" and "time" into UTC and local (HST) ISO 8601 datetime format
- Removed redundant "time" and "posix" fields
- Exported file as "982204_v1_lahaina_fires_water_quality.csv"
Specified by BCO-DMO Data Managers
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
Apollo Total Alkalinity Titrator Model AS-ALK3
Apollo Total Alkalinity Titrator Model AS-ALK3
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Apollo Total Alkalinity Titrator Model AS-ALK3 PI Supplied Instrument Description: Total Alkalinity: Apollo Total Alkalinity Titrator Model AS-ALK3 Instrument Name: Apollo SciTech Model AS-ALK3 total alkalinity titrator Instrument Short Name:AS-ALK3 Instrument Description: An automated acid-base titrator for use in aquatic carbon dioxide parameter analysis. The titrator provides standardisation and sample analysis, using the Gran titration procedure for alkalinity determination of seawater and brackish waters. It is designed for both shipboard and land based laboratory use. The precision of the instrument is 0.1 percent or higher, and sample volumes may range from 10-25 ml. Titraton takes approximately 8 minutes per sample, and the repeatability is within plus or minus 1-2 micromoles per kg.
SonTek CastAway-CTD
SonTek CastAway-CTD
PI Supplied Instrument Name: SonTek CastAway-CTD PI Supplied Instrument Description:Sites were either off a dock (ei. Harbor site) or swam to with a niskin and CTD in hand.
SonTek CastAway has a 6-electrode conductivity cell with a thermistor for high resolution CTD measurements. Instrument Name: CTD - fixed Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: A reusable instrument that always simultaneously measures conductivity and temperature (for salinity) and pressure (for depth).
This term applies to CTDs that are fixed and do not measure by profiling through the water column. For profiling CTDs, see https://www.bco-dmo.org/instrument/417.
CytoFlex flow cytometry
CytoFlex flow cytometry
PI Supplied Instrument Name: CytoFlex flow cytometry PI Supplied Instrument Description:Flow cytometry: CytoFlex flow cytometry Instrument Name: Flow Cytometer Instrument Short Name:Flow Cytometer Instrument Description: Flow cytometers (FC or FCM) are automated instruments that quantitate properties of single cells, one cell at a time. They can measure cell size, cell granularity, the amounts of cell components such as total DNA, newly synthesized DNA, gene expression as the amount messenger RNA for a particular gene, amounts of specific surface receptors, amounts of intracellular proteins, or transient signalling events in living cells.
(from: http://www.bio.umass.edu/micro/immunology/facs542/facswhat.htm) Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB37/
Horiba Aqualog scanning fluorometer
Horiba Aqualog scanning fluorometer
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Horiba Aqualog scanning fluorometer PI Supplied Instrument Description:Fluorescence Dissolved Organic Matter (fDOM): Horiba Aqualog scanning fluorometer Instrument Name: Fluorometer Instrument Short Name:Fluorometer Instrument Description: A fluorometer or fluorimeter is a device used to measure parameters of fluorescence: its intensity and wavelength distribution of emission spectrum after excitation by a certain spectrum of light. The instrument is designed to measure the amount of stimulated electromagnetic radiation produced by pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted into a water sample or in situ. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/113/
Apollo Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Analyzer Model AS-C5
Apollo Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Analyzer Model AS-C5
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Apollo Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Analyzer Model AS-C5 PI Supplied Instrument Description:Dissolved Inorganic Carbon: Apollo Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Analyzer Model AS-C5 Instrument Name: Inorganic Carbon Analyzer Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: Instruments measuring carbonate in sediments and inorganic carbon (including DIC) in the water column.
Orbitrap Exploris MS/MS
Orbitrap Exploris MS/MS
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Orbitrap Exploris MS/MS PI Supplied Instrument Description:Metabolomics: Orbitrap Exploris MS/MS coupled to a Vanquish Flex UHPLC using a Kinetex® 1.7 µm C18 150 x 2.1 mm Column and C18 guard column Instrument Name: Mass Spectrometer Instrument Short Name:Mass Spec Instrument Description: General term for instruments used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions; generally used to find the composition of a sample by generating a mass spectrum representing the masses of sample components. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB16/
niskin bottle
niskin bottle
PI Supplied Instrument Name: niskin bottle PI Supplied Instrument Description:TA/DIC is collected by submerging a niskin bottle just below the surface of the water and collecting a sub sample. Instrument Name: Niskin bottle Instrument Short Name:Niskin bottle Instrument Description: A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24, or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0412/
SEAL AA500
SEAL AA500
PI Supplied Instrument Name: SEAL AA500 PI Supplied Instrument Description:Nutrients: SEAL AA500 Instrument Name: Nutrient Autoanalyzer Instrument Short Name:Nutrient Autoanalyzer Instrument Description: Nutrient Autoanalyzer is a generic term used when specific type, make and model were not specified. In general, a Nutrient Autoanalyzer is an automated flow-thru system for doing nutrient analysis (nitrate, ammonium, orthophosphate, and silicate) on seawater samples. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB04/
SeaFAST S2 system (Elemental Scientific), ICP-MS
SeaFAST S2 system (Elemental Scientific), ICP-MS
PI Supplied Instrument Name: SeaFAST S2 system (Elemental Scientific), ICP-MS PI Supplied Instrument Description:Trace Metals: SeaFAST S2 system (Elemental Scientific), ICP-MS Instrument Name: SeaFAST Automated Preconcentration System Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: The seaFAST is an automated sample introduction system for analysis of seawater and other high matrix samples for analyses by ICPMS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry).
Shimadzu TOC-L Combustion analyzer
Shimadzu TOC-L Combustion analyzer
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Shimadzu TOC-L Combustion analyzer PI Supplied Instrument Description:Total Organic Carbon: Shimadzu TOC-L Combustion analyzer Instrument Name: Shimadzu TOC-L Analyzer Instrument Short Name:Shimadzu TOC-L Instrument Description: A Shimadzu TOC-L Analyzer measures DOC by high temperature combustion method.
Developed by Shimadzu, the 680 degree C combustion catalytic oxidation method is now used worldwide. One of its most important features is the capacity to efficiently oxidize hard-to-decompose organic compounds, including insoluble and macromolecular organic compounds. The 680 degree C combustion catalytic oxidation method has been adopted for the TOC-L series.
http://www.shimadzu.com/an/toc/lab/toc-l2.html Community Standard Description: http://onto.nerc.ac.uk/CAST/124.html