http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/988595 eng; USA utf8 dataset Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact 2025-11-09 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Speciation of sulfur in sediment, dissolved organic matter, and biogenic material determined by x-ray absorbance spectroscopy of samples collected at two mangrove locations in June 2022 through February 2024 2026-02-17 publication 2026-02-17 revision Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO) 2026-02-18 publication https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.988595.1 Morgan Reed Raven University of California-Santa Barbara principalInvestigator Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. publisher Cite this dataset as: Capece, L. R., Raven, M. R. (2026) Speciation of sulfur in sediment, dissolved organic matter, and biogenic material determined by x-ray absorbance spectroscopy of samples collected at two mangrove locations in June 2022 through February 2024. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2026-02-17 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.988595.1 [access date] Mangrove x-ray absorbance spectroscopy Dataset Description: Methods and Sampling: &lt;p&gt;Sediment cores, biomass, and dissolved organic matter were collected from two mangrove locations in Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve (Florida, USA) and Little Ambergris Caye (Turks and Caicos) during the time period of June 2022 through February 2024 using a 5-centimeter PVC push corer. Sediment cores were extruded in the field and kept at -20 degrees Celsius (°C) until analysis could be carried out back in the lab at UC Santa Barbara along with biogenic material. Dissolved organic matter was kept refrigerated in SPE cartridges until eluted back in the lab at UC Santa Barbara.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;To isolate major carbon and sulfur pools, a ~1 gram (g) aliquot of the freeze-dried sample from each sediment interval was subjected to two sequential microwave extractions (MARS-6, CEM, 70°C for 15 minutes) using a 9:1 dichloromethane. Solvent-extracted solids were rinsed with 0.7N NaCl solution, ultra-pure water, freeze dried, and then acid fumigated to remove carbonates for 12 hours with a 6N HCl solution. A 500-milligram (mg) subsample of the same microwave-extracted solid residue was then subjected to a strong acid hydrolysis (6N HCl, 60°C, 2 hours) to extract acid-volatile sulfur (AVS, operationally defined as iron monosulfides) following Canfield et al. 1986 and Raven et al. 2019. The remaining solid residue underwent a chromium (II) chloride extraction at 60°C for 2 hours to isolate chromium reducible sulfur (CRS, operationally defined as pyrite) following Canfield et al. 1986. The leftover solid residue following the CRS extraction contains highly hydrolysis-resistant OM that we refer to as protokerogen (Burdige 2007; Raven et al. 2019). Biogenic material went under the same set of extractions while the dissolved organic matter was eluted with methanol and dried down in a fume hood (Phillips et al. 2022).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The oxidation state and bonding environment of organic sulfur in the post-CRS extraction, post-CRS extraction biogenic material, and dissolved organic matter were characterized using x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Spectra were obtained on Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) on beam line 14–3 using a spot size of 0.5 square millimeters (mm2) and a Si(111) (Φ = 90) double crystal monochromator calibrated to the thiol pre-edge peak of thiosulfate at 2472.02 electron volts (eV). Samples were adhered onto Saint Gobain M60 S-free polyester tape and covered with 5-micrometer (µm) SPEX 3520 polypropylene XRF film. Spectra were averaged and normalized in the SIXPACK (Webb 2005) software package using a K-edge E0 of 2473 and pre-edge and post-edge linear normalization ranges of -20 to -7 and 35 to 70 eV, respectively. The relative abundance (percent (%)) of individual sulfur species were determined in sediments and biomass samples using least squares fitting and a set of OS standards (Raven et al. 2021). The relative abundances of different sulfur species were then used to determine the percentage of reduced (disulfide, monosulfide, aromatic) and oxidized (sulfoxide, sulfone/sulfonate, sulfate ester) sulfur in samples.&lt;/p&gt; Funding provided by NSF Division of Earth Sciences (NSF EAR) Award Number: EAR-2053163 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=2053163 completed Morgan Reed Raven University of California-Santa Barbara 626-644-0273 Santa Barbara CA 93106-2050 US raven@ucsb.edu pointOfContact asNeeded Dataset Version: 1 Unknown name type site lat long depth habitat treatment pyrite sulfur aromatic disulfide monosulfide sulfoxide sulfonate ester sulfate sum chi year month Year_month MARS-6 microwave CEM 5-centimeter PVC push corer Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) on beam line 14–3 theme None, User defined sample identification sample description site latitude longitude site description Sulfur (S) year month of year date featureType BCO-DMO Standard Parameters Microwave Digestion Platform Push Corer Synchrotron light source instrument BCO-DMO Standard Instruments otherRestrictions otherRestrictions Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use. Carbon Storage in Mangrove Ecosystems via Abiotic Sulfurization http://ravennoiselab.com Carbon Storage in Mangrove Ecosystems via Abiotic Sulfurization <p><em>NSF Award Abstract:</em><br /> Mangrove forest sediments are important hotspots of organic carbon preservation, and they have the potential to sequester substantial amounts of atmospheric CO2. Currently, however, is it not fully understood why these environments are able to bury so much organic carbon, or how they will respond to future changes in sea level, land use, and climate. This project will investigate a mechanism that may help explain this carbon burial: organic matter sulfurization, the transformation and effective ‘pickling’ of sedimentary organic matter by sulfide. Its central aim is to understand what controls the extent of sulfurization in mangrove sediments, and to estimate the contribution of organic matter sulfurization to sediment carbon storage in different parts of the environment. By providing some of the first constraints on how, when, and where organic matter sulfurization happens in mangroves, the results of this work will guide decisionmakers managing coastal watersheds and carbon stocks in the face of land use, climate and sea level change. As part of this work, four undergraduate students and one PhD student at UC Santa Barbara will gain field and research experience. And, in collaboration with local groups associated with the field site, the team will produce a season of ‘Ocean Solutions’ podcast episodes related to conservation and human impacts of Caribbean mangroves.</p> <p>The overarching goal of this project is to understand how microbial sulfur cycling affects organic matter preservation in vegetated coastal sediments, which have substantial leverage to impact the global carbon cycle on decadal to millennial timescales. It specifically investigates organic matter sulfurization, which can transform fresh, easily respired organic matter into recalcitrant, polymerized carbon stocks with long-term preservation potential. Although organic matter sulfurization is known to occur in mangrove sediments, the scale of its impact is essentially unknown. A pair of field expeditions will be conducted at a mangrove forest on the southwestern coast of Florida. In the first field season, geochemical profiles will be used to quantify organic matter sulfurization in sediments and its relationships with carbon storage, iron mineralogy, and the characteristics of sedimentary organic matter inputs. In the second field season, cyclic voltammetry will be used to target redox dynamics at the millimeter scale. Laboratory experiments will be conducted to test the susceptibility of various local organic matter sources to sulfurization and characterize their sulfurized forms. Throughout, the project applies a holistic approach to sedimentary organic matter by characterizing the dissolved, lipid, protein/carbohydrate, and proto-kerogen pools with isotopic and spectroscopic techniques. This work will yield a first quantitative, mechanistic framework for predicting the extent of organic matter sulfurization in coastal vegetated habitats and its likely response to changes in ecology, land use, or sea level.</p> <p>This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.</p> Mangroves OS largerWorkCitation project eng; USA oceans -82.73451 -71.69677 21.29705 26.02848 2022-06-01 2024-07-31 Floridian and Caribbean mangroves; Californian salt mashes 0 BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Speciation of sulfur in sediment, dissolved organic matter, and biogenic material determined by x-ray absorbance spectroscopy of samples collected at two mangrove locations in June 2022 through February 2024 Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994155.rdf Name: name Units: unitless Description: <p>sample ID</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994156.rdf Name: type Units: unitless Description: <p>sample type: ambergris (mangroves in Little Ambergris Caye), pristine (pristine mangroves in Florida), or restored (restored mangroves in Florida)</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994157.rdf Name: site Units: unitless Description: <p>name of the study site</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994158.rdf Name: lat Units: decimal degrees Description: <p>latitude of sampling location</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994159.rdf Name: long Units: decimal degrees Description: <p>longitude of sampling location</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994160.rdf Name: depth Units: cm or unitless Description: <p>sample depth; either numeric (centimeters), roots = fine root material, or surface = litter or mat surface material</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994161.rdf Name: habitat Units: unitless Description: <p>mangrove ecosystem zonation where sample was taken (basin = inland, low lying; fringe = along the seaward edge in thin band, regularly flushed; overwash = island based, deteriorated = dead trees; transitional = recovering trees)</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994162.rdf Name: treatment Units: unitless Description: <p>type of sample: bulk = bulk organic matter, pk = protokerogen organic matter (residual organic matter), dom = dissolved organic matter</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994163.rdf Name: pyrite Units: unitless (percent, %) Description: <p>relative abundance of pyrite in samples determined following XAS</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994164.rdf Name: sulfur Units: unitless (percent, %) Description: <p>relative abundance of elemental sulfur in samples determined following XAS</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994165.rdf Name: aromatic Units: unitless (percent, %) Description: <p>relative abundance of aromatics in samples determined following XAS</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994166.rdf Name: disulfide Units: unitless (percent, %) Description: <p>relative abundance of organic disulfides in samples determined following XAS</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994167.rdf Name: monosulfide Units: unitless (percent, %) Description: <p>relative abundance of organic monosulfides in samples determined following XAS</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994168.rdf Name: sulfoxide Units: unitless (percent, %) Description: <p>relative abundance of sulfoxides in samples determined following XAS</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994169.rdf Name: sulfonate Units: unitless (percent, %) Description: <p>relative abundance of sulfonates in samples determined following XAS</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994170.rdf Name: ester Units: unitless (percent, %) Description: <p>relative abundance of sulfate esters in samples determined following XAS</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994171.rdf Name: sulfate Units: unitless (percent, %) Description: <p>relative abundance of sulfate in samples determined following XAS</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994172.rdf Name: sum Units: unitless Description: <p>sum of all sulfur types (should be ~1)</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994173.rdf Name: chi Units: unitless Description: <p>chi squared, results of statistical analyses carried out in Sixpack that detail the goodness of the fit of standard spectra to sample spectra determined following XAS</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994174.rdf Name: year Units: unitless Description: <p>year of sample collection</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994175.rdf Name: month Units: unitless Description: <p>month of sample collection</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/994176.rdf Name: Year_month Units: unitless Description: <p>year and month of sample collection</p> GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.988595.1 download onLine dataset &lt;p&gt;Sediment cores, biomass, and dissolved organic matter were collected from two mangrove locations in Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve (Florida, USA) and Little Ambergris Caye (Turks and Caicos) during the time period of June 2022 through February 2024 using a 5-centimeter PVC push corer. Sediment cores were extruded in the field and kept at -20 degrees Celsius (°C) until analysis could be carried out back in the lab at UC Santa Barbara along with biogenic material. Dissolved organic matter was kept refrigerated in SPE cartridges until eluted back in the lab at UC Santa Barbara.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;To isolate major carbon and sulfur pools, a ~1 gram (g) aliquot of the freeze-dried sample from each sediment interval was subjected to two sequential microwave extractions (MARS-6, CEM, 70°C for 15 minutes) using a 9:1 dichloromethane. Solvent-extracted solids were rinsed with 0.7N NaCl solution, ultra-pure water, freeze dried, and then acid fumigated to remove carbonates for 12 hours with a 6N HCl solution. A 500-milligram (mg) subsample of the same microwave-extracted solid residue was then subjected to a strong acid hydrolysis (6N HCl, 60°C, 2 hours) to extract acid-volatile sulfur (AVS, operationally defined as iron monosulfides) following Canfield et al. 1986 and Raven et al. 2019. The remaining solid residue underwent a chromium (II) chloride extraction at 60°C for 2 hours to isolate chromium reducible sulfur (CRS, operationally defined as pyrite) following Canfield et al. 1986. The leftover solid residue following the CRS extraction contains highly hydrolysis-resistant OM that we refer to as protokerogen (Burdige 2007; Raven et al. 2019). Biogenic material went under the same set of extractions while the dissolved organic matter was eluted with methanol and dried down in a fume hood (Phillips et al. 2022).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The oxidation state and bonding environment of organic sulfur in the post-CRS extraction, post-CRS extraction biogenic material, and dissolved organic matter were characterized using x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Spectra were obtained on Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) on beam line 14–3 using a spot size of 0.5 square millimeters (mm2) and a Si(111) (Φ = 90) double crystal monochromator calibrated to the thiol pre-edge peak of thiosulfate at 2472.02 electron volts (eV). Samples were adhered onto Saint Gobain M60 S-free polyester tape and covered with 5-micrometer (µm) SPEX 3520 polypropylene XRF film. Spectra were averaged and normalized in the SIXPACK (Webb 2005) software package using a K-edge E0 of 2473 and pre-edge and post-edge linear normalization ranges of -20 to -7 and 35 to 70 eV, respectively. The relative abundance (percent (%)) of individual sulfur species were determined in sediments and biomass samples using least squares fitting and a set of OS standards (Raven et al. 2021). The relative abundances of different sulfur species were then used to determine the percentage of reduced (disulfide, monosulfide, aromatic) and oxidized (sulfoxide, sulfone/sulfonate, sulfate ester) sulfur in samples.&lt;/p&gt; Specified by the Principal Investigator(s) &lt;p&gt;Data were processed using R version 4.2.2 (2022-10-31) and SIXPACK (Webb 2005).&lt;/p&gt; Specified by the Principal Investigator(s) - Imported original file &quot;988595_v2_mangrove_xas.xlsx&quot; (internal version number) into the BCO-DMO system. - Created &quot;Year_month&quot; column, containing date in YYYY-MM format. - Saved the final file as &quot;988595_v1_mangrove_xas.csv&quot;. Specified by BCO-DMO Data Managers asNeeded 7.x-1.1 Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact MARS-6 microwave CEM MARS-6 microwave CEM PI Supplied Instrument Name: MARS-6 microwave CEM PI Supplied Instrument Description:Used to extract lipids from sediments Instrument Name: Microwave Digestion Platform Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: Microwave digestion is a chemical technique used to decompose sample material into a solution suitable for quantitative elemental analysis 5-centimeter PVC push corer 5-centimeter PVC push corer PI Supplied Instrument Name: 5-centimeter PVC push corer Instrument Name: Push Corer Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: Capable of being performed in numerous environments, push coring is just as it sounds. Push coring is simply pushing the core barrel (often an aluminum or polycarbonate tube) into the sediment by hand. A push core is useful in that it causes very little disturbance to the more delicate upper layers of a sub-aqueous sediment. Description obtained from: http://web.whoi.edu/coastal-group/about/how-we-work/field-methods/coring/ Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) on beam line 14–3 Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) on beam line 14–3 PI Supplied Instrument Name: Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) on beam line 14–3 Instrument Name: Synchrotron light source Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: A synchrotron light source is a large, specialized particle accelerator that produces extremely intense beams of light (ranging from infrared to X-rays) by forcing charged particles (usually electrons) to travel near the speed of light around a closed, magnetic ring.