http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/990830
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2025-12-29
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Morphological data of Littorina obtusata populations from reciprocal transplant experiments in the Gulf of Maine conducted 20 years apart
2025-12-29
publication
2025-12-29
revision
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO)
2026-01-13
publication
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.990830.1
Geoffrey C. Trussell
Northeastern University
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Trussell, G. C., Corbett, J. J. (2026) Morphological data of Littorina obtusata populations from reciprocal transplant experiments in the Gulf of Maine conducted 20 years apart. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2025-12-29 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.990830.1 [access date]
Morphological data from reciprocal transplant Dataset Description: <p>This dataset is part of a broader study conducted in the Gulf of Maine to investigate&nbsp;phenotypic plasticity of prey species in response to predator invasion and warming oceans:</p>
<ol>
<li>Green crab surveys plus historical crab density data (dataset 990378)&nbsp;</li>
<li>Green crab density from field studies at rocky intertidal sites from April 2019 to December 2021&nbsp;(dataset 911365)&nbsp;</li>
<li>Latitudinal (clinal) variation in <em>Littorina obtusata</em> shell thickness and tissue mass (dataset 990839)</li>
<li>Field experiment outplanting&nbsp;<em>Littorina obtusata&nbsp;</em>with predators (green crabs) to examine local and regional geographic variation in inducible defenses&nbsp;conducted from April to August 2021 (dataset&nbsp;911221)</li>
<li>Morphological data from reciprocal transplant experiment in the field <strong>(this dataset<strong>)</strong></strong></li>
</ol>
<p><strong><strong></strong></strong>See Related Datasets section below for links and additional details.</p> Methods and Sampling: <p>To examine how shell thickness and its plasticity have changed after 20 years (1998-2018), we repeated a reciprocal transplant experiment in 2018 that had previously been conducted in 1998 (Trussell and Smith, 2000). To allow a robust comparison of the two experiments, we carefully replicated all aspects of the 1998 experiment including using the same experimental chambers that were deployed into the field 20 years earlier. In early May 2018, we collected juvenile <em>Littorina&nbsp;obtusata </em>(5-6 mm in shell length) from a northern&nbsp;and a southern site in the Gulf of Maine. The northern site was near Quoddy Head in Lubec, Maine (44.82, -66.97) and the southern site was Lobster Cove in Manchester, Massachusetts (42.56, -70.77). All snails were individually tagged with a color-coded dot of permanent ink that was then sealed with cyanoacrylate glue. We measured initial shell length and shell thickness with digital calipers (± 0.01 mm) and shell mass and tissue mass (± 0.001 g) were estimated using a non-destructive weighing technique (Palmer, 1982).</p>
<p>After completing initial measurements, we transported snails from both populations to the northern or southern site in mid-May. At each site, we placed six snails (hereafter, response snails) from a single population and approximately 60 grams of brown algae (<em>Ascophyllum nodosum</em>) as food into 24 separate, replicate cylindrical containers (5-cm height x 10-cm diameter) that had mesh windows (mesh size = 3mm) to allow water flow. Hence, at each site 12 replicate containers housed snails from either the northern or southern population and 6 replicates for each population exposed snails to either the presence (Crab) or absence (No Crab) of predation risk. To create these risk treatments, each container stocked with response snails was secured beneath a similar container that was perforated on all sides and housed either (a) a mature male green crab (Crab) and 30 conspecific snails (hereafter, stimulus snails) or (b) just 30 stimulus snails (No Crab) to serve as a control. Each pair of stimulus-response containers was placed inside a large, replicate cylindrical chamber (11-cm height x 28-cm diameter) that had mesh windows (mesh size = 3mm) to permit water flow. These large chambers were anchored haphazardly in the mid-intertidal zone (~1.5 m MLW). Ocean temperature was monitored at 5-minute intervals during the experiment with dataloggers (Tidbits, model UTBI-001, Onset Computer Corp.) that were placed inside three replicate chambers at each site. Every 14 days we replaced stimulus snails in both the Crab and No Crab containers. For appropriate replicates, we also confirmed that crabs were alive; any dead crabs were replaced immediately. Overall, we had to replace 7 crabs at the northern site and 7 crabs at the southern site. At day 45, we replaced the <em>Ascophyllum</em> that served as food for response snails in all replicates. After 90 days in the field, all response snails were returned to the Northeastern University Marine Science Center (Nahant, Massachusetts) for measurement of final snail shell length, shell thickness, and tissue mass.</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-2017626 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=2017626
completed
Geoffrey C. Trussell
Northeastern University
781-581-7370 (ext. 300)
Marine Science Center 430 Nahant Road
Nahant
MA
01908
USA
g.trussell@northeastern.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
Year
Population
Location
Risk_Treatment
Replicate
Initial_Shell_Thickness
Initial_Shell_Length
Initial_Shell_Mass
Initial_Tissue_Mass
Final_Shell_Thickness
Final_Shell_Length
Final_Shell_Mass
Final_Tissue_Mass
digital calipers
Tidbits, model UTBI-001, Onset Computer Corp
cylindrical containers with mesh windows
theme
None, User defined
year
sample description
site
treatment
replicate
shell thickness
length
mass
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
calipers
Onset HOBO TidbiT v2 (UTBI-001) temperature logger
Test chamber
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
Local adaptation and the evolution of plasticity under predator invasion and warming seas: consequences for individuals, populations and communities
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/816470
Local adaptation and the evolution of plasticity under predator invasion and warming seas: consequences for individuals, populations and communities
<p><em>NSF Award Abstract:</em><br />
Over the past two decades, the Gulf of Maine has experienced unprecedented warming that, among other things, has further enabled the invasive green crab to expand its range in rocky shore habitats. The adverse ecological impacts of this invasive predator have been documented worldwide. This study examines how geographic variation in the capacity of two common prey species to respond to the combination of this predator and warming ocean temperatures can shape prey feeding and performance and impact community structure and dynamics. Hence, this research enhances understanding of the evolution of phenotypes, their plasticity, and the nature of adaptation and its role in eco-evolutionary dynamics. More broadly, it informs understanding of how organisms and marine communities may respond to future environmental change. In addition, this project makes contributions to the STEM pipeline by providing middle and high school, undergraduate, and graduate students with cross-disciplinary training in evolutionary and community ecology. In collaboration with an institutional outreach program, the investigator is also developing web-based multimedia projects and teacher resource materials based on this research.</p>
<p>A central principle in ecology is that species residing in the middle of food chains must balance the benefits of eating with the risk of being eaten by their predators. Solving this foraging-predation risk trade-off often involves plasticity in prey traits with consequences for the evolution of adaptation and species interactions that drive community-level processes. Hence, the foraging-predation risk trade-off provides a powerful conceptual framework that links evolutionary and community ecology. Yet at the same time, other environmental stressors like temperature can shape this trade-off, adding complexity that makes it difficult to predict the capacity of organisms to adapt to environmental change and the consequences for communities. The investigator is conducting this study in rocky shore habitats of the Gulf of Maine (GOM) which have long been influenced by strong latitudinal temperature gradients and non-native species invasions. The overarching hypothesis is that predation risk and temperature are factors shaping geographic variation in plasticity and adaptation, with consequences for individuals, populations, and communities. First, the investigator is conducting field experiments to document geographic variation in the trait plasticity of two common prey species in the green crab's diet. Second, he is using reciprocal transplant experiments to examine trait plasticity in response to risk and water temperature, generating data to compare with similar experiments conducted in the late 90s prior to recent ocean warming and expansion in range of green crabs. Third, he is conducting a laboratory common garden experiment to evaluate the effects of risk and water temperature on trait plasticity. Finally, he is using reciprocal transplant experiments in the field to understand the interactive effects of risk and water temperature on prey foraging rates and the abundance of a species that plays an important role in intertidal community structure and dynamics.</p>
<p>This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.</p>
evolution of plasticity
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
biota
oceans
-70.77
-66.97
42.56
44.82
1998-01-01
2018-12-31
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Morphological data of Littorina obtusata populations from reciprocal transplant experiments in the Gulf of Maine conducted 20 years apart
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/990875.rdf
Name: Year
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Year in which the experiment was conducted</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/990876.rdf
Name: Population
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Source population (North, South) of the snails used in the reciprocal transplant experiment</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/990877.rdf
Name: Location
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Denotes the site (North, South) at which snails were raised as part of the reciprocal transplant experiment</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/990878.rdf
Name: Risk_Treatment
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Treatment exposure; whether snails were raised in the presence (Crab) or absence (No Crab) of green crab risk cues during the reciprocal transplant experiment</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/990879.rdf
Name: Replicate
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Denotes the specific unit that snails were raised in as part of the reciprocal transplant experiment</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/990880.rdf
Name: Initial_Shell_Thickness
Units: millimeters (mm)
Description: <p>Shell thickness (mm) of snails at the beginning of reciprocal transplant experiment</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/990881.rdf
Name: Initial_Shell_Length
Units: millimeters (mm)
Description: <p>Initial shell length (mm) of snails at the beginning of reciprocal transplant experiment</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/990882.rdf
Name: Initial_Shell_Mass
Units: milligrams (mg)
Description: <p>Initial shell mass (mg) of snails at the beginning of reciprocal transplant experiment</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/990883.rdf
Name: Initial_Tissue_Mass
Units: milligrams (mg)
Description: <p>Initial tissue mass (mg) of snails at the beginning of reciprocal transplant experiment</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/990884.rdf
Name: Final_Shell_Thickness
Units: millimeters (mm)
Description: <p>Shell thickness (mm) of snails at the end of reciprocal transplant experiment</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/990885.rdf
Name: Final_Shell_Length
Units: millimeters (mm)
Description: <p>Final shell length (mm) of snails at the beginning of reciprocal transplant experiment</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/990886.rdf
Name: Final_Shell_Mass
Units: milligrams (mg)
Description: <p>Final shell mass (mg) of snails at the beginning of reciprocal transplant experiment</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/990887.rdf
Name: Final_Tissue_Mass
Units: milligrams (mg)
Description: <p>Final tissue mass (mg) of snails at the beginning of reciprocal transplant experiment</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.990830.1
download
onLine
dataset
<p>To examine how shell thickness and its plasticity have changed after 20 years (1998-2018), we repeated a reciprocal transplant experiment in 2018 that had previously been conducted in 1998 (Trussell and Smith, 2000). To allow a robust comparison of the two experiments, we carefully replicated all aspects of the 1998 experiment including using the same experimental chambers that were deployed into the field 20 years earlier. In early May 2018, we collected juvenile <em>Littorina&nbsp;obtusata </em>(5-6 mm in shell length) from a northern&nbsp;and a southern site in the Gulf of Maine. The northern site was near Quoddy Head in Lubec, Maine (44.82, -66.97) and the southern site was Lobster Cove in Manchester, Massachusetts (42.56, -70.77). All snails were individually tagged with a color-coded dot of permanent ink that was then sealed with cyanoacrylate glue. We measured initial shell length and shell thickness with digital calipers (± 0.01 mm) and shell mass and tissue mass (± 0.001 g) were estimated using a non-destructive weighing technique (Palmer, 1982).</p>
<p>After completing initial measurements, we transported snails from both populations to the northern or southern site in mid-May. At each site, we placed six snails (hereafter, response snails) from a single population and approximately 60 grams of brown algae (<em>Ascophyllum nodosum</em>) as food into 24 separate, replicate cylindrical containers (5-cm height x 10-cm diameter) that had mesh windows (mesh size = 3mm) to allow water flow. Hence, at each site 12 replicate containers housed snails from either the northern or southern population and 6 replicates for each population exposed snails to either the presence (Crab) or absence (No Crab) of predation risk. To create these risk treatments, each container stocked with response snails was secured beneath a similar container that was perforated on all sides and housed either (a) a mature male green crab (Crab) and 30 conspecific snails (hereafter, stimulus snails) or (b) just 30 stimulus snails (No Crab) to serve as a control. Each pair of stimulus-response containers was placed inside a large, replicate cylindrical chamber (11-cm height x 28-cm diameter) that had mesh windows (mesh size = 3mm) to permit water flow. These large chambers were anchored haphazardly in the mid-intertidal zone (~1.5 m MLW). Ocean temperature was monitored at 5-minute intervals during the experiment with dataloggers (Tidbits, model UTBI-001, Onset Computer Corp.) that were placed inside three replicate chambers at each site. Every 14 days we replaced stimulus snails in both the Crab and No Crab containers. For appropriate replicates, we also confirmed that crabs were alive; any dead crabs were replaced immediately. Overall, we had to replace 7 crabs at the northern site and 7 crabs at the southern site. At day 45, we replaced the <em>Ascophyllum</em> that served as food for response snails in all replicates. After 90 days in the field, all response snails were returned to the Northeastern University Marine Science Center (Nahant, Massachusetts) for measurement of final snail shell length, shell thickness, and tissue mass.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
- Imported original file named "2.Trussell.Corbett.Updated.ReciprocalTransplantExperiment.csv" into the BCO-DMO system.
- Renamed fields/columns to comply with BCO-DMO naming conventions.
- Saved the final file as "990830_v1_morphological_data_reciprocal_transplant.csv"
Specified by BCO-DMO Data Managers
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
digital calipers
digital calipers
PI Supplied Instrument Name: digital calipers PI Supplied Instrument Description:We measured initial shell length and shell thickness with digital calipers. Instrument Name: calipers Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: A caliper (or "pair of calipers") is a device used to measure the distance between two opposite sides of an object. Many types of calipers permit reading out a measurement on a ruled scale, a dial, or a digital display.
Tidbits, model UTBI-001, Onset Computer Corp
Tidbits, model UTBI-001, Onset Computer Corp
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Tidbits, model UTBI-001, Onset Computer Corp PI Supplied Instrument Description:Ocean temperature was monitored at 5-minute intervals during the experiment with dataloggers (Tidbits, model UTBI-001, Onset Computer Corp.) Instrument Name: Onset HOBO TidbiT v2 (UTBI-001) temperature logger Instrument Short Name:HOBO TidBit v2 Instrument Description: A temperature logger that measures temperatures over a wide temperature range. It is designed for outdoor and underwater environments and is waterproof to 300 m. A solar radiation shield is required to obtain accurate air temperature measurements in sunlight (RS1 or M-RSA Solar Radiation Shield). With an operational temperature range between -20 degrees Celsius and +70 degrees Celsius, the TidbiT v2 has an accuracy of +/-0.21 and a resolution of 0.02 degrees Celsius. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/134/
cylindrical containers with mesh windows
cylindrical containers with mesh windows
PI Supplied Instrument Name: cylindrical containers with mesh windows PI Supplied Instrument Description:The experimental containers were cylindrical (5-cm height x 10-cm diameter) and had mesh windows (mesh size = 3mm) to allow water flow. Instrument Name: Test chamber Instrument Short Name:Test chamber Instrument Description: A test chamber is a controlled environment where specific conditions (temperature, humidity, light, etc.) are maintained for testing and research purposes.
Also called climatic chamber, environmental chamber, environmental room, or environmental enclosure